तर्कभाषा (आचार्य केशवमिश्र - पं. विश्वेश्वर सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि कृत 'तर्करहस्य' हिन्दी व्याख्या सहित)

[ ३० ]
by Aristotle in its Rhetoric, Prior Analytics and Posteriar Analytics
in the 4th century B. C., the Hindu logician shows but a vague conception
of it, as late as the first century B. C. It is not inconceivable that the
Knowledge of Aristotle's logic found its way through Alexandria,
syria and other countries into Taxila. This is rightly Corroborated
by the Hindu tradition that Narada who visited Alexandria [ S'weta
dwbipa ] and became an expert in the handling of the five limbed
syllogism...
I am inclined, therefore, to think that the syllogism did not
actually evolve in Indian logic out of inference, and that the Hindu
logician owed the idea of syllogism to the influence of Aristotle'.
( Introduction to the Indian Logic P. P. XV )
श्रीसतीश बाबू की इस कल्पना में हमें कोई सार नहीं दिखाई देता । आप
कहते हैं कि पञ्चावयव अनुमान वाक्यपद्धति का पूर्ण विकास ग्रीक में तो अरिस्टा-
टिल के समय चतुर्थ शताब्दी B. C. में ही हो चुका था और भारत में प्रथम
शताब्दी B. C. तक भी वह परिमार्जितरूप में नहीं आ पाया था । जिस Syllogism
पञ्चावयववाक्य के विषय में प्रथम शताब्दी B. C. तक भारतीय दार्शनिकों के
अज्ञान की घोषणा करने का साहस आप करते हैं उसी Syllogism के विषय में
'गोल्डस्टकर' जैसे उच्च श्रेणी के पाश्चात्त्य विद्वानों का दृढ़ विश्वास है कि वह 'अरि-
स्टाटिल' से भी पूर्व पाणिनि के समय (500 B. C.) से भी पूर्व भारत में पूर्ण रूप
से विकसित हो चुका था । 'गोल्डस्टकर' महोदय ने अपनी सुप्रसिद्ध पुस्तक
Panini में लिखा है—
That Nyay was known to Panini in the sense of Syllogism or
logical reasoning or perhaps logical science, I Conclude from the sutra
III. 3. 122¹ where its affix conveys the sense of instrumentality i. e,
that by which analysis [lit. enlarging] is effected, for in the some form
Nyaya is made the subject of another rule III. 3. 37². Where Panini
gives as its meaning 'Propriety, good conduct' which would lead to its
later meaning 'Policy'. Unless we draw this distinction betwean the
two sutras named, the first sutra become superfluous, Nor is it probable
that a civilization like that which is traceable in Panini's rules could
have done without a word for Syllogistic thought. ( Panini P. P. 116 )
१. अध्यायन्यायोद्यावसंहाराश्च । अष्टाध्यायी ३. ३. १२२ ।
२. परिन्योर्नीणोर्ध्यू ताभ्रेषेभ्योः । अष्टा० ३. ३. ३७ । यथाप्राप्तकरणमभ्रेषः ।