काव्यप्रकाश (आचार्य मम्मट - सम्पूर्ण १० उल्लास सटीक)

418. KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
     एषु अपराधद्वये पूर्वापरजन्मनोरनमनम् भुजपाते शस्त्रोपक्षेपः
     महामोहे सुखावलोकोच्छेदित्वं च यथाक्रममुक्तरूपो हेतुः ।।११४।।
     पर्यायोक्तं विना वाच्यवाचकत्वेन यद्वचः ।
     वाच्यवाचकभावव्यतिरिक्तेनावगमनव्यापारेण यत् प्रति-
     पादनं तत् पर्यायेण भङ्ग्यन्तरेण कथनात् पर्यायोक्तम् ।
     उदाहरणम्—
     यं प्रेक्ष्य चिररूढापि निवासप्रीतिरुज्झिता ।
     मदेनैरावणमुखे मानेन हृदये हरेः ।।५०४।।
     Here, in (a) the omission of obeisance during the
     preceding and coming births is the cause of the two faults:—
     in (b) the raising of the weapon is the reason for the falling
     of the arm ; and in (c) the depriving of the light of pleasure
     is the cause of the ‘dense darkness’. 114.
     XXXI.—Paryāyokta—Periphrasis.
     Periphrasis consists in such description as is independent of
     the ordinary denotative relation between the expressive word and
     the expressed meaning.
     When a certain fact is described by words, through
     the implicative (suggestive) function,—and not through
     the ordinary relation between the expressive word and
     the expressed meaning:—it is Periphrasis, ‘Paryāyokta’ ;—
     so called because what is said (‘ukta’) is by other means
     (paryāya).
     Example—
     ‘Even though long-standing, the love of residence
     was renounced by intoxication and self-respect, in regard
     respectively to the face of Airāvaṇa and the heart of Indra.’
     The particle ‘api’, ‘even though’ serves to imply
     that ‘Airāvaṇa’s face and Indra’s heart became bereft

CHAPTER X 419
अत्र ऐरावणशक्रौ मदमानमुक्तौ जाताविति व्यङ्ग्यमपि
शब्देनोच्यते । तेन यदेवोच्यते तदेव व्यङ्ग्यम् । यथा तु व्यङ्ग्यं
न तथोच्यते । यथा गवि शुक्ले चलति दृष्टे 'गौः शुक्लश्चलति'
इति विकल्पः । यदेव दृष्टं तदेव विकल्पयति न तु यथा दृष्टं तथा ।
यतोभिन्नासंसृष्टत्वेन दृष्टम् भेदसंसर्गाभ्यां विकल्पयति ॥
उदात्तं वस्तुनः संपत् ॥
संपत् समृद्धियोगः । यथा
मुक्ताः केलिविसूत्रहारगलिताः संमार्जनीभिर्हृताः
प्रातः प्राङ्गणसीम्नि मन्थरचलद्बालाङ्घ्रिलाक्षारुणाः ।
of intoxication and self-respect' ; and this idea so sugges-
ted is the same as is directly expressed by the words
themselves [the expressed meaning also being that 'intoxi-
cation and self-respect renounced their love of residing
in Airāvaṇa's face and in Indra's heart ']. But the manner
in which the implication is made is not the same in which
the same idea is directly expressed.
We have an analogous instance in the case where
upon seeing a white ox walking, one has the complex
notion 'the white ox is walking'; and here what this
cognition expresses is exactly what the man had
previously perceived (in the abstract); but the manner
of the later cognition is different from that of the
preceding perception : the preceding perception (being
in an indeterminate form) apprehended the object (ox)
not as distinct from and related to (the other two factors,
the quality of whiteness, and the action of walking), while
the subsequent cognition does actually apprehend it as
so distinct and related.
XXXII.—Udātta—Exalted.
The Exalted consists (a) in the Exaltation of the thing;
'Exaltation'—being endowed with prosperity.

420 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
दूराद्दाडिमबीजशङ्कितधियः कर्षन्ति केलीशुकाः
यद्विद्वद्भवनेषु भोजनृपतेस्तत् त्यागलीलायितम् ॥५०५॥
महतां चोपलक्षणम् ॥ ११५ ॥
उपलक्षणमङ्गभावः अर्थादुपलक्षणीयेऽर्थे । उदाहरणम्--
तदिदमरण्यं यस्मिन् दशरथवचनानुपालनव्यसनी ।
निवसन् बाहुसहायश्चकार रक्षःक्षयं रामः ॥५०६॥
न चात्र वीरो रसः तस्येहाङ्गत्वात् ॥११५॥
तत्सिद्धिहेतावेकस्मिन् यत्रान्यत्तत्करं भवेत् ।
समुच्चयोऽसौ ॥
Example—
‘ The pearls dropping from necklaces snapped in
dalliance, which have become reddened by the foot-prints
of lascivious girls walking about in the court-yard, are
dusted aside with broom-sticks : mistaking them for pome-
granate-seeds, the sportive parrots pick up these pearls :—
that all this happens in the houses of learned men is the
effect, O King Bhoja, of your munificence.’
(b) It consists also in the representation of great beings as
adjuncts (to the thing exalted). 115
‘ Adjunct ’—being subordinate,—i.e., to the thing
described.
Example—
‘ This is that same forest residing wherein Rāma,
bent upon obeying the words of Dasharatha, with the
help of his arms, brought about the destruction of demons.’
[Here the fact of Rāma being an adjunct, a resident
of the forest, serves to exalt the latter ; it is the forest,
which is the predominating factor [ and not the Heroic
Sentiment ; as this latter is itself only a subordinate factor.]

CHAPTER X 421
तस्य प्रस्तुतस्य कार्यस्य एकस्मिन् साधके स्थिते साध-
कान्तराणि यत्र संभवन्ति स समुच्चयः । उदाहरणम्--
दुर्वाराः स्मरमार्गणाः प्रियतमो दूरे मनोत्युत्सुकं
गाढं प्रेम नवं वयोतिकठिनाः प्राणाः कुलं निर्मलम् ।
स्त्रीत्वं धैर्यविरोधि मन्मथसुहृत् कालः कृतान्तोक्षमो
नो सख्यश्चतुराः कथं नु विरहः सोढव्य इत्थं शठः ॥५०७॥
अत्र विरहासहत्वं स्मरमार्गणा एव कुर्वन्ति । तदुपरि
प्रियतमदूरस्थित्यादि उपात्तम् ॥
एष एव समुच्चयः सद्योगेसद्योगे सदसद्योगे च पर्यवस्यतीति
XXXIII—Samuchchaya—Concatenation.
(a) It is Concatenation, when, while one cause conducive to
the effect in question being already present, another also turns
out to be conducive to it.
I. E., when one cause conducive to the effect to be
described is already present, other causes are also
mentioned,—it is Concatenation.
Example—
‘Irrepressible are the arrows of the Love-god ; my
beloved is at a distance ; my mind is extremely anxious ;
our love is deep ; age young ; life-breath very hard ;
family pure ; the feminine character is incompatible with
firmness ; the season is helpful to the Love-god ; the
God of Death is incapable (of putting an end to my life);
my friends are not sufficiently clever ;—how then can
this cruel pang of separation be borne ?’
‘The arrows of the Love-god’ are enough to make
the pangs of separation unbearable ;and in addition to this
are mentioned the other circumstances conducive to the
same effect,—such as the beloved being at a distance and so
forth.

422 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
न पृथक् लक्ष्यते । तथाहि--
कुलममलिनं भद्रा मूर्तिमतिः श्रुतिशालिनी
भुजबलमलं स्फीता लक्ष्मीः प्रभुत्वमखण्डितम् ।
प्रकृतिसुभगा ह्येते भावा अमीभिरयं जनो
व्रजति सुतरां दर्पं राजन् त एव तवाङ्कुशाः ॥५०८॥
अत्र सतां योगः । उक्तोदाहरणे त्वसतां योगः ।
शशी दिवसधूसरो गलितयौवना कामिनी
सरो विगतवारिजं मुखमनक्षरं स्वाकृतेः ।
प्रभुर्धनपरायणः सततदुर्गतः सज्जनो
नृपाङ्गणगतः खलो मनसि सप्त शल्यानि मे ॥५०९॥
It is this same figure of Concatenation which appears
in the form of (a) 'the combination of good things',
(b) 'the combination of bad things' and (c) 'the combi-
nation of good and bad' [which three have been des-
cribed by Rudraṭa and others as distinct figures of speech].
That is why these are not described by us separately.
For instance, in the example quoted above, we have 'the
combination of bad things'; while we have 'the combi-
nation of good things' in the following verse :-
'The family is untainted, appearance gentle, mind
full of learning, the strength of arm sufficient, wealth
extensive, sovereignty unimpeded ; all these circumstances
are naturally agreeable ; and it is only natural that, on
account of these, this man becomes arrogant ; but to you,
O King, these same only serve as means of restraint.'
In the following verse, there is 'combination of good
and bad', inasmuch as the fact of the 'Moon' (good) being
'dim' (bad) already being a 'dart,' several other darts
are mentioned (which also are combinations of the good
and the bad)-

CHAPTER X 423.
अत्र शशिनि धूसरे शल्ये शल्यान्तराणीति शोभनाशोभनयोगः ॥
स त्वन्यो युगपद् या गुणक्रियाः ॥ ११६ ॥
गुणौ च क्रिये च गुणक्रिये च गुणक्रियाः । क्रमेणोदाहरणम्—
विदलितसकलारिकुलं तव बलमिदमभवदाशु विमलं च ।
प्रखलमुखानि नराधिप मलिनानि च तानि जातानि ॥५१०॥
अयमेकपदे तया वियोगः प्रियया चोपनतः सुदुःसहो मे ।
नववारिधरोदयादहोभिर्भवितव्यं च निरातपत्वरम्यैः ॥५११॥
कलुषं च तवाहितेष्वकस्मात्सितपङ्केरुहसोदरश्रि चक्षुः ।
पतितं च महीपतीन्द्र तेषां वपुषि प्रस्फुटमापदां कटाक्षैः ॥५१२॥
' The Moon dim during the day,—the woman with
faded youth,—the tank devoid of the lotus,—the illiterate
mouth of a handsome person,—the master too much
attached to wealth,—the good man always in trouble,—
the wicked man at the King’s Court,—these are the seven
darts in my heart.’
(b) It is another kind of the same figure (Concatenation)
when qualities and actions are (described as) simultaneous. 116.
The compound ‘guṇakriyāḥ’ is explained as meaning
(1) ‘two qualities’, (2) ‘two actions’ and (3) ‘quality
and action’.
Examples in order :—
(1) [Concatenation of two simultaneous qualities]—‘O
King, having shattered the forces of your enemy, your
army quickly became bright, [ and clean ] and those faces
of the wicked became faded.’
(2) [Concatenation of two simultaneous actions]—
‘This unbearable separation from my beloved has
come about suddenly ; and on account of the appearance
of fresh clouds the days are going to be free from heat
and lovely.’

‘धुनोति चासिं तनुते च कीर्तिम्’ इत्यादेः ‘कृपाणपाणिश्च
भवान् रणक्षितौ ससाधुवादाश्च सुराः सुरालये’ इत्यादेश्च दर्शनात्
‘व्यधिकरणे’ इति ‘एकस्मिन् देशे’ इति च न वाच्यम् ॥११६॥
एकं क्रमेणानेकस्मिन् पर्यायः ॥
एकं वस्तु क्रमेणानेकस्मिन् भवति क्रियते वा स पर्यायः ।
क्रमेणोदाहरणम्—
नन्वाश्रयस्थितिरियं तव कालकूट
केनोत्तरोत्तरविशिष्टपदोपदिष्टा ।
प्रागर्णवस्य हृदये वृषलक्ष्मणोथ
कण्ठेऽधुना वससि वाचि पुनः खलानाम् ॥५१३॥

CHAPTER X 425
यथा वा
बिम्बोष्ठ एव रागस्ते तन्वि पूर्वमदृश्यत ।
अधुना हृदयेप्येष मृगशावाक्षि लक्ष्यते ॥५१४॥
रागस्य वस्तुतो भेदेप्येकतयाध्यवसितत्वादेकत्वमविरुद्धम् ।
तं ताण सिरिसहोअररअणाहरणम्मि हिअअमेक्करसं ।
बिम्बाहरे पिआणं णिविसिं कुसुमबाणेण ॥५१५॥
अन्यस्ततोन्यथा ॥
अनेकमेकस्मिन् क्रमेण भवति क्रियते वा सोऽन्यः ॥
(1) [One thin existing in several]—
‘O Poison ! by whom has been ordained this success-
ively higher series of your residences ?—First of all in
the heart of the ocean, then in the throat of Śhiva, and
now in the words of wicked men !’
Another example of the same kind—
‘Formerly this rāga (redness was seen in your bimba-
like lips only ; but now O fawn-eyed one, the same
(rāga attachment, love) is perceived in your heart also.”
Though here the ‘rāga’ spoken of is not exactly the
same in the two cases, yet (through the sameness of sound)
the two are felt to be one and the same ; hence the citing
of this as an example here is not wrong.
(2) [One thing made to appear in several]—
‘The hearts of the demons, that were concentrated
entirely on the Wearer of the Kaustubha-jewel (when he
appeared as the Enchantress),, were turned by the Love-
god towards the bimba-like lips of their wives.
(b) When the process is inverted, it is another kind (of
Sequence).
When several things successively (1) subsist, or (2)
are made to appear, in one thing,—it is another kind
of Sequence.

426 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
क्रमेणोदाहरणम्-
मधुरिमरुचिरं वचः खलानाममृतमहो प्रथमं पृथु व्यनक्ति ।
अथ कथयति मोहहेतुमन्तर्गतमिव हालहलं विषं तदेव ॥५१६॥
तद्गेहं नतभित्ति मन्दिरमिदं लब्धावकाशं दिवः
सा धेनुर्जरती नदन्ति करिणामेता घनाभा घटाः ।
स क्षुद्रो मुसलध्वनिः कलमिदं संगीतकं योषिताम्
आश्चर्यं दिवसैर्द्विजोयमियतीं भूमिं समारोपितः ॥५१७॥
अत्र एकस्यैव हानोपादानयोरविवक्षितत्वात् न परिवृत्तिः ।।
अनुमानं तदुक्तं यत् साध्यसाधनयोर्वचः ।। ११७ ।।
पक्षधर्मान्वयव्यतिरेकित्वेन त्रिरूपो हेतुः साधनम् । धर्मिणि
अयोगव्यवच्छेदो व्यापकस्य साध्यत्वम् । यथा
Examples in order—
(1) 'Strange it is that at first the words of the wicked,
sweet and agreeable, clearly indicate the presence of nectar,
and yet they indicate also the presence, in their heart, of
poison, the source of delusion.'
(2) 'That low-walled hut,—and this palace which
receives its light from heaven; that faded cow,—and
these cloud-like herds of bellowing elephants; that mean
sound of the pestle,—and this sweet music of women;
it is a wonder that this Brāhmaṇa has been transported into
this condition in so very few days.'
The renouncing (of one set of things) and acceptance
(of another) by the same agent is not what is meant to be
emphasised here; hence this cannot be regarded as a
case of 'Exchange'.
XXXV—Anumāna—Inference.
It is the description of the Probans and the Probandum that
costitutes Inference. 117.

यत्रैता लहरीचलाचलदृशो व्यापारयन्ति भ्रुवं
यत् तत्रैव पतन्ति संततममी मर्मस्पृशो मार्गणाः ।
तच्चक्रीकृतचापमञ्चितशरप्रेङ्खत्करः क्रोधनो
धावत्यग्रत एव शासनधरः सत्यं सदासां स्मरः ॥५१८॥
साध्यसाधनयोः पौर्वापर्यविकल्पे न किंचिद्वैचित्र्यमिति न
तथा दर्शितम् ॥११७॥
विशेषणैर्यत्साकूतैरुक्तिः परिकरस्तु सः ॥
अर्थाद्विशेष्यस्य ।

428 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
उदाहरणम्--
महौजसो मानधना धनार्चिता
धनुर्भृतः संयति लब्धकीर्तयः ।
न संहतास्तस्य न भेदवृत्तयः
प्रियाणि वाञ्छन्त्यसुभिः समीहितुम् ॥५१९॥
यद्यप्यपुष्टार्थस्य दोषताभिधानात्तन्निराकरणेन पुष्टार्थ-
स्वीकारः कृतः तथाप्येकनिष्ठत्वेन बहूनां विशेषणानामेव-
मुपन्यासे वैचित्र्यमित्यलंकारमध्ये गणितः ॥
व्याजोक्तिश्छद्मनोद्भिन्नवस्तुरूपनिगूहनम् ॥ ११८॥
निगूढमपि वस्तुनो रूपं कथमपि प्रभिन्नं केनापि व्यपदेशेन
यदपहूयते सा व्याजोक्तिः ।
'Description' of and object qualified by the said
epithets.
Example—
'Archers,—brilliant, self-respecting, honoured with
riches, who have made their reputation in war, neither
combining nor differing among themselves,—are anxious,
even at the risk of their lives, to fulfil his wishes.'
Though it is true that by the recognition of 'Irrele-
vancy' as a defect, 'relevancy' or 'significance' has
already been admitted (as an excellence),—yet there is a
certain charm brought about by the bringing together of
a number of significant epithets as applying to a single
object; by reason which this has been included under
'Figures of Speech'.
XXXVII--Vyājokti—Artful Assertion.
Artful Assertion consists in concealing, by some artifice,
the unhidden character of a thing. 118.
When the form of a thing, not explicit in itself,
somehow becomes explicit,—and yet such form is, by
some artifice, concealed,—it is Artful Assertion.

CHAPTER X 429
न चैषापह्नुतिः प्रकृताप्रकृतोभयनिष्ठस्य साम्यस्येहासंभवात् ।
उदाहरणम्--
शैलेन्द्रप्रतिपाद्यमानगिरिजाहस्तोपगूढोल्लसद्-
रोमाञ्चादिविसंष्ठुलाखिलविधिव्यासङ्गभङ्गाकुलः ।
हा शैत्यं तुहिनाचलस्य करयोरित्यूचिवान् सस्मितं
शैलान्तःपुरमातृमण्डलगणैर्दृष्टोवताद्वः शिवः ।।५२०।।
अत्र पुलकवेपथू सात्त्विकरूपतया प्रसूतौ शैत्यकारणतया
प्रकाशितत्वादपलपितस्वरूपौ व्याजोक्तिं प्रयोजयतः ।।११८।।
किंचित् पृष्टमपृष्टं वा कथितं यत् प्रकल्पते ।
तादृगन्यव्यपोहाय परिसंख्या तु सा स्मृता ।। ११९ ।।
This is not the same as ‘Concealment’ (see above
Kārikā No. 96), because in the present case there is no
possibility of any similitude between the object described
and that to which it is compared.
Example (of Artful Assertion)—
‘May Shiva protect you,—he being smilingly looked
upon by the ladies in the harem of the King of Mountains,
when he,—having a thrill and such effects produced in
himself by the touch of Pārvatī’s hand offered to him
by her father, and feeling confused at the consequent
omission of the details of the marriage-rites,—blurted
out—“Oh, how cold are the hands of the Snow-moun-
tain!”
Here the thrilling and the trembling (the latter being
among the ‘other effects’),—though really appearing
as the calm effects (of the feeling of Love aroused by the
touch), are described here as the effects of cold; and as in
this manner their real character is ‘concealed’, we have
here a case of Artful Assertion. 118.

430 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
प्रमाणान्तरावगतमपि वस्तु शब्देन प्रतिपादितं प्रयोजना-
न्तराभावात् सदृशवस्त्वन्तरव्यवच्छेदाय यत् पर्यवस्यति सा
भवेत्परिसंख्या । अत्र च कथनं प्रश्नपूर्वकं तदन्यथा च परिदृष्टम् ।
तथा उभयत्र व्यपोह्यमानस्य प्रतीयमानता वाच्यत्वं चेति
चत्वारो भेदाः ।। क्रमेणोदाहरणम्--
किमासेव्यं पुंसां सविधमनवद्यं द्युसरितः
किमेकान्ते ध्येयं चरणयुगलं कौस्तुभभृतः ।
किमाराध्यं पुण्यं किमभिलषणीयं च करुणा
यदासक्त्या चेतो निरवधिविमुक्त्यै प्रभवति ॥५२१॥
XXXVIII—Parisaṁkhyā—Exclusion.
Where something, either (a) asked or (b) unasked, on being
mentioned, serves to exclude other things similar thereto,—it is
said to be Exclusion. 119.
When a certain thing, known by other means of
knowledge, is mentioned by words, and in the absence
of any other purpose, serves the purpose of exclusion of
other similar things,—then it is Exclusion. The said
‘mention’ is found to be preceded by (in response to),
as also not preceded by, a question ; and in both
cases what is excluded may be implied or directly
expressed ;—thus there are four varieties of this figure.
Examples in order.—
(a) [Preceded by question—the Excluded implied—]
‘Q. What is it that deserves to be attended upon by
men ? A. The excellent proximity of the Heavenly
River.—Q. What is it that should be meditated upon in
seclusion ? A. The two feet of Viṣṇu—Q. What is it
that should be honoured ? A. Virtue—Q. What is it

CHAPTER X 431
किं भूषणं सुदृढमत्र यशो न रत्नं
किं कार्यमार्यचरितं सुकृतं न दोषः ।
किं चक्षुरप्रतिहतं धिषणा न नेत्रं
जानाति कस्त्वदपरः सदसद्विवेकम् ॥५२२॥
कौटिल्यं कचनिचये करचरणाधरदलेषु रागस्ते ।
काठिन्यं कुचयुगले तरलत्वं नयनयोर्वसति ॥५२३॥
भक्तिर्भवे न विभवे व्यसनं शास्त्रे न युवतिकामास्त्रे ।
चिन्ता यशसि न वपुषि प्रायः परिदृश्यते महताम् ॥५२४॥११९॥
यथोत्तरं चेत् पूर्वस्य पूर्वस्यार्थस्य हेतुता ।
तदा कारणमाला स्यात् ॥
that should be desired ? A. Mercy, by the presence
whereof the mind leads on to Liberation.’
(b) [Preceded by question—the Excluded expressed]—
‘ Q. What is the real ornament in the world ? A.
Reputation, not jewels.—Q. What deserves to be done ?
A. The good of a gentleman, not misdeeds.—Q. What
is unimpeded vision ? A. Intellect, not the eye.—
Who else, but you, know the real difference between
good and evil ?’
(c) [Not preceded by question—the Excluded implied—]
‘ There is obliqueness in your mass of hair ; redness
in your hands, feet and lips ;—hardness in your breasts
and fickleness in your eyes.
(d) [Not preceded by question,—the Excluded ex-
pressed]—
‘ Devotion to Shiva, not to riches ; addiction to learn-
ing, not to women, the weapon of love ; anxiety for re-
putation, not for the body ; all this is found in nearly
all good men.’ 119.

432 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
उत्तरमुत्तरं प्रति यथोत्तरम् । उदाहरणम्--
जितेन्द्रियत्वं विनयस्य कारणं गुणप्रकर्षो विनयादवाप्यते ।
गुणप्रकर्षेण जनोनुरज्यते जनानुरागप्रभवा हि संपदः ॥५२५॥
“हेतुमता सह हेतोरभिधानमभेदतो हेतुः ।”
इति हेत्वलंकारो न लक्षितः । आयुर्घृतमित्यादिरूपो ह्येष
न भूषणतां कदाचिदर्हति वैचित्र्याभावात् ।
अविरलकमलविकासः सकलालिमदश्च कोकिलानन्दः ।
रम्योयमेति संप्रति लोकोत्कण्ठाकरः कालः ॥५२६॥
XXXIX—Kāraṇamālā—The String of Causes.
Where (among a number of things mentioned), each preceding
one appears as the cause of each succeeding one,—it is the String
of Causes.
‘Yathottaram’,—of each of the succeeding.
Example—
‘Control over the senses is the cause of good char-
acter ; excellence of qualities is obtained from good
character ; by the excellence of qualities people become
attached ; and the attachment of the people brings about
prosperity.’
The figure ‘Hetu’, ‘Cause’, defined (by Udbhaṭa)
as consisting in ‘the delineation of the affect as not different
from the cause’,—has not been mentioned here, because
such an identification, being of the nature of statements
like ‘Butter is longevity’, can never be an ornament of
speech, (a Figure of Speech), because there is no charm
in it. In the example also that has been cited of the said
figure,—
‘Aviralakamalavikāsaḥ
Sakalālimadashcha kokilānandaḥ
Ramyoyameti samprati
Lokotkaṇṭhākaraḥ kālaḥ.’

CHAPTER X 433
इत्यत्र काव्यरूपतां कोमलानुप्रासमहिम्नैव समाम्नासिषुर्न
पुनर्हेत्वलंकारकल्पनयेति पूर्वोक्तकाव्यलिङ्गमेव हेतुः ॥
क्रियया तु परस्परम् ॥ १२० ॥
वस्तुनोर्जननेन्योन्यम् ॥
अर्थयोरेकक्रियामुखेन परस्परं कारणत्वे सति अन्योन्यनामा
अलंकारः । उदाहरणम्--
हंसाणं सरेहिं सिरी सारिज्जइ अह सराणं हंसेहिँ ।
अण्णोण्णं विअ एए अप्पाण्णं णवर गरुअन्ति ॥५२७॥
अत्रोभयेषामपि परस्परजनकता मिथःश्रीसारतासंपादनद्वारेण ॥
‘Now is come the lovely season, which bears the
beauty of dense lotuses, during which the black bees
are humming in exuberant joy, which is a source of felicity
to the cuckoo, and brings longings in the minds of men’.
Here the presence of poetical charm has been declared
to lie in the presence of the soft Alliteration, and not in
that of any such Figure of Speech as Cause.
As a matter of fact, this Figure ‘Cause’ is the same as
what has been described above as ‘Poetical Reason’.
XL—Anyonya—Reciprocal.
Text.—When two things are productive of each other, through
an action,—it is the Reciprocal.
When through a single action, two things appear as the
cause of each other,—it is the Figure called ‘Reciprocal’.
Example.—
‘Tanks add beauty to the lakes, and the lakes add
beauty to the swans; these two only serve to improve
each other.’
[ The छाया of विअ is given as एव in Vāma, nācārya. In the tran-
slution the word has been omitted. ]
Here the two things spoken of are the ‘cause’ of each
other through the common action of ‘beautifying’.

434 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
उत्तरश्रुतिमात्रतः ॥
प्रश्नस्योन्नयनं यत्र क्रियते तत्र वा सति ॥ १२१ ॥
असकृद् यदसंभाव्यमुत्तरं स्यात् तदुत्तरम् ।
प्रतिवचनोपलम्भादेव पूर्ववाक्यं यत्र कल्प्यते तदेकं तावदुत्त-
रम् । उदाहरणम्—
वाणिअअ हत्थिदन्ता कुत्तो अम्हाण वग्घकित्ती अ ।
जाव लुलिआअलमुही घरम्मि परिसक्कए सोण्हा ॥ ५२८ ॥
हस्तिदन्तव्याघ्रकृत्तीनामहंमर्थी ताः मूल्येन प्रयच्छेति
क्रेतुर्वचनम् अमुना वाक्येन समुन्नीयत ॥
न चैतत् काव्यलिङ्गम् उत्तरस्य ताद्रूप्यानुपपत्तेः । नहि
प्रश्नस्य प्रतिवचनं जनको हेतुः । नापीदमनुमानम् एकधर्मिनिष्ठ-
तया साध्यसाधनयोर्निर्देशादित्यलंकारान्तरमेवोत्तरं साधीयः ।
XLI—Uttara—Answer.
(a) When from the hearing of only the answer, the presumption
of the question is made,—(b) or when the question being there,
an inconceivable answer is given, and this more than once,—it is
Answer.
(a) It is one kind of Answer, where the statement
embodying the question is presumed from the hearing
of the answer.
Example—
‘O trader, whence could we have ivory or tiger-skins‘
so long as my daughter-in-law with lovely locks lives in
my house ?’
[Here the implication is that my son does not go out for
hunting. ]
The assertion here made leads to the presumption
that it is in answer to the request of a likely purchaser to
the following effect—‘I am seeking for ivory and tiger-
skins, give them to me and receive their price’

CHAPTER X 435
प्रश्नादनन्तरं लोकातिक्रान्तगोचरतया यत् असंभाव्यरूपं
प्रतिवचनं स्यात् तत् अपरमुत्तरम् । अनयोश्च सकृदुपादाने न
चारुताप्रतीतिरित्‍यसकृदित्युक्तम् । उदाहरणम्—
का विसमा देव्वगई किं लब्भं जं जणो गुणग्गाही ।
किं सोक्खं सुकलत्तं किं दुक्खं जं खलो लोओ ॥५२९॥
प्रश्नपरिसंख्यायामन्यव्यपोह एव तात्पर्यम् । इह तु वाच्ये
एव विश्रान्तिरित्‍यनयोर्विवेकः ॥
This figure is not the same as ‘Poetical Reason’ ;
because the nature of the figure ‘Answer’ is not the same
as that of Poetical Reason, as the Answer here is not the
productive cause of the question (as it is in Poetical Reason).
Nor is it the same as ‘Inference’, as it does not involve
any mention of the Probans and Probandum as subsisting
in a single substratum (as it is in Inference).
For these reasons it is best to regard this Answer as
a distinct Figure of Speech.
(b) It is the second kind of Answer when, after the
statement of the question, there follows an answer which,
being beyond the reach of ordinary comprehension, is
‘inconceivable’.—As the single mention of such question
and answer would have no charm, it is added ‘this more
than once’.
Example—
‘What is perverse ? The ways of destiny.—What
is difficult to obtain ? Appreciative men.—What is
happiness ? A good wife.—What is unhappiness ?
The presence of wicked men’.
In the ‘Exclusion with question’, what is aimed at
is only the exclusion of other things while in the present
figure the import rests entirely in the expressed meaning
only ;—herein lies the difference between these two Figures.

436 KĀVYAPRAKĀŚA
कुतोपि लक्षितः सूक्ष्मोप्यर्थोऽन्यस्मै प्रकाश्यते ॥ १२२॥
धर्मेण केनचिद् यत्र तत् सूक्ष्मं परिचक्षते ॥
कुतोपि आकारादिङ्गिताद्वा सूक्ष्मस्तीक्ष्णमतिसंवेद्यः ॥
उदाहरणम्–
वक्त्रस्यन्दिस्वेदबिन्दुप्रबन्धैर्दृष्ट्वा भिन्नं कुङ्कुमं कापि कण्ठे।
पुंस्त्वं तन्व्या व्यञ्जयन्ती वयस्या स्मित्वा पाणौ खड्गलेखां
लिलेख ॥५३०॥
अत्र आकृतिमवलोक्य कयापि वितर्कितं पुरुषायितम्
असिलतालेखनेन वैदग्ध्यादभिव्यक्तिमुपनीतम् पुंसामेव
कृपाणपाणिता योग्यत्वात् ॥
यथा वा
संकेतकालमनसं विटं ज्ञात्वा विदग्धया ।
ईषन्नेत्रार्पिताकूतं लीलापद्मं निमीलितम् ॥५३१॥
LXII.—Sūkṣma—Subtle.
Where a subtle fact somehow noticed, is expressed to another
person, by means of some property,—it is the Subtle.
‘Somehow’—Through appearance of gestures and so
forth.
‘Subtle’—Cognisable only by persons with keen
intelligence.
Example—
‘A certain friend, noticing the kuṅkuma paint on her
neck blurred by perspiration from the girl’s face, smiled
and painted the sword in her hand, with a view to indicate
her male character.’
What is depicted here is that on seeing the appearance
of the girl, her friend understood that she had behaved
like a male ; and this idea she very cleverly expressed to
her by the painting of the sword,—the proper place for
the sword being in the hand of a male only.

CHAPTER X 437
अत्र जिज्ञासितः संकेतकालः कयाचिदिङ्गितमात्रेण विदितो
निशासमयशंसिना कमलनिमीलनेन लीलया प्रतिपादितः ।।
उत्तरोत्तरमुत्कर्षो भवेत्सारः परावधिः ।। १२३ ।।
परः पर्यन्तभागः अवधिर्यस्य धाराधिरोहितया तत्रैवोत्क-
र्षस्य विश्रान्तेः । उदाहरणम्--
राज्ये सारं वसुधा वसुधायां पुरं पुरे सौधम् ।
सौधे तल्पं तल्पे वराङ्गनानङ्गसर्वस्वम् ।।५३२।।१२३।।
भिन्नदेशतयात्यन्तं कार्यकारणभूतयोः ।
युगपद्धर्मयोर्यत्र ख्यातिः सा स्यादसङ्गतिः ।। १२४ ।।
Another example—
‘The clever girl, noticing from the meaning glances
of her lover that he was desirous of knowing the time of
assignation, closed up the lotus with which she was play-
ing’.
Having noticed, from a mere gesture, that the time for
assignation was what was sought after, the girl very grace-
fully gave him the information by the closing of the lotus,
which pointed to the night as the time.
XLIII.—Sāra—Climax.
Climax is the successive rising in the excellence of things to
the highest pitch. 121-23.
‘Parāvadhi’,—that of which the ‘para’ highest pitch, is
the ‘avadhi’, ‘limit; it is at that limit that the excellence,
rising by degrees, rests.
Example—
‘The Earth is the essence of the kingdom ; the city,
of the Earth ; the palace, of the city ; the bed, of the palace ;
and of the bed, the lovely woman, the all-in-all of the
Love-god. 123.