उपवनविनोद (आचार्य शार्ङ्गधर - वृक्षायुर्वेद, भू-जल संधान एवं उद्यान-विज्ञान सटीक)

80 UPAVANA VINODA
tree, there even in absence of an anthill 3 cubits away in the west and 94½
cubits below the ground water is to be found.
133. The ground where first a serpent is to be found 2 cubits and
6 digits below, then soil of white colour and then stone of the same colour,
there in the north thereof a vein of water flowing to the south is to be found.
134. If a Karīra plant is to be found beneath a Vadarī tree, then 3 cubits
away to the west, 81 cubits below the ground a vein of water flowing to
north-east is to be found—a vein which is full of a profusion of water.
135. The desert where Kakuva and Karīra, or Kakuva and Vilva, trees
are seen very near to one another, there in the west 3 cubits away, 94½ cubits
below water is to be found,
136. If over an anthill grasses of yellow colour and Dūrvā are to be
found, and one digs a well between the two then 189 cubits below the
ground water is to be found.
137. Where an anthill is to be found to the north of a Śami tree
with knots (tubercles) all over its body, there 5 cubits away to the west,
225 curbits below the ground water is sure to be found.
138-139. Jambū, Trivṛtā, Śyāmā, Śiśumārī, Śārivā, Śivā, Dūrvā :
all these gulmas ; or such trees as Vārāhî, Jyotiṣmatī, Garuḍavegā, Śūkarikā
Māṣalatā, Vyāghrapadā,—if any of these is to be found on stony ground,
then 3 cubits north of the anthill adjacent thereto, 13½ cubits below the ground
water is to be found.
140. The above rule (as laid down in 138-139,) applies to mountainous
regions of Anūpa country, but in accordance with the spirit of this formula
even in the mountainous grounds of Jāṅgala region water is to be found 30½
cubits below the surface, and in the case of a desert 36 cubits below.
141. Where the ground is uniformly even and is devoid of
grasses, trees, anthills and shrubs, there if a change is noticed in any of
these, water is sure to be found below the surface.
142. It is good to begin digging a well when the moon is in any of
the constellation in the Zodiac : Hastā, Maghā, Anurādhā, Puṣyā, Dhaniṣṭhā,
Uttaraphālgunī, Uttarāṣāḍā, Uttarabhādrapada, Rohiṇī and Śatabhiṣā.
143. The presence of a well in the south-east of a house or a village
is productive of perpetual fear, and causes the conflagration of houses, as if
by a human agent.
144. A well in the south-west of a house or a village means loss of
property to the inhabitants ; one in north-west causes loss of wives, and
one in the north-east causes fear. The digging of a well anywhere else is
propitious.
145. The water below the surface of the ground which is full of Kāśa
and Kuśa grass, or where the earth is of blue colour, or full of fine gravels,

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 81
or the earth is black and pungent to the taste, is sure to be both tasteful
and sweet.
146. There where the earth is yellowish and full of gravels and pungent
to the taste, the water below the surface is caustic ; where the earth is of
any colour other than pale the water below the surface is salty, and the
water is sweet where the earth is of blue colour.
XI. HERE BEGINS THE SECTION CALLED POSHANAVIDHI—THE
RULES FOR THE NOURISHMENT OF PLANTS
147. Trees do not produce fruits and flowers merely for being planted ;
hence we are going to state the rules relating to the nourishment of plants as
framed by the Sages.
148. If one applies powdered oil-cakes of white mustard or sesamum
at the root of Kharjūra, Vilva and Lakuca trees,—all these three grow ; and
the mango tree grows if it is watered with water in which husks are soaked ;
Āirāvata and Nichulapatra grow by simple watering, but they grow also
if watered with flesh and paddy washings.
149. For the (growth of) old Āmalaka trees the pulse māṣa is extremely
beneficial ; for young Tinduka trees application of water and milk is very
helpful ; powders of barley help the growth of cocoanut trees ; and all
trees rapidly grow if in the planes.
150. Mango trees bear very fragrant and sweet fruits at an early date
if they are watered with decoction made up of milk, pañcapallava, i.e.,
leaves of mango, Aśvattha, Vata, Plakṣa and Yajñadumura, together with
the fat of deer, boar, jackal, elephant, horse, etc.
151. A decoction made up of clarified butter, kuṇapa water, vacha,
and pig's stool—is extremely favourable to the development of fruits of Dāḍima
trees. And water or decoction made up of powders of kulattha is favourable
to the roots of the same tree.
152. If one, after besmearing the trunk of a pomegranate tree with
Saphari fish and powders of triphalā (fruits of Āmalaka, Harītakī and Bayeḍā),
applies to its roots the powders of above three fruits and mango paste and
also fumigates with frankincense, the fruit of the said tree is sure to be as
large as the palmyra fruit.
153. If one waters a fruitful Kādamba or Nāgakeśara tree with the
compound liquid made up of curd, fermented rice water, wine made out
of rice, plum, sesamum, menthi, kuṇapa water, and wine prepared from
sugar and milk, they are sure to bear innumerable fragrant flowers.
11

82 UPAVANA VINODA
154. If one fills the trenches around a Nāgakeśara or Champaka tree
with the decoction made up of priyaṅgu, gujña fruit, nimba, pippalī, vachā,
haridrā, tila and sarṣapa—all taken in equal parts together with clarified butter
and broth of Aśvakarṇa (bark) they are sure to grow luxuriantly.
155. If one waters the roots of vines with the compound liquid made up
of stools of fowls, (flesh and fish), straw and husks of paddy, it bears fruit and
flowers and grows ; and if one compounds 6 maunds and 10 seers of
Gāruḍī creepers with leaves and besmears the trunk of a jackfruit tree from
top to foot with it and waters the roots of the said tree with the broth of
vachā,—it bears fruits all over its body from head to foot.
156. If a Kapittha or Vilva tree be watered with clarified butter, milk
and honey, it bears fruits which are sweet to the taste, full of fleshy substance
containing scanty number of seeds.
157. A Madhuka tree puts on a beautiful and dignified appearance like
a worshipable being when it is watered with the compound made up of the
broth of the roots and leaves of Kośātakī, Pippalā, kuṇapa water, and powdered
resin.
158. A plum tree bears fruits which are as sweet as sugar when its
roots are developed through being watered with the decoction of tila and
yaṣṭīmadhu and with kuṇapa water.
159. A Vījapūra tree bears fruits again and again when the compound
substance consisting of the stools of goat, sheep, pig, etc., viḍaṅga and the
stools of men, is applied to the roots and then these roots are watered
with the urine of horses and sheep.
160. All creepers are bent down under the weight of their fruits when
their roots are pierced with the stings of scorpion and fumigated with clarified
butter and watered with the fats of mice and pig.
161. A Ketakī tree if watered with the urine of cows and kuṇapa water
in summer, bears fragrant flowers and sharp thorny leaves in the rainy
season.
162. One should apply to the roots of all trees, in profusion, soil scented
by fragrant flowers.
163. Any flowering tree bears fragrant flowers in course of a month
if it be watered with the liquid compound of the powders of kuṣṭha, patra,
murā, mustā, tagara and uśīra.
164. If one applies to the roots of a lotus plant which is barren, the
compounded dust of kulattha and the tusks of elephants, it is sure to be
graced with sweet lotuses every day.
165. If one applies to the roots white mustard, plantain leaf, safari fish,
stools of pig and cat in equal shares mixed with clarified butter, besmears the
trunks and fumigate them therewith, they (trees) become free of all diseases.

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 83
grow luxuriously and the branches become graced with flowers and a number
of bees.
166. A Śiśoo tree grows very luxuriantly if one, after fumigating it with
barley, wine, fermented rice water and clarified butter, besmears its trunk with
cakes made up of viḍaṅga and sesamum bathed either in milk or kuṇapa
water.
167-168. All trees without exception always become graced with an
abundance of fruits and leaves and flowers, become immune from diseases
and afford pleasant shades if one applies to them the decoction of Aṅkola
flower mixed with clarified butter and honey, fats of deer and boar added
thereto powders of white mustard, and well watered.
169. One should make a paste of yaṣṭimadhu, Madhuka flowers,
white kuṣṭha and honey, made them into pills and scatter them around the
roots of all trees.
170. Any fruitful tree verily bears very sweet fruits if any experienced
or wise man waters its roots with milk.
XII. HERE BGINS THE SECTION CALLED KUNAPA JALAM—
THE NOURISHING SOLUTION
171-174. One should boil the flesh, fat and marrow of deer, pig, fish,
sheep, goat and rhinoceros in water, and when it is properly boiled one should
put the mixture in an earthen pot and add into the compound milk, powders
of sesamum oil-cakes, māṣa (pulse) boiled in honey, the decoction of pulses,
clarified butter and hot water. There is no fixity as to the amount of any of
these elements; when the said pot is put in a warm place for about a fortnight
the compound becomes what is called Kuṇapa Water which is very healthy
(for plants in general).
XIII. HERE BEGINS THE SECTION CALLED TARUCIKITSA—
THE TREATMEFT OF PLANTS
175. Trees, like men, get diseases through the affections of vāta (wind),
pitta (bile) and kapha (phlegm)—the three pathological humours. One
should diognose the diseases through their symptoms and cure them radically.
176. When a tree is consumed by insects, burnt by fire, broken by
storm, struck by thunderbolt,—one should cut away the affected parts; but
in case of diseases the operation is to be of a different nature.
177. Tall, thin, short, sleepless or partly conscious trees are of windy
humour. They do not bear flowers and fruits.

84 UPAVANA VINODA
178. Trees of billious temper cannot bear the rays of the sun, are of
yellow colour, and shed their branches over and over again, and bear prema-
ture fruits.
179. Trees of phlegmatic temper have their branches and leaves very
glossy, flowers and fruits well shaped and of good appearance, trunks sym-
metrical, and all parts covered with creepers.
180. Substances of pungent, bitter or caustic tastes are destructive of the
windy humour of trees; and those having bitter, hot, salty and acid juice are
destructive of the bile, and those with graceful, sweet, acid or salty juice are
destructive of the phlegm.
181. The affectations of windy humour is alleviated through the applica-
tion of the graceful things like clarified butter mixed with flesh juice; the
affectation through the bile is alleviated through the application of things
that are cold and graceful mixed with water, and the affectation through phlegm
is mollified through the application of acid things mixed with hot water, or
through pungent and bitter things.
182. Rudeness of appearance, tubercles (nodules over the body) both
of large and small size are due to windy humour which may be overcome
bp the application of Lodhra flower, cowdung, fats and kuṇapa water.
183. One should do well to realise that worms (kṛmayo) are at roots
of plants affected with tubercles, or of plants for the paleness of buds and
flowers of which no other particular cause can be assigned; and one should
do well to root out these worms with care. If now fresh urine of cows,
clarified butter, viḍaṅga, mustard and sesamum are mixed together and
applied to the trunk, then fumigated and watered with milk and water, they
(these plants) grow.
184. All kinds of worms are destroyed if one applies to the roots of
trees the barks of Karañja, Āragvada, Ariṣṭa, Saptaparṇa,—pasted in the
urine of cows together with viḍaṅga and musta.
185. The bodies of trees burnt with fire when besmeared with lotus
bulb pasted with kuṇapa water and milk, bear leaves as bright as marakata
jewels.
186. One should besmear the branch of a tree broken by wind with
the barks of Plakṣa, Arka and Udumbara trees pasted in ghee, honey and bees-
wax mixed with milk; should set it (the broken parts) as before, and tie it
to a post fixed nearby, and apply finely powdered earth to the fractured part.
And if it be sprinkled with milk over and over again, and (the plant) watered
at the root, the tree gets round and produces abundance of flowers and
fruits.
187-188. The treatment of trees struck by lightning is being given
here: Ghana (musta) uśīra, madhuka, mudga, māṣa, yava and tila pasted

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 85
with milk and water,—when applied to the roots of (such a tree, it is eased
and becomes normal.
189. The trees which get at dotage through repeated production
of fruits and flowers, when bathed (treated) in kuṇapa water and milk again
and again, do surely bear fruit.
190. When the branches of a tree become dry owing to excess or want
of application of water, one should boil viḍaṅga, clarified butter and milk
together, and sprinkle the tree with the mixture for a week.
191. When a tree suffers from incapacity to digest water, it is
alway pale, devoid of leaves, full of ants and the smell of fish, and in places
devoid of barks. The following treatment has to be adopted in this case :
192-193. One should strike at the root of the tree suffering from
indigestion to draw the poisonous sap out of the trunk, apply to the affected
place a paste of honey, viḍaṅga powder and sesamum and cover it with
earth and sprinkle it with water and milk. The atrophy (sosha) of a tree is
radically cured if it be besmeared with the said paste after it has been sprink-
led with sugar and sesamum mixed with milk and water and then fumigated.
194. Exudation of trees is stopped if one applies to it the barks of
Priyaṅgū, Vara Karkārī, Vetasa and Arjuna pasted with and boiled in milk.
XIV. HERE BEGINS THE SECTION CALLED VICHITRA KARANAM—
THE BOTANICAL MARVELS
195. The subject matter of the Vṛkṣāyurveda is not to be found any-
where outside the scriptures. Let us here deal with some botanical marvels.
196. If one applies to the root of a tree bearing scentless flowers, earth
(soil) scented (through association) with fragrant flowers, and then sprinkle it
with decoction of Dhava and Khadira barks, and besmears it with sandal
dusts and then fumigates it with clarified butter and frankincense, it bears very
fragrant flowers.
197. When one applies barley, sesamum, Niśā and powdered bark
of Palāśa tree to the root of a cotton tree, and sprinkles it with the decoction
made up of those things it yields fibres, as red as burning fire.
198. If barks of Śālmalī, turmeric, indigo, triphalā (three fruits), kuṣṭha
and rock salt be powdered and mixed with wine, and be applied to the
roots of a cotton tree, it yields fibres as yellow as the feather of a Śuka bird.
199. If mañjiṣṭhā, tila, yava, pītasāra, leaves of Jīvantī, powdered
Manaḥśilā (a kind of red mineral) be pasted together in the milk either of
she-goat, cow or of sheep, and applied to the root of a cotton tree it produces
fibres as blue as the sky.

86 UPAVANA VINODA
200. If the cut stem of a tree (cuttings) be besmeared with boiled sugar-
cane juice, and sugar-cane juice be applied to its roots, it bears flowers out of
season.
201. If sesamum oil-cakes, viḍaṅga, and cowdung, be applied to the root
of a tree, and is sprinkled with sugar-cane juice, it produces flowers out of
season which are very pleasing to all men.
202. If yaṣṭimadhu, sugar, kuṣṭha, flowers of Madhuka be pasted
together and applied to the root of a tree it produces fruits without seeds
within.
203. One should cut a big disc of bark from the trunk of a tree so as
to make a hole fit enough for taking in medicine, fill it up with the flowers
of Madhuka, Guñjā, śarkarā, ripe udumbara and honey, and then replace
the said disc and besmear the affected parts with the dung of calves, bind
it and apply to it any sweet liquid ; (if this is done) the tree is sure to bear
stoneless fruits.
204. If the branches of a tree are well wrapped with the neck skins
of goats recently killed its fruits never ripen.
205. If the root of a tree is pierced (injected) with the gullet of the
monkey that has been rubbed with the exudation of an elephant, its fruits do
not ripen within a year of the process.
206. If the branch of a tree is wrapped in straw and leather, and is
pasted over with viḍaṅga, honey and milk, and if milk and water is
sprinkled over it, it bears ripe fruits for a long time to come.
207. All kinds of seeds marvellously sprout and fructify when sprinkled
with the decoction of fish, pig's flesh, fat and milk compounded together,
and then fumigated.
208. If a seed is repeatedly bathed in oil extracted out of the Aṅkola
fruit mixed with the fat of pig and porpoise, and then sown in earth and
sprinkled over with spring water, it sprouts in no time.
209-210. The seeds of mango and other trees if bathed for a long
time in a decoction of fish, viḍaṅga, Aṅkola oil, milk and clarified butter
and then sown, the trees that sprout of them assume gigantic size. And
if that seed is repeatedly rubbed with the ashes of cowdung,dried and sown,
a fruitful tree which sprouts from it, becomes delightful to all.
211. If pomegranate seeds are treated 21 times in the blood of hen,
within a short time trees sprout out of them and fructify (when sown).
212. The seeds, that are treated with the compound made up of fish,
pig's fat, flesh and ashes of gram, when sown develop very soon into trees full
of flowers and fruits.
213. The tree whose trunk is strongly pierced from all directions with
bones of pig, never dries or perishes.

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 87
214. A tree becomes devoid of fruits and flowers if sprinkled over with
the decoction made up of kulattha, or that made up of Palāśa, Arjuna and
Tarkāri together with salt.
215. If bulbs are wrapped with fibres of water-lily, and their roots bes-
meared with honey and clarified butter variously coloured, and then sown, the
flowers that grow out of them correspond to the colour of the clarified butter
and honey.
216. If the seeds of water-lily are rubbed with the stools and urine of
buffalo, dried for seven days and sown, out of them sprout Karavīra trees.
217. If the seeds of gourd, brinjal, patola and such other plants be
treated with fat and then sown in purified (prepared) ground, and water be
sprinkled over them, the fruits that grow out of them become big and seedless.
218. If one digs a deep pit and besmears the bottom of it with cowdung
and sow in it the seeds of Brinjal rubbed with honey and ghee, dried in the
sun and bathed in the juice of green gourd, the plants that grow out of them
when developed bear abundant fruits.
219. If earth (soil) and cowdung and ghee compounded together be
applied to the root of a gourd creeper coming out of the hole of a Mandār
tree, it always bears fruits.
220. If Castor seeds be bathed in the fat and blood of pigs and treated in
Aṅkola oil and sown, Kārañji fruits grow out of them, which is really a
wonder.
221. If one thrusts a rod in the stool of ass and horse and then heat
it on fire, and then pierce it slantingly into the trunk of a plantain tree, the
fruits that tree will produce, will be as big as the trunk of an elephant.
222. If one sprinkles the infusion of the blood and fat of boar and
Aṅkola oil over a plantain tree it bears pomegranate fruits.
223. When a plantain tree is sprinkled over with the flesh, fat and blood
of man, and the powders of elephant's tusks dissolved in water it produces
mango fruits.
224-225. If one applies to the root of a mango tree broth of human
flesh and Aṅkola oil mixed with goat's milk and sesamum paste, it always
bears fruits abunduntly like vines, which is certainly a wonderful thing.
226. If mango seeds be repeatedly treated in the blood of hare and
tortoise, and if milk be sprinkled over the trees that grow out of them, they
always bear fruits.
227. If one applies to the Nimba tree, which is naturally of bitter juice,
the paste made up of viḍaṅga, yaṣṭimadhu, molasses and milk, and
sprinkle it with water and milk, it produces sweet fruits.
228. Whatever seeds one sows after having treated them with
human flesh and Aṅkola oil and with some earth in one's hand at the

88 UPAVANA VINODA
time of sowing, and sprinkle some water over them, they always produce
good fruits.
229. One should treat the bulbs of water-lily in Aṅkola oil, and keep it
in cowdung for some time, and then put it in a water pot full of hail
water and mud,—then flowers will surely come out of them.
230. One should purify (treat) a pit with burnt powders of the bone and
dung of cow and pig, then fill the pit with sands and sow the seeds of radish
in it, and the radish will be as big as the pit.
231. If one digs a pit in the ground with bricks all around, 4½ cubits
deep, and plants a tree in it (pit), it (the tree) always remains dwarfish and
bears flowers and fruits.
XV. HERE BEGINS THE SECTION CALLED ANNADINISHPATTI
JNANA—THE ASCERTAINMENT OF THE PRICES
AND GROWTH OF THINGS
232. One should do well to ascertain the cheapness of things as well as
the growth of corns through observation of the growth of leaves, and flowers
and fruits of trees.
233. One should predict the abundance of barley on seeing the luxurious
growth of the leaves and flowers and fruits of Banyan trees, of that of Śāli
rice through similar growth in Tinduka trees, and of all kinds of crops through
similar growth in Aśvattha.
234. One should do well to predict the growth of Māṣa from the
abundance of leaves, flowers and fruits of Jambū tree, of Mudga from
abundunce of the same things in Śirīṣa tree, of Godhūma from Madhuka
tree, and of Yava from Saptaparṇa tree.
235. One should predict the abundance of elephants from the
abundance (of leaves, flowers and fruits) of Hastikarṇa tree, of horses from
that of Aśvakarṇa, of cows from Pātalā trees, and of goats from plantain
trees.
236. Growth of leaves, flowers and fruits in Mango trees indicates the
prosperity of a country, that of Vallātaka trees indicates various causes of fear,
that of Pīlu tree indicates relief from diseases and that of Khadira and
Śamī trees forebodes famine, and that of Arjuna tree abundance of good
rain.
237. Abundance of flowers of Pichumanda and Nāgakeśara trees
indicates abundance of corns in a country, that of Kapittha means the chances
of storm, that of Vetasa means fear of drought, and that of Kutaja fear of
diseases.

APPENDIX
12

इस पृष्ठ पर कोई पठनीय पाठ (text) उपलब्ध नहीं है; यह एक रिक्त पृष्ठ (blank page) प्रतीत होता है।

भद्रप्रदवृक्षाः ॥
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
आश्रमे नारिकेलश्च गृहिणाञ्च धनप्रदः ।
शिबिरस्य यदीशाने पूर्वे पुत्रप्रदस्तरुः ॥
सर्वत्र मङ्गलार्हश्च तरुराजो मनोहरः ।
रसालवृक्षः पूर्वस्मिन् नृणां सम्पत्प्रदस्तथा ॥
शुभप्रदश्च सर्वत्र सुरकारो निशामय ।
बिल्वश्च पनसश्चैव जम्बीरी बदरी तथा ॥
प्रजाप्रदश्च पूर्वस्मिन् दक्षिणे धनदस्तथा ।
सम्पत्प्रदश्च सर्वत्र यतो हि वर्द्धते गृही ।
जम्बूवृक्षश्च दाड़िम्बः कदल्याम्रातकस्तथा ॥
बन्धुप्रदश्च पूर्वस्मिन् दक्षिणे मित्रदस्तथा ।
सर्वत्र शुभदश्चैव धनपुत्रशुभप्रदः ॥
हर्षप्रदो गुवाकश्च दक्षिणे पश्चिमे तथा ।
ईशाने सुखदश्चैव सर्वत्रैवं निशामय ॥
सर्वत्र चम्पकः शुद्धो भुवि भद्रप्रदस्तथा ।
अलावूश्चापि कुष्माण्डो मायाम्बुश्च सुकासुकः ॥
खर्जूरी कर्कटी चापि शिबिरे मङ्गलप्रदा ।
वास्तूकः कारविल्वश्च वार्त्ताकुश्च शुभप्रदा ।
लताफलञ्च शुभदं सर्वं सर्वत्र निश्चितम् ॥
निषिद्धवृक्षा यथा,—
प्रशस्तं कथितं कारो ! निषिद्धञ्च निशामय ।
वन्यवृक्षो निषिद्धश्च शिबिरे नगरेऽपि च ॥
बटो निषिद्धः शिबिरे नित्यं चौरभयं ततः ।
नगरेषु प्रसिद्धश्च दर्शनात् पुण्यदस्तथा ॥
हे कारो ! तिन्तिड़ीवृक्षो यत्नात्तं परिवर्जयेत् ।
शरणे धनहानिः स्यात् प्रजाहानिर्भवेद्ध्रुवम् ॥

92 UPAVANA VINODA
शिविरेऽतिनिषिद्धश्च प्राज्ञस्तं परिवर्जयेत् ।
खर्जूरश्च डहुश्चैव निषिद्ध शिबिरे तथा ॥
न निषिद्धः प्रसिद्धश्च ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ।
वृक्षाश्च चम्पकादीनां धान्यञ्च मङ्गलप्रदम् ॥
ग्रामेषु नगरे चापि शिबिरे च तथैव च ।
इक्षुवृक्षश्च शुभदः सन्ततं शुभदस्तथा ॥
अशोकश्च शिरीषश्च कदम्बश्च शुभप्रदः ।
कच्ची हरिद्रा शुभदा शुभदश्चाद्रकस्तथा ॥
हरितकी च शुभदा ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ।
न वात्यां भद्रता नित्यं तथा चामलकी ध्रुवम् ॥¹
अपुत्रस्य च पुत्रत्वं पादपा इह कुर्वते ।
यत्नेनापि च राजेन्द्र ! अश्वत्थारोपणम् कुरु ॥
स ते पुत्रसहस्राणां कार्यमेकः करिष्यति ।
धनी चाश्वत्थवृक्षेण अशोकः शोकनाशनः ॥
प्लक्षो यज्ञप्रदः प्रोक्तो निम्बश्चायुप्रदः स्मृतः ।
जम्बुकी नाकदा प्रोक्ता भार्यादा दाड़िमी तथा ॥
डुम्बरो रोगनाशाय पलाशो ब्रह्मदस्तथा ।
अर्कपुष्पारोपणान् नित्यं तुष्येद्दिवाकरः ॥
श्रीवृक्षः शङ्करो देवः पाटलायान्तु पार्वती ।
शिंशपायामप्सरसः कुन्दे गन्धर्वसत्तमाः ॥
विभीतके दासवृद्धिर्वकुलो दास्यदस्तथा ।
अपत्यनाशकस्तालो वकुलः कुलवर्द्धनः ॥
बहुभार्या नारिकेली द्राक्षः सर्वाङ्गसुन्दरः ।
रतिप्रदा तथा केली केतकी सर्वनाशिनी ।
प्रतिष्ठां ते गमिष्यन्ति ये नराः प्लक्षरोपकाः ॥²
¹ ब्रह्मवैवर्त्ते श्रीकृष्ण जन्मखण्डे १०२ अध्यायः।
Śabdakalpadruma, vol. 4, pp. 475-476, Radhakanta Deb edition, Calcutta, Śakābda 1814.
² पद्मपुराणे सृष्टिखण्डे वृक्षारोपणम् नाम २६ अध्यायः।

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 93
वृक्षस्य रोपणफलम्।
यम उवाच।
यः पुमान् रोपयेद्वृक्षान् छायापुष्पफलोपगान्।
सर्व्वसत्त्वोपभोगाय स याति परमां गतिम्॥
छायापुष्पोपगांस्त्रिं'शत् फलपुष्पद्रुमांस्तथा।
रोपयित्वा दशांश्चांस्तु नरो न नरकं व्रजेत्॥
देवदानवगन्धर्व्वाः किन्नरोरगगुह्यकाः।
पशुपत्तिमनुष्याश्च संश्रयन्ति मुदा द्रुमान्॥
पुष्पैः सुरगणाः सर्व्वे फलैश्च पितरः सदा।
छायया च मनुष्यास्तु पशुपक्षिमृगास्तथा॥
पुष्पोपगन्धांश्च फलोपगन्धान्
यः पादपान्रोपयते मनुष्यः।
समृद्धदेशे वरवेश्मवेद्यां
लभेदधिष्ठानवरं स विप्रः॥
तस्मात् सुवहवो वृक्षा रो

94 UPAVANA VINODA
भूमि दानेन ये लोका गोदानेन च कीर्त्तिताः ।
ते लोकाः प्राप्यते पुंभिः पादपाणां प्ररोहणे ॥
अश्वत्थमेकं पिचुमर्दमेकं
न्यग्रोधमेकं दश पुष्पजातीः ।
द्वे द्वे तथा दाड़िममातुलुङ्गे
पञ्चाम्ररोपी नरकं न याति ॥
यथा सुपुत्रः कुलमुद्धरेद्धि
यथातिकृच्छ्राच्छियमप्रयत्नात् ।
तथात्र वृक्षाः फलपुष्पभूताः
स्वं स्वामिनं नरकादुद्धरन्ति ॥
गोकर्ण उवाच ।
इन्धनार्थं यथा नीतमग्निहोत्रं तदुच्यते ॥
छाया विश्राम पथिकैः पक्षिणां निलयेन च ।
पत्रमूलत्वगादींश्च औषधार्थन्तु देहिनाम् ॥
उपकुर्व्वन्ति वृत्तस्य पञ्चयज्ञः स उच्यते ।
गृहकृत्यानि काष्ठानि क्षुद्रजन्तुगृहस्तथा ॥
सत्रनिर्व्वर्त्तनं प्रोक्तं भिक्ता पत्रैः समाकृता ।
फलन्ति वत्सरे मध्ये द्विवारं शाकुनादयः ॥
सांवत्सरं पितुर्मातुरुपकारं फलं कृतम् ।
एवं पुत्र समारोप्या एवं तत्वविदो विदुः ॥
अच्छेद्य वृक्षा यथा,—
अश्वत्थो वटवृक्षश्च न च्छेत्तव्यः कदाचन ।
न च्छेत्तव्यो विल्ववृक्ष उडुम्बरश्च कदाचन ।
कर्म्मरङ्गाश्चैव ये वृक्षा न च्छेत्तव्याः कदाचन ॥¹
वृक्षच्छेदने दोषः ।
तस्मान्न च्छेदयेत् वृक्षान सुपुष्पफलितान् कदा ।
यदीच्छेत् कुलवृद्धिञ्च धनवृद्धिञ्च शाश्वतीम् ॥
1 वाराहपुराणे गोकर्णमाहात्म्यानामाध्याय

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 95
सन्निधौ देवतानाञ्च शिलैष्टकचितानपि ।
छेदितांश्छेदयेल्लोकान् मरकवृष्टिक्षुद्भयैः ॥
नृपहानिर्भवेच्छीघ्रं चित्यावृक्षे निपातिते ।
सन्नियोगी व्यथां याति सीमावृक्षे निपातिते ।
तस्मान्न छेदयेद् वृक्षं देवताधिष्ठितं क्वचित् ॥
वापीकूपतड़ागानां छेदने रोधने कृते ।
कुलान्यकुलतां यान्ति नराणां सुदुरात्मनाम् ॥
तांश्च छेदयेद्यस्तु वृक्षान् छायासुशीतलान् ।
असिपत्रबने घोरे पीड्यते यमकिङ्करैः ॥
नगरोपवने वृक्षान् प्रमादाद्धि च्छिनत्ति यः ।
स गच्छेन्नरकं नाम जुम्भणं रौद्रदर्शनम् ॥
बिल्वादिपालनं कुर्याच्छुभं भयदमन्यथा ।
श्रीवृक्षान्रोपयेत् पञ्च यदि स्वर्गान्न हीयते ॥¹
वृक्षस्तु सफलं छित्त्वा सुवर्णं दण्डमर्हति ।
द्विगुणं दण्डयेच्चैनं पथिसीम्निजलाशये ॥
छेदनादफलस्यापि मध्यमं साहसं स्मृतम् ।
गुल्मवल्लीलतानाञ्च सुवर्णस्य च माषकम् ॥
वृक्षच्छेदी तृणस्यापि दण्ड्यः कार्षापणं भवेत् ।
विभागं कृष्णला दण्ड्याः प्राणिनस्ताडने तथा ॥
देशकालानुरूपेण मूल्यं राजा द्रुमादिषु ।
तत् स्वामिनस्तथा दण्ड्या दण्डमुक्तस्तु पार्थिवः ॥²
बृहत् संहिता । ५३ ॥³
अथ दकार्गलं व्याख्यायते ।
धर्म्यं यशस्यञ्च वदाम्यतोऽहं दकार्गलं येन जलोपलब्धिः ।
पुंसां यथाङ्गेषु शिरास्तथैव क्षितावपि प्रोन्नतनिम्नसंस्थाः ॥ १
1 अग्निपुराणे वारुणारामप्रतिष्ठाध्यायः ।
2 मत्स्यपुराणे २२७ अध्यायः ।
3 Vol. II, pp. 706-742. The Vizianagram Sanskrit Series. Vol. X, Benares, 1895-1897.
Additional texts in the footnote are quoted from the Commentary.

96 UPAVANA VINODA
एकेन वर्णेन रसेन चाम्भश्च्युतं नभस्तो वसुधाविशेषात् ।
नानारसत्वं बहुवर्णताञ्च गतं परीक्ष्यं क्षितितुल्य मेव ॥ २$^1$
पुरुहूतानलयमनिऋॄ तिवरुणापवनेन्दुशङ्करा देवाः ।
विज्ञातव्याः क्रमशः प्राच्यादीनां दिशां पतयः ॥ ३
दिक्पतिसंज्ञाश्च शिरा नवमी मध्ये महाशिरानाम्री ।
एताभ्योऽन्याः शतशो विनिःसृता नामभिः प्रथिताः ॥ ४
पातालानूर्द्धशिराः शुभाश्चतुर्दिक्षु संस्थितायाश्च ।
कोणे दिग्गुत्था न शुभाः शिरानिमित्तान्यतो वक्ष्ये ॥ ५
यदि वेतसोऽम्बुरहिते देशे हस्तैस्त्रिभिस्ततः पश्चात् ।
सार्द्धे पुरुषे तोयं बहति शिरा पश्चिमा तत्र ॥ ६
चिह्नपि चार्द्धपुरुषे मण्डूकः पाण्डुरोऽथ मृत् पीता ।
पुटभेदकश्च तस्मिन् पाषाणो भवति तोयमधः ॥ ७$^2$
जम्ब्वाश्चोदग्ध्यस्तैस्त्रिभिः शिराधो नरद्वये पूर्ब्बा ।
मृल्लोहगन्धिका पाण्डुराथ पुरुषेऽत्र मण्डूकः ॥ ८
जम्बूवृक्षस्य प्राग् वल्मीको यदि भवेत् समीपस्थः ।
तस्माद्दक्षिणपार्श्वे सलिलं पुरुषद्वये स्वादु ॥ ६
अर्द्धपुरुषे च मत्स्यः पारावतसन्निभश्च पाषाणः ।
मृद्भवति चात्र नीला दीर्घकाल बह्व च तोयम् ॥ १०$^3$
1 तथा च भट्टोत्पल—सशर्करा ताम्रमही कषायं क्षारं धरित्री कपिला करोति ।
आपाण्डुरायां लवणं प्रदिष्टमिष्टं पयो नीलवसुन्धरायाम् ॥
2 तथा च सारस्वतः—निर्जले वेतसं दृष्ट्वा तस्माद्ध्वचादपि त्रयम् ।
पश्चिमायां दिशि ज्ञेयमधः सार्धेन वै जलम् ॥
नरोऽत्र षष्टिर्द्विगुणा चाङ्गुलानां प्रकीर्त्तितः ।
तत्र खात्वाऽर्धपुरुषं भेकः पाण्डुरवर्णकः ॥
मृत् पीता पुटभेदश्च पाषाणोऽधस्ततो जलम् ।
शिरा पश्चिमदिक्स्थाच वहतीति विनिर्दिशेत् ॥
3 तथा च सारस्वतः—जम्बूवृक्षात् पूर्वभागे वल्मीको यदि दृश्यते
ततोदक्षिणतो हस्तांस्त्रींस्त्यक्ताऽधो जलं वदेत् ॥
नरद्वयेऽर्धपुरुषे मत्स्योऽश्मा पश्चिसन्निभः ।
ततोऽपि मृत्तिका नीला ततो भ्रष्टं जलं वदेत् ॥

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 97
पश्चादुदुम्बरस्य त्रिभिरेव करैर्नरद्वये सार्द्धे ।
पुरुषे सितोऽहिरश्माञ्जनोपमोऽधः शिरा सुजला ॥११
उदगर्जुनस्य दृश्यो वल्मीको यदि ततोऽर्जुनाद्धस्तैः ।
त्रिभिरम्बु भवति पुरुषैस्त्रिभिरर्द्धसमन्वितैः पश्चात् ॥१२
श्वेता गोधार्द्धनरे पुरुषे मृद्धूसरा ततः कृष्णा ।
पीता सिता ससिकता ततो जलं निर्दिशेदसितम् ॥१३
वल्मीकोपचितायां निर्गुण्ड्यां दक्षिणेन कथितकरैः ।
पुरुषद्वये सपादे स्वादुजलं भवति चाशोष्यम् ॥१४
रोहितमत्स्योऽर्द्धनरे मृत्कपिला पाण्डुरा ततः परतः ।
सिकता सशर्करोथ क्रमेण परतो भवत्यम्भः ॥१५
पूर्वेण यदि बदर्या वल्मीको दृश्यते जलं पश्चात् ।
पुरुषैस्त्रिभिरादेश्यं श्वेता गृहगोधिकाऽर्द्धनरे ॥१६¹
सपलाशा बदरी चेद् दिश्यपरस्यां ततो जलं भवति ।
पुरुषत्रये सपादे पुरुषेऽत च दुण्डुभिश्चिह्नम् ॥१७²
विल्वोदुम्बरयोगे विहाय हस्तत्रयं तु याम्येन ।
पुरुषैस्त्रिभिरम्बु भवेत् कृष्णोऽर्द्धनरे च मण्डूकः ॥१८
काकोदुम्बरिकायां वल्मीको दृश्यते शिरा तस्मिन् ।
पुरुषत्रये सपादे पश्चिमदिक्स्था वहति सा च ॥१९
अपाण्डुपीतिका मृद् गोरसवर्णाश्च भवति पाषाणः ।
पुरुषार्द्धे कुमुदनिभो दृष्टिपथं मूषको याति ॥२०
जलपरिहीने देशे वृत्तः कम्पिल्लुको यदा दृश्यः ।
प्राच्यां हस्तत्रितये वहति शिरा दक्षिणा प्रथमम् ॥२१
1 तथा च सारस्वतः—पूर्वभागं वदर्याश्च वल्मीको दृश्यते जलम् ।
पश्चाद्धस्तत्रये वाच्यं खाते तु पुरुषत्रये ॥
अधःखातेऽर्धपुरुषे दृश्यते गृहगोधिका ।
श्वेतवर्णा ततोऽधःस्थं जलं भवति निर्मलम् ॥
2 ,, ,, ,, पलाशयुक्ता बदरी यत्र दृश्या ततोऽपरि ।
हस्तत्रयादधस्तीयं सपादे पुरुषत्रये ॥
नरे तु दुण्डुभः सर्पो निर्विषश्चिह्नमेव च ।
अधस्तीये च सुस्वादु दीर्घकालं प्रवाहितम् ॥
13

98 UPAVANA VINODA
मृन्नीलोत्पलवर्णा कपोता चैव दृश्यते तस्मिन् ।
हस्तेऽजगन्धिमत्स्यो भवति पयोऽल्पञ्च सक्षारम् ॥ २२¹
शोणाकतरोरपरोत्तरे शिरा द्वौ करावतिक्रम्य ।
कुमुदा नाम शिरा सा पुरुषत्रयवाहिनी भवति ॥ २३
आसन्नो वल्मीको दक्षिणपार्श्वे विभीतकस्य यदि ।
साध्यर्द्धं तस्य शिरा पुरुषे ज्ञेया दिशि प्राच्याम् ॥ २४
तस्यैव पश्चिमाया दिशि वल्मीको यदा भवेद्धस्ते ।
तत्रोद्ग् भवति शिरा चतुर्भिरर्द्धाधिकैः पुरुषैः ॥ २५
श्वेतो बिम्बम्बरकः प्रथमे पुरुषे तु कुङ्कुमाभोऽश्मा ।
अपरस्यां दिशि च शिरा नश्यति वर्षत्रयेऽतीते ॥ २६
सकुशासित पेशान्यां वल्मीको यत्र कोविदारस्य ।
मध्ये तयोर्नरैरर्द्धपञ्चमैस्तोयमत्तोभ्यम् ॥ २७
प्रथमे पुरुषे भुजगः कमलोदरसन्निभो मही रक्ता ।
कुरुविन्दुः पाषाणश्चिह्नान्येतानि वाच्यानि ॥ २८
यदि भवति सप्तपर्णो वल्मीकवृतस्तदुत्तरे तोयम् ।
वाच्यं पुरुषैः पञ्चभिरत्रापि भवन्ति चिह्नानि ॥ २९
पुरुषार्द्धे मण्डूको हरितो हरितालसन्निभा भूश्च ।
पाषाणोऽभ्रनिकाशः सौम्या च शिरा शुभाम्बुवहा ॥ ३०³
1 तथा च सारस्वतः—निर्जले यत्र कम्पिल्लो दृष्टस्तस्मात् करत्रये ।
प्राच्यां विभिन्नरैर्वारि सा भवेद्दक्षिणा शिरा ॥
अधौ नीलोत्पलाभासा मृत् कापोतप्रभा क्रमात् ।
हस्तेऽजगन्धको मत्स्यो जलमल्पमशोभनम् ॥
2 ” ” ” विभीतकस्य याम्यायां वल्मीको यदि दृश्यते ।
करद्वयान्तरे पूर्व्वे सार्द्धे च पुरुषे जलम् ॥
3 तथा च सारस्वतः—भुजङ्गगेहसंयुक्तो यत्र स्यात् सप्तपर्णकः ।
ततः सौम्ये हस्तमात्रात् पञ्चभिः पुरुषैरधः ॥
वाच्यं जलं नरार्द्धे तु मण्डूकी हरितो भवेत् ।
हरितालनिभा भूश्च मेघाभोऽश्मा ततः शिरा ।
उत्तरा सुजला ज्ञेया दीर्घा मृष्टाम्ब वाहिनी ॥

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 99
सर्व्वेषां वृक्षाणामधःस्थितो दर्द्दु रो यदा दृश्यः ।
तस्माद्धस्ते तोयं चतुर्भिरर्द्धाधिकैः पुरुषैः ॥ ३१
पुरुषे तु भवति नकुलो नीला मृत् पीतिका ततः श्वेता ।
दर्द्दूरसमानरूपः पाषाणो दृश्यते चात्र ॥ ३२¹
यद्यहिनिलयो दृश्यो दक्षिणतः संस्थितः करञ्जस्य ।
हस्तद्वये तु याम्ये पुरुषत्रितये शिरा सार्द्धे ॥ ३३
कच्छपकः पुरुषार्द्धे प्रथमं चोद्भिद्यते शिरा पूर्व्वा ।
उद्गन्धा स्वादुजला हरितोऽश्माधस्ततस्तोयम् ॥ ३४
उत्तरतश्च मधूकादहिनिलयः पश्चिमे तरोस्तोयम् ।
परिहृत्य पञ्चहस्तान् अर्द्धाष्टमपौरुषे प्रथमम् ॥ ३५
अहिराजः पुरुषेऽस्मिन् धूम्ना धात्री कुलत्थवर्णोऽश्मा ।
माहेन्द्री भवति शिरा वहति सफनं सदा तोयम् ॥ ३६
वल्मीकः स्निग्धो दक्षिणेण तिलकस्य सकुशदूर्व्वश्चेत् ।
पुरुषै पञ्चभिरम्भो दिशि वारुण्यां शिरा पूर्व्वा ॥ ३७²
सर्पावासः पश्चाद् यदा कदम्बस्य दक्षिणेन जलम् ।
परतो हस्तत्रितयात् षड्भिः पुरुषैस्तुरीयोन्नैः ॥ ३८
कौवेरी चात्र शिरा वहति जलं लोहगन्धिः चाक्षोभ्यम् ।
कनकनिभो मण्डूको नरमात्रे मृत्तिका पीता ॥ ३९
वल्मीकसंम्वृतो यदि तालो वा भवति नालिकेरः ।
पश्चात् षड्भिर्हस्तैर्नरैश्चतुर्भिः शिरा याम्या ॥ ४०
याम्येन कपित्थस्याहिसंश्रयश्चेदुदग्जलं वाच्यम् ।
सप्त परित्यज्य करान् खात्वा पुरुषान् जलं पञ्च ॥ ४१
1 तथा च सारस्वतः—तरूणां यत्र सर्वेषामधःस्थो दर्द्दु रो भवेत् ।
हस्तादुदग्दिशि जलं हस्तात् सार्द्धेनरैरधः ॥
चतुर्भिः पुरुषे खाते नकुलो नीलसृत्तिका ।
पीतश्च ता ततो भिकसदृशोऽश्मा प्रदश्यते ॥
2 ,, ,, ,, —तिलकाद्दक्षिणे स्निग्धेः कुशदूर्व्वासमायुतः ।
वल्मीकाच्चोत्तरे पञ्च हस्तान् सन्त्यज्य पश्चिमे।
नरैः पञ्चभिरम्भोऽधः शिरा पूर्वात्र विद्यते ॥