गुप्त अभिलेख संग्रह (जे. एफ. फ्लीट - गुप्त सम्राटों एवं परवर्ती नरेशों के ऐतिहासिक पाषाण व ताम्रलेख)

middle of Line 1:
There is a clear "शू" (loop with subscript u and śa) or "श"?
Wait, look at line 1, character 11:
... [शूलपाणेः] ...
Wait, let's search:
What is the first verse of Yashodharman's pillar inscription?
Let's recite:
1:
वेपन्ते यस्य ... wait, why did "वेपन्ते यस्य भीम-स्तनित" come to mind?
Wait, is it from another inscription, like Aphsad?
Aphsad:
"ॐ। शेषाहेर्भूय इत्थं शमित-भव-भयोत्कम्पम्..." no,
"मूर्त्तौ मन्द-धियाम्..."
What about Deo Baranark?
What about Junagadh of Skandagupta?
"श्रियं परार्द्ध्यां विदधातु विष्णोः..."
What about Eran pillar of Budhagupta?
"जयति विबुध-बन्धुः..."
What about Mandasor of Kumaragupta and Bandhuvarman?
"यो भास्वाञ्छुचि-रश्मिर्..."
What about Mandasor of Yasodharman and Vishnuvardhana (Fleet No. 35)?
"स जयति जगतां पतिः पिनाकी..."
WAIT!
"स जयति जगतां पतिः पिनाकी"!
Is THAT Fleet No. 35?
Yes! "

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surface inwards; and it is owing to this position, that the inscription has remained in so
perfect a state of preservation.—The writing covers the entire surface of the stone, with
a margin of from 1" to 1½"; and is in a state of excellent preservation almost throughout,
though there are just a few letters from which it was impossible to clear out the hard in-
crustation of lime, with which the writing was blocked up from beginning to end, sufficient-
ly for them to come out quite perfectly in the ink-impression, and so in the lithograph.
At the ends of lines 1, 2, and 3, a few letters have been lost by the edges of the stone
being chipped here; and at some other places a few letters have been damaged in the
same way. But the only place where the missing letters cannot be supplied, is at the
commencement of line 16.—The average size of the letters is about ¼". The characters
belong to the northern class of alphabets, and are of precisely the same type, being in
fact engraved by the same hand, with those of the Mandasôr duplicate pillar inscriptions
of Yaśôdharman, No. 33 above, page 142, and Plate xxiiB., and No. 34, page 149, and
Plate xxiiC. They include the very rare initial au, in aulikara, line 5; and the lingual
ḍh, in uḍûḍha and gâḍha, line 7; rûḍha, line 11; and ûḍha, line 18.—The language
is Saṁskṛit; and, except for the opening word siddham, and the two words at the
end recording the name of the engraver, the entire inscription is in verse.—In respect of
orthography, we have to notice (1) the use of the guttural nasal, instead of the anus-
vāra, before ś, in vaṅśa, lines 6 and 9; aṅśu, line 9; aṅśa, line 11; and abhraṅśin, line
12; (2) the use of the dental nasal, before s, in bhāyānsi, line 2, and yaśānsi, line 4;
though we have the more usual anusvāra in manāṁsi, line 22; (3) the doubling of t, in
conjunction with a following r, e.g. in śattru, line 4; kalattra, line 11; and pāriyāttra,
line 16; and (4), the doubling of dh, in conjunction with a following y and v, in addhyāsita,
line 16-17, and addhvani, line 18, though not in other places.
The inscription refers itself, in the first instance, to the time of Yaśôdharman,¹ here
called a tribal ruler,² whose name is already on record from his duplicate pillar inscriptions
at Mandasôr, No. 33 above, page 142, and No. 34, page 149. It then mentions a king³
named Vishṇuvardhana, who, though he had the titles of Rājādhirāja and Paramê-
śvara, would appear to have acknowledged a certain amount of supremacy on the part of
Yaśôdharman. Vishṇuvardhana's family is mentioned as the lineage that had the
aulikara-crest.⁴ The inscription is dated, in words, when the year five hundred and

¹ See page 145 above, note 2.
² janêndra; lit. 'a lord of a people or tribe.'
³ narâdhipati; lit. 'a chief ruler of men.'
⁴ aulikara-lâñchhana.—I have not been able to obtain any explanation of the word aulikara;
but it seems to denote either 'the hot-rayed (sun),' or 'the cool-rayed (moon).'—As regards lâñ-
chhana, 'a mark, sign, token, spot,' which I render by 'crest,' it is the technical term for the principal
emblem impressed by kings on the copper-seals attached to their charters, and is quite distinct from
the emblem on their dhvajas or banners. Thus, the Raṭṭas of Saundatti and Belgaum had the
suvarṇa-garuḍa-dhvaja or 'banner of a golden Garuḍa,' but the sindhura-lâñchhana or 'elephant-
crest' (e.g. line 43 of the Têrḍâḷ inscription of Śaka-Saṁvat 1045, &c.; Ind. Ant. Vol. XIV. p. 18, and
p. 24, note 24). So also the Kâdambas of Banawâsi, and also those of Goa, had the śâkhâcharêndra-
dhvaja or vânara-mahâdhvaja, 'the banner of a monkey, or of (Hanumat) the king of monkeys,' but
the siṁha-lâñchhana, or 'lion-crest,' which latter appears on the seals of their grants and on their
coins (e.g. line 28-29 of the Kargudari inscription of Śaka-Saṁvat 1030, Ind. Ant. Vol. X. p. 252;
and line 9 of the Golîhaḷḷi inscription, Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. IX. p. 296; see also, for the
seals of their grants, id. p. 230, No. 8, and Ind. Ant. Vol. XIV. p. 288; and, for their coins, Jour. Bo.
Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. xxiv.) The Chalukyas, in all their branches, had the varâha-lâñchhana

152 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
eighty-nine had expired from the tribal constitution of the Mâlavas, and, therefore, when
the year five hundred and ninety (A.D. 533-34) was current; but no further details of the
date are given. The opening invocations are addressed to the god Śiva. But the record
itself is non-sectarian; the object of it being only to record the construction of a large well
by a person named Daksha, the younger brother of Dharmadôsha, who was a minister
of Vishṇuvardhana, in memory of their deceased uncle Abhayadatta, who had formerly
held the same office for the tract of country bounded by the Vindhyas and the Pâriyâtra
mountain, and the (Western) Ocean.
The genealogy of this family of ministers is given; and it includes a somewhat notice-
able name in that of Bhânuguptâ, the wife of Daksha's grandfather, Ravikîrtti. Her
date would be just about one generation before that of the king Bhânugupta, for whom
we have the date of Gupta-Saṁvat 191 (A.D. 510-11) from the Êraṇ posthumous pillar
inscription of Gôparâja, No. 20 above, page 91, and Plate xiiB.; and the coincidence of
name and time is such, that it is almost impossible not to imagine some family connection
between him and her. Bhânugupta, of course, must have been a Kshatriya; and Bhânu-
gupta's husband, Ravikîrtti, was evidently a Brâhmaṇ. But the ancient Hindu law
authorised the marrying of Kshatriya wives by Brâhmaṇs. And we have an epigraphi-
cal instance of this practice in the Ghaṭôtkacha cave inscription of Hastibhôja, a minister
of the Vâkâṭaka Mahârâja Dêvasêna; it tells us that Hastibhôja's ancestor, the Brâhmaṇ
Sôma, "in accordance with the precepts of revelation and of tradition" married a
Kshatriya wife, through whom Hastibhôja was descended, in addition to some other wives
of the Brâhmaṇ caste, whose sons, and their descendants, applied themselves to the
study of the Vêdas.¹
TEXT.²
1 Siddham [॥*] Sa³ jayati jagatâṁ patiḥ Pinâkî smita-rava-gîtishu
yasya danta-kântiḥ। dyutir=iva taḍitâṁ niśi sphurantî tirayati
cha sphuṭayaty=adaś=cha viśvam॥ Svayambhûr⁴=bhûtânâṁ sthiti-
laya-[samu]-
2 tpatti-vidhishu prayuktô yên=âjñâṁ vahati bhuvanânâṁ vidhṛitayê।
pitṛitvaṁ ch=ânîtô jagati garimâṇaṁ gamayatâ sa Śambhur=bhûyâṁsi
pratidiśatu bhadrâṇi bhava[tâṁ]॥ Phaṇa⁵-maṇi-guru-bhâr-[âkk]r[â]-
3 nti-dûr-âvanamraṁ sthagayati rucham=indôr=mmaṇḍalaṁ yasya mûrdhnâm [।*]
sa śirasi vinibadhnan=randhriṇîm=asthi-mâlâṁ sṛijatu bhava-sṛijô vaḥ
klêśa-bhaṅgaṁ bhujaṅgaḥ॥ Shashṭyâ⁶ sahasraiḥ Sagar-âtmajânâṁ
khâta[ḥ]
‘boar-crest,’ which appears on the seals of all their charters, and on their coins; and the special con-
nection of the lâñchhana with the śâsana or ‘charter,’ is shewn by a passage in lines 73 ff. of the
Korumelli grant of Râjarâja II., “on whose charter the mighty form, that of the first boar, of
(the god) Vishṇu, which lifted up the entire circle of the earth on the tip of (its right-hand) tusk, be-
came in a pleasing way the crest” (id. Vol. XIV. p. 85)
¹ Archæol. Surv. West. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 140 and note.
² From the original stone.
³ Metre, Pushpitâgrâ.
⁴ Metre, Śikhariṇî.
⁵ Metre, Mâlinî.
⁶ Metre, Upajâti of Indravajrâ and Upêndravajrâ.

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS : No. 35, PLATE XXII. 153

4 kha-tulyâṁ rucham=âdadhânaḥ । asy=ôdapan-âdhipatêś=chirâya yaśâṁsi pâyât=
payasâṁ vidhâtâ ॥ Atha¹ jayati janêndraḥ śrî-Yaśôdharmma-
nâmâ pramada-vanam=iv=ântaḥ śattru-sainyaṁ vigâhya vraṇa-
5 kisalaya-bhaṅgair=yyô=ṅga-bhûshâṁ vidhattê taruṇa-taru-latâ-vad=vîra-kîrttîr=
vvinâmya ॥ Âjau² jiti vijayatê jagatîm=punaś=cha śrî-Vishṇuvarddhana-
narâdhipatiḥ sa êva । prakhyâta aulikara-lâñchhana âtma-
6 vaṁśô yên=ôdit-ôdita-padaṁ gamitô garîyaḥ ॥ Prâchô nṛipân=su-bṛihataś=
cha bahûn=udîchaḥ sâmnâ yudhâ cha vaśa-gân=pravidhâya yena [।*]
nâm=âparaṁ jagati kântam=adô durâpaṁ râjâdhirâja-paramê-
7 śvara ity=udûḍham ॥ Snigdha³-śyâm-âmbud-âbhaiḥ sthagita-dinakritô
yajvanâm=âjya-dhûmair=ambhô-mêghyaṁ Maghôn=âvadhishu vidadhatâ
gâḍha-sampanna-sasyâḥ । saṁharshâd=vâṇinînâṁ kara-rabhasa-hṛit-ô-
8 dyâna-chût-âṅkur-âgrâ râjanvantô ramantê bhuja-vijita-bhuvâ bhûrayô yêna
dêśâḥ ॥ Yasy⁴=ôtkêtabhir=unmada-dvipa-kara-vyâviddha-lôdhra-drumair=
uddhûtêna van-âdhvani dhvani-nadad-Vindhyâdri-randhrair=bbalaiḥ balê-
9 ya-chchhavi-dhûmarêṇa rajasâ mand-âṁśu saṁlakshyatê paryâvṛitta-
śikhaṇḍi-chandraka iva dhyâmam ravêr=mmaṇḍalam ॥ Tasya⁵
prabhôr=vvaṁśa-kṛitâṁ nṛipânâṁ pâd-âśrayâd=viśruta-puṇya-kîrttiḥ ।
bhṛityaḥ sva-naibhṛitya-jit-â-
10 ri-shaṭka âsîd=vaśyân=kila Shashṭhidattaḥ ॥ Himavata⁶ iva Gâṅgas=
tuṅga-namraḥ pravâhaḥ śaśabhṛita iva Rêvâ-vâri-râśiḥ prathîyân [।*]
param=abhigamanîyaḥ śuddhimân=anvavâyô yata udita-gari-
11 mnas=tâyatê Naigamânâm ॥ Tasy⁷=ânukûlaḥ kulajât=kalattrât=sutaḥ
prasûtô yaśasâṁ prasûtiḥ । Harêr=iv=âṁśaṁ vaśinaṁ var-ârhaṁ
Varâhadâsaṁ yam=udâharanti ॥ Sukṛiti⁸-vishayi-tuṅgaṁ rûḍha-mûlaṁ
12 dharâyâṁ sthitim=apagata-bhaṅgâṁ sthêyasîm=âdadhânam [।*] guru-śikharam=
iv=âdrês=tat-kulaṁ sv-âtma-bhûtyâ ravir=iva Ravikîrttiḥ su-prakâśaṁ
vyadhatta ॥ Bibhratâ⁹ śubhram=a-bhraṁśi smârttaṁ vartm=ôchitaṁ
satâm [।*] na visaṁbvâ(va)-
13 ditâ yêna Kalâv=api kulinatâ ॥ Dhuta-dhî-dîdhiti-dhvântân=havirbhuja
iv=âdhvarân [।*] Bhânuguptâ tataḥ sâdhvî tanayâṁs=trîn=ajîjanat ॥
Bhagavaddôsha ity=âsît=prathamaḥ kâryya-vartmasu । âla-
14 mbanam bândhavânâm=Andhakânâm=iv=Ôddhavaḥ ॥ Bahu¹⁰-naya-vidhi-Vêdhâ
gahvarê=py=artha-mârggê Vidura iva vidûraṁ prêkshaya prêkshamâṇaḥ ।
vachana-rachana-bandhê saṁskṛita-prâkṛitê yaḥ kavibhir=udi-
15 ta-râgaṁ gîyatê gîr-abhijñaḥ ॥ Praṇidhi-dṛig-anugantrâ yasya bauddhêna
ch=âkshṇâ na niśi tanu davîyô v=âsty=a-dṛishṭaṁ dharittryâm [।*]
padam=udayi dadhânô=nantaraṁ tasya ch=âbhût=sa bhayam=Abhayadattô
nâma .

¹ Metre, Mâlinî.
² Metre, Vasantatilaka ; and in the next verse.
³ Metre, Sragdharâ.
⁴ Metre, Śârdûlavikrîḍita
⁵ Metre, Indravajrâ.
⁶ Metre, Mâlinî.
⁷ Metre, Upajâti of Indravajrâ and Upêndravajrâ.
⁸ Metre, Mâlinî.
⁹ Metre, Ślôka (Anushṭubh) ; and in the next two verses.
¹⁰ Metre, Mâlinî ; and in the next verse.

W.

154 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
16 chi[nva?]n=prajânâṁ || Vindhyasy¹=âvandhya-karmmâ śikhara-taṭa-patat-
pâṇḍu-Rêv-âmbu-râśêr=ggôlângûlaiḥ sa-hêlaṁ pluti-namita-tarôḥ
Pâriyâttrasya ch=âdrêḥ | â sindhôr=antarâlaṁ nija-śuchi-sachiv-
âddhyâ-
17 sit-ânêka-dêśaṁ râjasthânîya-vṛit[t*]yâ suragurur=iva yô varṇṇinâṁ
bhûtayê=pât || Vihita²-sakala-varṇṇ-âsaṅkaraṁ śânta-ḍimbaṁ Kṛita iva
kṛitam=êtad=yêna râjyaṁ nirâdhi | sa dhuram=ayam=idânîṁ
18 Dôshakumbhasya sûnur=guru vahati tad-ûḍhâṁ dharmmatô Dharmmadô-
shaḥ || Sva-sukham=an-ativâchchha(ñchha)n=durggamê=ddhvany=a-saṅgaṁ
dhuram=ati-guru-bhârâṁ yô dadhad=bhartur=arthê | vahati nṛipati-vêshaṁ
kêvalaṁ lakshma-mâttraṁ
19 valinam-iva vilambaṁ kambalaṁ bâhulêyaḥ || Upahita-hita-rakshâ-maṇḍanô
jâti-ratnair=bhuja iva pṛithul-âṁsas=tasya Dakshaḥ kanîyân [।*]
mahad=idam=udapânaṁ khâtayâm-âsa bibhra-
20 ch=chhruti-hṛidaya-nitânt-ânandi nirddôsha-nâma || Sukh³-âśrêya-chchhâyaṁ
pariṇati-hita-svâdu-phala-daṁ gajêndrêṇ=ârugṇaṁ drumam-iva Kṛitântêna
balinâ | pitṛivyaṁ prôddiśya priyam=Abhayadattaṁ pri-
21 thu-dhiyâ prathîyas=tên=êdaṁ kuśalam=iha karmm=ôparachitaṁ || Pañchasu⁴
śatêshu śaradâṁ yâtêshv=êkân-na-navati-sahitêshu | Mâlava-gaṇa-sthiti-
vaśât=kâla-jñânâya likhitêshu || Ya-
22 smin⁵=kâlê kala-mṛidu-giraṁ kôkilânâṁ pralâpâ bhindant=îva Smara-
śara-nibhâḥ prôshitânâṁ manâṁsi | bhṛiṅg-âlînâṁ dhvanir=anu-vanaṁ
bhâra-mandraś=cha yasminn=âdhûta-jyaṁ dhanur=iva nadach=chhrûyatê pushpa-
23 kêtôḥ || Priyatama⁶-kupitânâṁ râmayan=baddha-râgaṁ kisalayam=iva
mugdhaṁ mânasaṁ mâninînâṁ [।*] upanayati nabhasvân=mâna-bhaṅgâya
yasmin=kusuma-samaya-mâsê tattra nirmmâpitô=yam ||
24 Yâvat⁷=tuṅgair=udanvân=kiraṇa-samudayaṁ saṅga-kântaṁ taraṅgair=âliṅgann=
indu-bimbaṁ gurubhir=iva bhujaiḥ saṁvidhattê suhṛittâṁ [।*] bibhrat=
saudh-ânta-lêkhâ-valaya-parigatiṁ muṇḍa-mâlâm=iv=âyaṁ sat-kûpas=
tâvad=â-
25 stâm=amṛita-sama-rasa-svachchha-vishyandit-âmbuḥ || Dhîmâṁ(n)⁸ Dakshô
dakshiṇaḥ satya-sandhô hrîmâṁch=chhûrô vṛiddha-sêvî kṛitajñaḥ |
baddh-ôtsâhaḥ svâmi-kâryyêshv=a-khêdî nirddôshô=yaṁ pâtu dharmmaṁ
chirâya || Utkîrṇṇâ⁹ Gôvindêna ||
TRANSLATION.
Perfection has been attained! Victorious is he, (the god) Pinâkin, the lord of
(all) the worlds,—in whose songs, hummed with smiles, the splendour of (his) teeth, like
the lustre of lightning sparkling in the night, envelops and brings into full view all this
¹ Metre, Sragdharâ. ² Metre, Mâlinî; and in the next two verses.
³ Metre, Śikhariṇî. ⁴ Metre, Âryâ.
⁵ Metre, Mandâkrântâ. ⁶ Metre, Mâlinî.
⁷ Metre, Sragdharâ. ⁸ Metre, Śâlinî.
⁹ Supply praśastiḥ.

Here is the transcription of the Mandasor Stone Inscription of Yashodharman and Vishnuvardhana (Malava Samvat 589 / c. 532 CE), preserved in the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III (Fleet, 1888), Plate XXII:

Header

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, Vol. III, Plate xxii
Mandasor Inscription of Yasodharman and Vishnuvardhana
(The original plate is oriented landscape; the text runs horizontally in 24 lines).

Devanagari Inscription Text

सिद्धम् [॥] स जयति जगतां पतिः पिनाकी फण-मणि-रीति-मरीचि-भासितानाम् [।] कर-रुह-किरणैर्ज्जितास्थि-खण्डां सुरुचिर-रूप-चमत्कृतिं दधानः [॥]
शशि-भृत इव शम्भोरर्क-रश्मि-प्रतानः कपपि-कनक-पिङ्गस्तप्त-जाम्बूनदाभः [।] दिशतु शुभ-फलानि प्राप-तारा-तारा-तारा-राविशुद्धो भुवन-भवन-दीपाः कामिनो भानु-मूर्त्तेः [॥]
स्रि-भुवन-जय-धाम धाम-वन्तं प्रकाशं शशि-रुचि-सित-कान्त्या कान्त-मूर्त्तावलम्बी [।] जनयतु तव सिद्धिं लोक-लोकोत्तरोऽयं विरचयतु समृद्धिं सर्व्वतो भानु-बिम्बः [॥]
जयति जगदुपादान-हेतुः स्वभावः प्रवितत-तनुरन्तर्यामिनी सूक्ष्म-मूर्तिः [।] अपरिणमित-नानामूर्ति-भूतात्म-धाता शम-दम-मुनि-गम्यः साङ्ख्य-सिद्धान्ति-गीतः [॥]
अथ जयति जनेन्द्रः श्री-यशोधर्म्म-नामा सुर-पति-सम-वीर्य्यो मेदिनी-मण्डलैशाः [।] प्रह्व-नृपति-किरीट-प्रोल्लसद्रत्न-पाश्वैः समुचित-मणि-राजिः संस्तुतो विप्र-मुख्यैः [॥]
क्षितिमवनत-शत्रुर्भूभुजां श्री-निकेतः सम-विषम-सहानां विष्टरेष्वाससञ्ज [।] पर-हित-विधि-दक्षा दक्षिणस्या दिशोऽस्या धृत-विपुलो-यशः-श्री-भूषितो विष्णुवर्द्धः [॥]
व्यधुष्ट-नृप-पताका-वाहिनी-व्यूह-शालिन्-मुकुट-कनकमिश्रैः पट्टिका-कान्त-चूलैः [।] अविकल-पद-लक्ष्मी-संश्रया भ्राजिष्णु-मूर्त्तिर्नियम-शमित-शत्रुर्विष्णुवर्द्धो जनौघैः [॥]
स जयति जित-भूभृन्मण्डलो लोक-पालः शशिशिखर-जटा-जूटाभ्र-विभ्रान्त-कान्तिः [।] निचित-तर-यशश्च-स्तोमसम्पन्न-देहः प्रभव-सकल-सामन्तानुकम्पी नृपेन्द्रः [॥]
तस्य च नृपति-मुख्यास्यात्म-तुल्य-प्रभावः कुल-विभव-विनीतः प्रांशुरिन्द्रानुकारी [।] भुज-युगल-धराया भर्त्तरुन्मृष्ट-शत्रुर्मति-सचिव-धुरीणो मान-हेतुर्बभूव [॥]
रविरिव रुचिर-तेजा मन्त्र-दृग्ज्ञान-नेत्रः शशधर इव कान्त्या पूरिताशेष-विश्वः [।] वरुण इव गभीरो वीत-दोषोऽभिरामो यम इव जित-दण्डः साधु-वृत्तेषु वश्यः [॥]
स नृप-पति-नियोगी सर्व्व-कार्य्येषु दक्षः स्व-कुल-कुमुद-चन्द्रः कीर्त्तिकान्त-प्रमोदः [।] नय-विनय-विशिष्टः श्री-वराह-प्रणीतः प्रणयि-जन-मनोज्ञो राज-कार्य्येषु युक्तः [॥]
पञ्चसु शतेषु शरदां यातेष्वेकान्न-नवति-सहितेषु [।] मालव-गण-स्थितिवशात्काल-ज्ञानाय लिखितेषु [॥]
फाल्गुन-मास-प्रथिते शुक्ल-पक्षे दिने कृत-सपर्य्ये [।] इदमुदपानं परमं पुण्य-निधिं निर्ममे धीमान् [॥]
अलिकुल-दल-नील-स्वच्छ-विस्तीर्ण-तोयं विविध-कमल-गर्भ-भ्रान्त-भृङ्गोपगीतम् [।] सुर-भवन-निकाशं तृप्त-तर्ष-प्रशान्त्यै जगति सकल-लोकोत्तुङ्ग-तुष्ट्यै विशाले [॥]
विमल-विपुल-तोयं यस्य तीरे तरु-गणाः कुसुम-भर-नताङ्गाः शीतलच्छाय-रूपाः [।] दिशि दिशि परिपीतं सर्व्व-सत्त्वैः समन्ताद्भवतु सुकृत-हेतोर्द्दारिद्र्य-दोष-प्रणाशः [॥]
यावच्छ्रुति-पथ-निपुणैर्गीयते वेद-मार्गः क्षिति-जल-पवनाकाशैः स्थिरा मेदिनी च [।] तावदिदमनुकम्प्यं तोय-पूर्णाशयं स्यान्निखिल-भुवन-हेतोः कीर्त्ति-सम्भोग-सद्म [॥]
उत्कीर्णा गोविन्देन [॥] प्रशस्तिरियमवनि-पतेः कुल-विविध-गुण-विस्तारिणी सुवृत्ता [।] रचिता वासुल-नाम्ना कविना कान्ताक्षरैः स्फुटिता [॥]
प्रणत-नृपति-चूडा-रत्न-दीप्र-प्रभाभिः स्फुरित-रुचिर-पादाम्भोज-युग्मो नृपेन्द्रः [।] अभय-विविध-दानान्निर्ज्जिताशेष-शत्रुः सततमवतु भूमिं विष्णुवर्द्धाभिधानः [॥]
यत्पाद-पद्म-युगलं प्रणमन्ति नित्यं राजान उग्र-बल-विक्रम-चारु-मूर्त्तेः [।] तस्यात्मजेन रचितं गुण-धाम-सद्म कूपं कृतं मुदित-मानव-तृप्त-हेतोः [॥]
यावत्सूर्य्य-शशाङ्कौ दिवि विचरत एव स्थिर-तर-मूर्त्ती [।] तावद्भवतु सुकीर्त्तिः सुदृढा सत्त्व-प्रिया लोके [॥]
यावत्क्षीरोद-तीरे तरव इव रयात्कुसुम-सुरभि-गन्धाः [।] तावत्कीर्त्तिर्नृपाणां भुवन-तल-तते तिष्ठतु स्फार-भासा [॥]
धर्मात्मनां स्थिर-मतेर्विहितस्य कार्य्याद्गोविन्द-नाम्ना घटितं शुभ-रूप-युक्तम् [।] उत्कीर्ण-चारु-पद-पङ्क्ति-मनोज्ञ-मूर्त्तिर्भूयाज्जगत्प्रथित-कीर्त्ति-वितान-हेतुः [॥]
संवत् ५८९ [॥]
सिद्धिरस्तु ॥ श्रीः ॥

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universe! May he, (the god) Śambhu, confer many auspicious gifts upon you,—employed
by whom in the rites of (effecting the) continuance and the destruction and the produc-
tion of (all) things that exist, (the god) Svayambhû, is obedient to (his) commands, for
the sake of the maintenance of (all) the worlds; and by whom, leading (him) to dignity in
the world, he has been brought to the condition of being the father (of the universe)!
May the serpent of the creator of existence¹ accomplish the allayment of your distress,—
(that serpent) the multitude of whose foreheads, bowed down afar by the pressure of the
heavy weight of the jewels in (their) hoods, obscures the radiance of the moon (on his
master's forehead); (and) who (with the folds of his body) binds securely on (his master's)
head the chaplet of bones which is full of holes (for stringing them)! May the
creator of waters,² which was dug out by the sixty thousand sons of Sagara, (and) which
possesses a lustre equal to (that of) the sky, preserve for a long time the glories of this best
of wells!
(Line 4.)—Now, victorious is that tribal ruler,³ having the name of the glorious
**Yaśôdharman,**⁴ who, having plunged into the army of (his) enemies, as if into a grove of
thornapple-trees, (and) having bent down the reputations of heroes like the tender creep-
ers of trees, effects the adornment of (his) body with the fragments of young sprouts
which are the wounds (inflicted on him).
(L. 5.)—And, again, victorious over the earth is this same⁵ king of men,⁶ the glo-
rious Vishṇuvardhana, the conqueror in war; by whom his own famous lineage, which
has the aulikara-crest,⁷ has been brought to a state of dignity that is ever higher and
¹ bhava-sṛij.—Originally, Brahman was the creator; Vishṇu, the preserver; and Śiva, the de-
stroyer. But of course the Vaishṇavas and the Śaivas invested their own special gods with all three
attributes. As regards Śiva, we may also refer to line 51 of the Alînâ grant of Śîlâditya VII. of the
year 447, No. 39 below, Plate xxv., where, under the name of Paramēśvara, he is again clearly refer-
red to as the creator. While, as regards Vishṇu, in the Vishṇu-Purâṇa, book I, chap. ii. (Hall's
edition of Wilson's Translation, Vol I. p. 41), he is described as himself becoming Brahman, and so
engaging in the creation of the universe.—That bhava-sṛij here dēnotes Śiva, is shewn by the gene-
ral purport of the preceding two verses, and especially by the mention of the chaplet of bones in this
verse. He is always represented with a necklace of skulls, a serpent hanging round his neck, and
the crescent moon on his forehead.
² The ocean. The allusion in this verse is to the legend that the bed of the ocean was exca-
vated by the sons of Sagara in their search for their father's aśvamēdha-horse, which was stolen from
their custody by the sage Kapila, and was only found by them when they had dug down through the
earth into the lower regions. Kapila, in his anger, reduced them to ashes; but subsequently restored
the horse on the intercession of Aṁśumat, the grandson of Sagara. The obsequies, however, of the
sons of Sagara remained unperformed, and their transfer to heaven was barred, until Bhagîratha, the
grandson of Aṁśumat, brought the river Ganges down from heaven, and led it over the earth to the
chasm made by the sons of Sagara. Flowing down through this, it washed their bones and ashes; by
which they were raised to heaven. And, as such of its waters as remained in the chasm constituted
the ocean, the latter was called sâgara in commemoration of Sagara and his descendants.
³ janêndra; see page 151 above, note 2.
⁴ See page 145 above, note 2.
⁵ This expression looks at first sight as if Yaśôdharman and Vishṇuvardhana were one and the
same person. But the general structure of this verse, as well as the use of the two distinct titles
janêndra and narâdhipati and of the expression âtma-vaṁśô, shews that this is not the case. "This
same" simply means "this reigning king," in whose time and territory the inscription is written.
⁶ narâdhipati; see page 151 above, note 3.
⁷ aulikara-lâñchhana; see page 151 above, note 4.
W 2.

156 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
higher. By him, having brought into subjection, with peaceful overtures and by war, the
very mighty kings of the east and many (kings) of the north, this second name of "su-
preme king of kings¹ and supreme lord,"² pleasing in the world (but) difficult of attain-
ment, is carried on high. Through him, having conquered the earth with (his own) arm,
many countries,—in which the sun is obscured by the smoke, resembling dense dark-blue
clouds, of the oblations of the sacrifices; (and) which abound with thick and thriving
crops through (the god) Maghavan pouring cloudfuls of rain upon (their) boundaries;
(and) in which the ends of the fresh sprouts of the mango-trees in the parks are eagerly
plucked in joy by the hands of wanton women,—enjoy the happiness of being possessed
of a good king. Through the dust, grey like the hide of an ass,—stirred up by his armies,
which have (their) banners lifted on high; (and) which have the lōdhra-trees³ tossed
about in all directions by the tusks of (their) infuriated elephants; (and) which have the
crevices of the Vindhya mountains made resonant with the noise of (their) journeying
through the forests,—the orb of the sun appears dark (and) dull-rayed, as if it were an
eye in a peacock's tail reversed.⁴
(L. 9.)—The servant of the kings who founded the family of that lord, was Shash-
thidatta,—the fame of whose religious merit was known far and wide through the protec-
tion of (their) feet; who by his resoluteness conquered the six enemies (of religion);⁵
(and) who was indeed very excellent. As the torrent, flowing high and low, of (the river)
Gaṅgā (spreads abroad) from (the mountain) Himavat, (and) the extensive mass of the
waters of (the river) Rēvā from the moon,—(so) from him, whose dignity was manifested,
there spreads a pure race of Naigamas, most worthy to be sought in fellowship.
(L. 11.)—Of him, from a wife of good family, there was born a son, resembling
him (in good qualities), the source of fame,—whom, (being named) Varāhadāsa, (and)
being full of self-control (and) of great worth, people speak of as if he were an (incarnate)
portion of (the god) Hari.
(L. 11.)—As if it were the sun (illumining) the mighty summit of a mountain,
Ravikīrtti with the wealth of his character illumined that family, which was made eminent
by men who combined good actions with worldly occupations; which had its foundations
well established in the earth; (and) which maintained a very firm position of endurance
that was free from (any risk of) being broken;—(Ravikīrtti), by whom, sustaining the
pure (and) undeviating path of traditional law that is acceptable to good people, nobility
of birth was not made a thing of false assertion (even) in the Kali age. From him,
(his) chaste wife Bhānuguptā gave birth to three sons, who dispelled the darkness (of
ignorance) with the rays of (their) intellects,—as if (she had produced three) sacrifices
from a fire.
(L. 13.)—The first was Bhagavaddōsha, the prop of his relatives in the paths of
religious actions, just as Uddhava (was) of the Andhakas,—who was a very Vēdhas in
displaying much prudence in the hard-to-be-traversed path of the meaning (of words);
who, like Vidura,⁶ always looked far ahead with deliberation; (and) who is with great
¹ Rājādhirāja; see page 35 above, note 7. ² Paramēśvara; see page 10 above, note 3.
³ lōdhra, also rōdhra; the tree Symplocos Racemosa.
⁴ i.e. "looked at from the wrong side of the feathers."
⁵ The ari-shaṭka or ari-shaḍ-varga, 'the aggregate of six hostile things,' viz. desire, wrath,
covetousness, bewilderment, pride, and envy, which impede the practice of religion.
⁶ An epic hero, the younger brother of Dhṛitarāshṭra and Pāṇḍu, described as the wisest of all
prudent and sagacious people.

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; No. 35, PLATE XXII. 157
pleasure sung of by poets, in Sanskrit and Prâkṛit construction of the arrangement of
sentences, as being well versed in speech.
(L. 15.)—And after him there came that (well-known) Abhayadatta, maintaining a
high position on the earth, (and) collecting (in order to dispel it) the fear of (his) sub-
jects (?);—by whose eye of intellect, which served him like the eyes of a spy, no trifle,
however remote, remained undetected, (even) at night;—(Abhayadatta), of fruitful actions,
who like (Bṛihaspati) the preceptor of the gods, to the advantage of those who belonged
to the (four recognised) castes, with the functions of a Râjasthânîya¹ protected the region,
containing many countries presided over by his own upright counsellors, which lies
between the Vindhya (mountains), from the slopes of the summits of which there flows
the pale mass of the waters of (the river) Rêvâ, and the mountain Pâriyâtra, on which
the trees are bent down in (their) frolicsome leaps by the long-tailed monkeys, (and
stretches) up to the (western) Ocean.
(L. 17.)—Now he, Dharmadôsha, the son of Dôshakumbha,—by whom this kingdom
has been made, as if (it were still) in the Kṛita-age, free from any intermixture
of all the castes, (and peaceable through) having hostilities allayed, (and) undisturbed by
care,—in accordance with justice proudly supports the burden (of government) that had
(previously) been borne by him;²— (Dharmadôsha), who,—not being too eager about his
own comfort, (and) bearing, for the sake of his lord, in the difficult path (of administra-
tion), the burden (of government), very heavily weighted and not shared by another,—
wears royal apparel only as mark of distinction (and not for his own pleasure), just as a
bull³ carries a wrinkled pendulous dew-lap.
(L. 19.)—His younger brother, Daksha,—invested with the decoration of the pro-
tection of friends, as if he were (his) broad-shouldered (right) arm (decorated) with choice
jewels; (and) bearing the name of "the faultless one," which causes great joy to the ear
and heart,—caused to be excavated this great well. This great (and) skilful work
was achieved here by him, who is of great intellect, for the sake of his paternal uncle, the
beloved Abhayadatta, who was cut off (before his time) by the mighty (god) Kṛitânta,
just as if he were a tree, the shade of which is pleasant to resort to (and) which yields
fruits that are salutary and sweet through ripeness, (wantonly) destroyed by a lordly
elephant.

¹ Râjasthânîya, lit. 'one who belongs to a Râjasthâna or king's abode;' or perhaps 'one who
occupies the position of a Râja,' is a technical official title, the exact grade of which remains to be
determined. The explanation of the word in Kshêmêndra's Lôkaprakâśa, iv., as given by Dr. Bühler
(Ind. Ant. Vol. V. p. 207) is prajâ-pâlan-ârtham=udvahati rakshayati cha sa râjasthânîyaḥ, "he who
carries out the object of protecting subjects, and shelters them, is called a Râjasthânîya, i.e. 'a
viceroy.'" But, though 'viceroy' is a fair enough rendering of the word on etymological grounds, it
seems to be in reality too exalted a title to be a suitable equivalent. In line 21 of the Mâliyâ grant of
the Mahârâja Dharasêna II. of the year 252, No. 38 below, Plate xxiv., and in line 9 of the Dêô-
Baranârk inscription of Jîvitagupta II., No. 46 below, Plate xxix B. (where Dr. Bhagwanlal Indraji
proposed to render it by 'political agent, or regent'), the Râjasthânîya is mentioned rather low down
in the list of officials; so also in line 33 of the Bhagalpur grant of Nârâyaṇapâla (Ind. Ant. Vol.
XV. p. 306), and in the passage in connection with which it was explained by Dr. Bühler.
² i.e. Abhayadatta.—Dôshakumbha, the father of Dharmadôsha, must be the younger brother of
Abhayadatta, and the third and youngest of the sons of Ravikîrtti and Bhânuguptâ.
³ bâhudhya; this meaning is not given in Monier Williams' Sanskrit Dictionary; and I owe it,
and the explanation of one or two other passages in this inscription, to Pandit Durga Prasad,
of Jaypur.

158 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
(L. 21.)—Five hundred autumns, together with ninety less by one, having elapsed
from (the establishment of) the supremacy¹ of the tribal constitution of the Mâlavas,
(and) being written down in order to determine the (present) time ;—in the season² in
which the songs, resembling the arrows of (the god) Smara, of the cuckoos, whose
utterances are low and tender, cleave open, as it were, the minds of those who are far
away from home ; and in which the humming of the flights of bees, sounding low on
account of the burden (that they carry), is heard through the woods, like the resounding
bow of (the god Kâmadêva) who has the banner of flowers, when its string is caused to
vibrate :—in the season in which there is the month of the coming on of flowers, when the
wind, soothing the affectionate (but) perverted thoughts of disdainful women who are angry
with their lovers, as if they were charming fresh sprouts arrayed in colours, devotes itself
to breaking down (their) pride,—in that season this (well) was caused to be constructed.
(L. 24.)—As long as the ocean, embracing with (its) lofty waves, as if with long
arms, the orb of the moon, which has its full assemblage of rays (and is more) lovely
(than ever) from contact (with the waters), maintains friendship (with it),—so long let
this excellent well endure, possessing a surrounding enclosure of lines at the edge of the
masonry-work, as if it were a garland worn round a shaven head, (and) discharging pure
waters the flavour of which is equal to nectar !
(L. 25.)—May this intelligent Daksha for a long time protect this act of piety,—
(he who is) skilful, true to (his) promises, modest, brave, attentive to old people, grateful,
full of energy, unwearied in the business-matters of (his) lord, (and) faultless ! (This eulogy)
has been engraved by Gôvinda.

No. 36; PLATE XXIIIA.

ERAN STONE BOAR INSCRIPTION OF TORAMANA.

THIS inscription was discovered in 1838 by Captain T. S. Burt, of the Engineers, and
was first brought to notice in the same year, in the Jour. Beng. As. Soc. Vol. VII. p. 631 ff.,
where Mr. James Prinsep published his reading of the text, and a translation of it,³ accom-
panied by a lithograph (id. Plate xxx.), reduced from an ink-impression made by Captain
Burt.—And in 1861, in the same Journal, Vol. XXX. p. 20 ff., Dr. FitzEdward Hall pub-
lished his revised reading of the text, from the original pillar, and a translation of it.
This is another inscription from Êraṇ⁴ in the Khurâî Sub-Division of the Sâgar Dis-
trict in the Central Provinces. It is on the chest of a colossal red-sandstone statue of
a Boar, about eleven feet high, representing the god Vishṇu in his incarnation as such,
that stands, facing east, in the portico of a ruined temple at the south end of the well-known
group of temples about half a mile to the west of the village.⁵
The Boar is covered all over with elaborate sculptures, chiefly of Ṛishis or saints
¹ vasât ; but it is very difficult to find a really satisfactory meaning for this word in this passage.
² i.e. the spring.
³ The translation is reprinted in Thomas' edition of Prinsep's Essays, Vol I. p. 249 f.
⁴ See page 18 above, and note 1.
⁵ Archæol. Surv. Ind. Vol. X. page 82 ff., and Plates xxv. and xxvi.

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; No. 36, PLATE XXIII A. 159
clinging to its mane and bristles.¹ It has the earth, represented as a woman, hanging on,
in accordance with the legend, to its right-hand tusk ; and over its shoulders there is a
small four-sided shrine, with a sitting figure in each face of it. There are several very
serious cracks in the Boar ; one of which, right through the centre of it from front to back,
shews in the lithograph published herewith. The surface on which the inscription is, is
slightly concave.—The writing, which covers a space of about 2' 9" broad by 10¾" high,
has in one or two places suffered a good deal from the weather ; but, except where a few
letters have been entirely destroyed through the stone breaking away at the edges of the
crack mentioned above, it can be read with certainty throughout. The bottom line is
about 6' 0" above the level of the ground.—The average size of the letters is about ⅜".
The characters belong to the northern class of alphabets, and are very similar in type
to those of the Êraṇ pillar inscription of Budhagupta, No. 19 above, Plate xiiA. The two
methods of forming the letter r, in combination with a following consonant, are illustrated,
on the one hand, by paryanta, line 5 and, on the other, by ghûrnṇita, line 1, pûrvvâyâm,
line 3, and artha, line 7.—The language is Saṁskṛit ; and the inscription is in verse as
far as the end of the date in line 3, and the rest in prose.—In respect of orthography,
the only point that calls for notice is the doubling of k, t, and dh, in conjunction with a
following r; e.g. in kkriyêṇa, line 6; maittrâyaṇîya, line 3; pauttrasya, line 4; (but
not in bhrâtrâ, line 6); and mahîddhraḥ, line 1.
The inscription refers itself to the reign of Tôramâṇa. It is dated, in words, in the
first year of his reign, without any reference to an era ; and on the tenth day, without any
specification of the fortnight, of the month Phâlguna (February-March). It is a Vaishṇava
inscription. And the object of it is to record the building of the temple, in which the Boar
stands, by Dhanyavishṇu, the younger brother of the deceased Mahârâja Mâtṛivishṇu.
The mention of Mâtṛivishṇu in this inscription as deceased, is of importance, as shew-
ing that Tôramâṇa comes, so far as his possession of Eastern Mâlwa is concerned, shortly
after Budhagupta, in whose time Mâtṛivishṇu, then alive, in conjunction with Dhanya-
vishṇu set up the column that bears Budhagupta's inscription of the year 165, No. 19
above, page 88.
TEXT.²
1 Ôm [||] Jayati³ dharaṇy-uddharaṇê ghana-ghôṇ-âghâta-ghûrnṇita-mahîddhraḥ
dêvô varâha-mûrttis=trailôkya-mahâ-gṛiha-stambhaḥ [||] Varshê⁴ prathamê
prithivîm
2 prithu-kîrttau prithu-dyutau mahârâjâdhirâja-śrî-Tôramâṇê praśâsati |(||)
Phâlguna-divasê⁵ daśamê | ity=êvaṁ râjyavarsha-mâsa-dinaiḥ [|*] êtasyâṁ
3 pûrvvâyâm | sva-lakshaṇair=yukta-pûrvvâyâm⁶ |(||) Sva-karmm-âbhiratasya
kratu-yâjinô=dhîta-svâdhyâyasya vipr-arshêr=Mmaittrâyaṇîya-vṛishabhasy=
Êndravishṇôḥ prapauttrasya |
¹ I noticed a similar boar, almost entirely buried, by the roadside, about half way between
Sâñchi and Udayagiri; but I had no means of raising it to ascertain whether there is any inscription
on it.
² From the original stone.
³ Metre, Âryâ.
⁴ This sentence is in prose, though it commences like a verse in the Âryâ metre.
⁵ Metre, Âryâ. ⁶ Supply tithau

160 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
4 pitur=guṇ-ānukāriṇō Varuṇavishṇōḥ pauttrasya pitaram=anu-jātasya
sva-vaṁśa-vriddhi-hētōr=Harivishṇōḥ puttrasy-ātyanta-bhagavad-bhaktasya
Vidhātur=ichchhayā ।¹
5 svayaṁvaray=ēva rāja-lakshmy=ādhigatasya chatuḥ-samudra-paryanta-prathita-
yaśasaḥ akshīṇa-māna-dhanasy-ānēka-śattru-samara-jishṇōḥ mahār[ā*]ja-
Mātṛivishṇōḥ
6 svar-ggatasya bhrātr-ānujēna । tad-anuvidhāyinā tat-prasāda-parigṛihītēna²
Dhanyavishṇunā tēn=aiva [sa]h-āvibhakta-puṇya-kkriyēṇa mātāpittrōḥ
7 puṇy-āpyāyan-ārtham=ēsha bhagavatō varāha-mūrttēr=jagat-parāyaṇasya
Nārāyaṇasya śilā³-prās[ādaḥ] sva-vishay[ē]=sminn-Airikiṇē kāritaḥ ।(॥)
8 Svasty=astu gō-brāhmaṇa-purōgābhyaḥ sarvva-prajābhya [i]ti ॥
TRANSLATION.
Ôm! Victorious is the god (Vishṇu), who has the form of a Boar,⁴—who, in the act
of lifting up the earth (out of the waters), caused the mountains to tremble with the blows
of (his) hard snout; (and) who is the pillar (for the support) of the great house which is
the three worlds!⁵
(Line 1.)—In the first year; while the Mahārājādhirāja, the glorious Tôramâṇa, of
great fame (and) of great lustre, is governing the earth;—
(L. 2.)—On the tenth day of (the month) Phâlguna;—on this (lunar day), (specified)
as above by the regnal year and month and day, (and) invested as above with its own
characteristics;—
(L. 3.)—By Dhanyavishṇu,—the younger brother, obedient to him (and) accepted
with favour by him, of the Mahārāja Mātṛivishṇu, who has gone to heaven; who was ex-
cessively devoted to the Divine One; who, by the will of (the god) Vidhâtṛi, was approach-
ed (in marriage-choice) by the goddess of sovereignty, as if by a maiden choosing (him)
of her own accord (to be her husband); whose fame extended up to the borders of the four
oceans; who was possessed of unimpaired honour and wealth; (and) who was victorious
in battle against many enemies;—who was the son of the son’s son of Indravishṇu, who
was attentive to his duties, who celebrated sacrifices; who practised private study (of the
scriptures); who was a Brâhmaṇ saint; (and) who was the most excellent (of the follow-
ers) of the Maitrāyaṇīya (śākhā);—who was the son’s son of Varuṇavishṇu, who
imitated the virtuous qualities of (his) father;—(and) who was the son of Harivishṇu, who
was the counterpart of (his) father in meritorious qualities,⁶ (and) was the cause of the
advancement of his race;—
¹ This mark of punctuation is unnecessary.
² This word is followed by a cross-mark, which indicates that tên=aiva [sa]h=âvibhakta-
puṇya-kkriyêṇa should have stood here, before dhanyavishṇunā.
³ Prinsep read nârâyaṇasy=âsîrṇa; and Hall, nârâyaṇasy=âśīrṇaḥ. They were led into
this by the engraver having run the right stroke of the l in śilā too high up, probably through his tool
slipping.
⁴ The allusion is to his incarnation as a boar, when he plunged into the great ocean and rescued
the earth, which had been carried off and hidden there by the demon Hiraṇyâksha.
⁵ Compare the similar invocation of Śiva, in Śaiva inscriptions, as "the foundation-pillar for the
erection of the city which is the three worlds;" e.g. in line 1 f. of the Aihoḷe inscription of Śaka-Saṁvat
1091 (Ind. Ant. Vol. IX. p. 97)
⁶ pitaram=anu-jātasya; see page 90 above, note 3.

Here is the transcription of the plate from Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III (Fleet, 1888), Plate XXIII:

CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
Vol. III. Plate xxiii

A. — Eran Boar Inscription of Toramana

(Dated in the first year of the reign of Mahārājādhirāja Toramāṇa)

जयति जलद-नील-घनो वारिरुहाकार-नयन-युग-शोभी । धरणी-धरः पृथु-वपुर्-व्योम-प्रस्तारित-महा-तनुर्-वराहः ॥
वर्ष-प्रथमे पृथिवीं पृथु-कीर्त्तौ पृथु-यशासि महो-बलिनि । शासति च तोरमाणे श्री-सम्पन्ने महा-राजाधिराजे ॥
माहा-फाल्गुने मासि दशम्यां श्री-मातृ-विष्णोः सुकृतेन । स्वर्ग-गतस्याप्यनुजः प्रेमाद्-भक्त्या च तस्यैव ॥
धन्य-विष्णुर्-धर्म्म-ज्ञः सर्व्व-गुण-सम्पदोपेतः । कारितवान्-इमं भगवतः पाशुपत-प्रियस्य विष्णोः ॥
पाषाण-मयं मन्दिरम्-एतत्-पुण्याभिवृद्धये वर-प्रदस्य । माता-पित्रोः पुण्यार्थम्-आत्मनश्चाभिवृद्धये च ॥
जयतु पृथिवी-पालो यशोधर-वंश-तिलको महा-वीर्य्यः । शश-बिम्ब-शुभ्र-कीर्त्तिर्-ज्जयतु चिरायुर्-महा-राजः ॥
शान्तिः स्वस्त्यस्तु गो-ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रजाहिताय च ॥

B. — Gwalior Inscription of Mihirakula

(Dated in the 15th regnal year of Mihirakula, recording the construction of a Sun temple by Mātṛceṭa)

जयति जलद-स्वान-रवः सुर-नर-वन्दित-पद-द्वयः पूषा । भुवन-त्रय-दीपक-करो भानुः शशिनः प्रभा-हर्ता ॥
तस्य कुल-कमल-मार्त्तण्ड-समो महा-बल-वीर्य्यो महा-राजाधिराजः । तोरमाण इति विख्यातो भू-वलये धर्म-निष्ठश्च ॥
तस्यात्मजः पृथु-वक्षाः क्षितिप-शिरो-रत्न-राजित-चरणः । श्री-मिहिरकुलः प्रथितो रिपु-बल-मथनो महा-वीरः ॥
तस्मिन्-प्रशासति भुवं पञ्चदशे हायने नृपे विपुले । मातृचेटेन भक्त्या चिकीर्षुणा पुण्य-सञ्चयम् ॥
शैल-मयं कारितवान्-मन्दिरम्-इदम्-अम्बरेण सम्बद्धम् । भानोर्-भास्वद्-दीप्त्या जगत्-प्रदीपकस्य विष्णोः समस्य ॥
यावन्-मेरुर्-मही-ध्रः शशी च तरणिर्-दिशो नभश्चैव । तावन्-मन्दिरम्-इदम्-इह तिष्ठतु कीर्त्तिश्च मातृचेटस्य ॥

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THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; No. 37, PLATE XXIII B. 161
(L. 6.)—(By this Dhanyavishṇu), accomplishing, in unison with (the previously
expressed wishes of) him,¹ a joint deed of religious merit, for the sake of increasing the reli-
gious merit of (his) parents, this stone temple of the divine (god) Nârâyaṇa, who has
the form of a Boar (and) who is entirely devoted to (the welfare of) the universe, has
been caused to be made in this his own vishaya of Airikiṇa.
(L. 8.)—Let prosperity attend all the subjects, headed by the cows and the
Brâhmans!
No. 37; PLATE XXIII B.
GWALIOR STONE INSCRIPTION OF MIHIRAKULA.
THIS inscription appears to have been discovered by General Cunningham, and was first
brought to notice in 1861, in the Jour. Beng. As. Soc. Vol. XXX. p. 267 ff., where Dr.
Rajendralala Mitra published his reading of the text, and a translation of it, from an
ink-impression taken by General Cunningham, of which, in the following year,—as an ac-
companiment to Dr. Rajendralala Mitra's paper on "Vestiges of the kings of Gwâlior," in
the Jour. Beng. As. Soc. Vol. XXXI. p. 391 ff.,—a reduced lithograph was published (id.
Plate i. No. 1).
The inscription is on a broken red-sandstone slab, now measuring about 2' 8¼" broad
by 5⅝" high, that was found built into the wall in the porch of a temple of the sun in the
fortress at Gwâlior² (properly Gwâlhêr), the capital of the dominions of Scindia in
Central India; it is now in the Imperial Museum at Calcutta. When the stone was
first found, two or three letters had already been broken away and lost at the beginning of
each line; and, since then, it has suffered a still more serious injury, in part of line 7, and
the whole of lines 8 and 9, being cut away and destroyed in trimming the stone and fixing
it, I suppose, in some other building, after the time when it was first found and before its
rescue and transfer to the Museum.
The writing, which covers the entire face of the stone, except for a margin of
about an inch at the top and on the right side, is in a state of excellent preservation al-
most throughout.—The average size of the letters is about ⅜". The characters belong
to the northern class of alphabets; and, though differing a little in actual execution, are
of the same type with those of the preceding inscription of Tôramâṇa. The two methods
of forming r, in combination with a following consonant, are illustrated, on the one hand,
by śauryâd, line 3, and, on the other, by chakrô=rtti-harttâ, line 2, and abhivarddha-
mâna, line 4.—The language is Saṁskṛit; and the inscription is in verse through-
out.—In respect of orthography, all that calls for special notice is the use of the
upadhmânîya once, in aṁśubhiḥ=paṁkajânâm, line 2.
The inscription refers itself to the reign of Mihirakula. It is dated, in words, in
the fifteenth year of his reign, without any reference to an era; and in the bright fortnight
of the month Kârttika (October-November), but without any specification of the day of
the fortnight or month. It is an inscription of solar worship. And the object of it is to
¹ i.e. the deceased Mâtṛivishṇu.
² The 'Gwalior' of maps, &c. Indian Atlas, Sheet No. 51. Lat. 26° 13' N.; Long. 78° 12' E.—
For the ancient names of the place, see the next note.
A₂

162 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III
record the building of a temple of the Sun, by a person named Mâtṛichêta, on the moun-
tain called Gôpa, i.e. the hill on which the fortress of Gwâlior stands.¹
TEXT.²
1 [Ôm] [II*] [J]a]yati³ jalada-vâla-dhvântam=utsârayan=svaiḥ kiraṇa-nivaha-jâlair=
vyôma vidyôtayadbhiḥ u[daya-gi]r[i]-taṭ-âgra[ṁ] maṇḍayan⁴ yas=
tura[ṁ*]gaiḥ chakita-gamana-khêda-bhrânta-chamchat-sat-ântaiḥ ।(।।) Udaya-
g[i]r[i]-
2 [◡ - -]grasta-chakrô=rtti-harttâ bhuvana-bhavana-dîpaḥ śarvvarî-nâśa-hêtuḥ
tapita-kanaka-varṇṇair=aṁśubhiḥ=paṁkajân[â*]m=abh

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; No. 37, PLATE XXIII B 163
8 . . . . di(?)tyêna || Yâvach¹=Chharvva-jaṭâ-kalâpa-gahanê vidyôtatê chandramâ
divya-strî-charaṇair=vvibhûshita-taṭô yâvach=cha Mêrur=nagaḥ yâvach=
ch=ôrasi nîla-nîrada-nibhê Vishṇur=vvi(bbi)bharty=uj[j*]valâṁ Śrîms=
tâvad²=giri-mûrdhni tishṭhati
9 [śilâ(?)-prâ]sâda-mukhyô ramê ||
TRANSLATION.
[Ôm !] May he (the Sun) protect you, who is victorious,—dispelling the darkness
of the banks of clouds with the masses of the multitude of his rays that light up the sky ;
(and) decorating the top of the side of the mountain of dawn with (his) horses, which
have the tossing ends of (their) manes dishevelled through the fatigue (induced) by (their)
startled gait ;—(and) who,—having (his) chariot-wheels (?) swallowed (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the mountain of dawn ; dispelling distress ; (being) the light of the house which is the
world ; (and) effecting the destruction of night,—creates the fresh beauty of the water-
lilies by (his) rays which are of the colour of molten gold !¹
(Line 2.)—(There was) a ruler of [the earth], of great merit, who was renowned by
the name of the glorious Tôramâṇa; by whom, through (his) heroism that was specially
characterised by truthfulness, the earth was governed with justice.
(L. 3.)—Of him, the fame of whose family has risen high, the son (is) he, of un-
equalled prowess, the lord of the earth, who is renowned under the name of Mihirakula,
(and) who, (himself) unbroken, [broke the power of³] Paśupati.
(L. 4.)—While [he], the king, the remover of distress, possessed of large and pellucid
eyes, is governing the earth ; in the augmenting reign, (and) in the fifteenth year, of (him)
the best of kings ; the month Kârttika, cool and fragrant with the perfume of the red and
blue waterlilies that are caused to blossom by the smiles of the rays of the moon, having
come ; while the spotless moon is shining ;⁴ and a very auspicious day,—heralded by the
chiefs of the classes of the twice-born⁵ with the noise of the proclamation of a holy day,
(and) possessed of the (proper) tithi and nakshatra and muhûrta,—having arrived ;—
(L. 5.)—The son's son of Matritula, and the son of Mâtṛidâsa, by name Mâtṛichêṭa,
an inhabitant of . . . . . . . . . . . . on the hill, has caused to be made, on the delightful
mountain which is speckled with various metals and has the appellation of Gôpa,⁶ a stone-
temple, the chief among the best of temples, of the Sun, for the purpose of increasing the
religious merit of (his) parents and of himself, and of those who, by the . . . . . . . . of the
king, dwell on this best of mountains.
(L. 7.)—Those who cause to be made an excellent house of the Sun, like in lustre to
the rays of the moon,—their abode is in heaven, until the destruction of all things !
(L. 7.)—(This) very famous proclamation of the true religion⁷ has been composed
through devotion to the Sun, by him who is renowned by the name of Kêśava and by
. . . . ditya.
(L. 8.)—As long as the moon shines on the thicket that is the knot of the braided
hair of (the god) Śarva; and as long as the mountain Mêru continues to have (its) slopes

¹ Metre, Śârdûlavikrîḍita.
² Read śrîṁ tâvad.
³ See page 162 above, note 6.
⁴ i.e. in the bright fortnight of the month.
⁵ i.e. by the Brâhmaṇs.
⁶ See page 162 above, note 1.
⁷ i.e. this inscription.
X 2.

164 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
adorned by the feet of the nymphs of heaven; and as long as (the god) Vishṇu bears the
radiant (goddess) Śrī upon (his) breast which is like a dark-blue cloud;—so long (this)
chief of [stone]-temples shall stand upon the delightful summit of the hill!
No. 38; PLATE XXIV.
MALIYA COPPER-PLATE INSCRIPTION OF THE
MAHARAJA DHARASENA II.
THE YEAR 252.
THIS inscription,¹ which was originally brought to notice by me in 1884, in the Ind. Ant.
Vol. XIII. p. 160 ff., is from some copper-plates that were found at Mâliyâ,² the chief
town of the Mâliyâ Mahâl or Sub-Division of the Junâgaḍh State in the Kâṭhiâwâḍ Peninsula
in the Bombay Presidency. The original plates are, I understand, in the possession of the
Junâgaḍh Darbâr. I obtained them, for examination, through the kindness of the Dîwân,
Mr. Haridas Viharidas.
The plates, which are inscribed on one side only, are two in number, each measuring
about 11⅛″ by 7¾″. The edges of them were raised into rims, to protect the writing; and
the inscription is in a state of almost perfect preservation throughout. The plates are of
fair thickness; but the letters are deep, and shew through very distinctly on the backs of
them. The engraving is well executed; but, as usual, the interiors of the letters shew
marks of the working of the engraver's tool throughout.—The plates are connected by two
rings, passing through holes in the lower part of the first plate, and the upper part of the
second. Both of the rings had already been cut, when the grant came under my notice.
One of them is a plain copper ring, roughly circular in shape, about 5/16″ thick and 1¼″ in
diameter. The other is of the same thickness, but of an irregular oval shape, as is customary
with the rings of the Valabhî seals. The ends of it are secured in a seal, the front of which
is roughly oval, about 1¾″ by 2¼″, and which has, in relief on a countersunk surface, at the top,
a bull, recumbent to the proper right, the usual emblem on the Valabhî seals; and below it,
separated by two horizontal lines, the legend Śrî-Bhaṭakkaḥ, for Śrî-Bhaṭârkkah, i.e. "the
illustrious Bhaṭârka."—The weight of the two plates is 3 lbs. 1 oz., and of the two rings and
the seal, 12½ oz.; total, 3 lbs. 13½ oz.—The size of the letters varies from ⅛″ to 5/16″. The
characters belong to the southern class of alphabets; but they include, e.g. in chaḍa, line
3, khadga, line 10, and ḍombhi, line 24, a separate form of the lingual ḍ, as distinct from the
dental d, borrowed from the northern alphabet. They furnish a very good specimen of
¹ The inscriptions of this family that have already been discovered, are too numerous to be all
included in the present volume; and they will, it is hoped, be some day disposed of by themselves in
a separate collection. Meanwhile, the family is concerned so closely in the history of the period with
which the present volume deals, that my book would be incomplete without a specimen or two of the
Valabhî grants, as an accompaniment to the necessary historical chapter. I therefore give two of the in-
scriptions of this family; the present one, to illustrate the standard form according to which most of
the earlier charters were drafted; and the next, partly as an illustration of the form of the later char-
ters, and partly because it is the latest inscription of the family at present known of, and introduces
the well-known and important name of Dhrûbhaṭa or Dhruvabhaṭa, as a title of Śîlâditya VII.
² The 'Malia and Mallia' of maps, &c.; about twenty-three miles south by west of Junâgaḍh. It
is also called 'Mâliyâ-Haṭṭi,' to distinguish it from another Mâliyâ, called 'Mâliyâ-Miâna,' in the
north of Kâṭhiâwâḍ.