मृगपक्षी-शास्त्र (हंसदेव - १३वीं शती का अमर भारतीय वन्यजीव, पक्षी एवं प्राणि-विज्ञान)

[2nd variety of HYENAS]
(MRIGADA OR LEOPORD)
These kinds of Hyenas are otheresiw called Leopords. They are
mere or less equal to the 1st variety of hyenas in height. Some are
yellowish red and some blackish red in colour. They are very cruel at
heart. Tley have long tails and long claws There are many spots on
their bedies. Some have long black stripes and some red stripes. They
appear to be grand and run swift like an arrow. They are very strong.
They are man-eaters. Their eyes are blood-red. They don't like the
scent of human beings. They generally live upon cows, bulls, buffalees
and other animals. (Some have more mustaches and some have
long and stout nostrils. They attack animals from ambush.
They will be more hungry and thirsty during mid-day. Their sleep is
less and breath is heavy. They are always foolish. Their utinost age
is 14 years. They are not easily controlable like tigers. They must be
caught only by uoose by threatening and beating them. (Owing to their
cruelty and dull nature they are called RAJASA ADHAMA[ or inferior,
in 2nd class.
4th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BEARS.
The bears are divided into 3 kinds owing to their nature, qua-
lity and work. They are generally dull by nature. They are neither cruel
nor fearing nor patient (calm). During spring season, their passion
increases, in their 3rd or 4th year. They enjoy either in mornings or
evenings under the shade of trees, bushes or on the banks of rivers.
— 11 —

They jump while play and thus enjoy. Then foam comes out of their
mouths. The female bears easily yield to male ones. After their inter
course, female ones get pregnancy and are always sleepy. After preg-
nancy, they enjoy until delivery. Generally, animals are satisfied
with single intercourse. Those which try to have intercourse after
pregnancy, are considered to be of low breed. Those which do not
easily yield to male ones, are troubled by the latter and thus
enjoyed. They are termed as having bad nature like tigers, bears,
hyenas, monkeys, horses, dogs, human beings, rakshasas and
demons Rest of the animals move with the female ones so amicably
as the latter would yield to enjoyments.
After pregnancy, female bears do not relish much food.
After their 9th or 10th month, they give birth to 2 cubs especially in
winter. The young ones suck their mother's milk till 1 year. Youth
begins in their 2nd or 3rd year. They are ferocious when they are
hungry. They are very cunning. They always dwell in bushes.
[1st variety of BEARS]
(RIKSHA)
These kinds of bears are stout. They have long jaws, claws
and bodies. They are black, dull in nature and hot in tempere. Their
bodies are densly covered with thick rough and long black hair. Their
faces are small and terrible. They are very swift when angry. Their
legs are very strong and very stout. Passion increases in their full
youth. Their lips and tongues are always waving. Foam would be
always ousing out. Though they are not so strong as tigers, they are
very cruel and nasty. They have a little appetite. They shrink for rain
and cold. Their cry is very awfully bad. They would always be
injuring the minor animals. Their skin is very soft.
— 12 —

[2nd variety of BEARS]
(ACCHABHALLA)
This variety of bear is 3 to 4 hasthas in height. Some have red
spots throughout their bodies and some various colours in their necks.
Their feet and bellies are always white. Their bodies are covered
with thick long black hair in full. They are stronger than the 1st
variety of bears. They always roam about in mid-nights. They can
run fast jumping and falling. They have long claws and jaws with
terrible faces. They dislike the scent of human beings. Awful foam
would ever be ousing out. They never listen to sweet words. They
possess thick skin, stout bodies and very short tails. Their cry is
awfully terrible. At times they kill human beings and are fond of
human flesh. Owing to their cruel heart they are termed as 'Sikandi'.
They are not easily capturable by noose.
[3rd variety of BRARS]
(BHALLUKA)
They are short having long jaws, short ears, long nose and neck.
They wander fast during day times. They are not easily capturable.
Owing to bad temper, they become foolish and fall in to dangerous
places. They are always quarrelsome with one another. They are
afraid of mud. Foam is always ousing out from their mouths. They
are angry when hungry. They dance when hungry is appeared. They
are both wicked and nasty. They fear hunting. Some possess white
long hair throughout their bodies with less strength. They (having
white hair) possess same qualities of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd varieties of
bears. Female bears are a little fairer than male ones and possess the
same qualitiy. The hair on their bodies are long and smooth as if
they are combed. Their walk and cry are slow and pleasing.
— 13 —

They dance fairly and they possess a little passion. They will
deliver young ones twice or thrice in their life time. They are quiet
after trained and they work and walk as men.
They must be carefully captured only by noose and carefully
trained. Before attain their prime youth they must be caught else, they
will not yield to anything owing to much passion and bad temper. They
become old after their 9th year. Their hair would begin to wither in
their old age and appear to be ugly. Their utmost age is 14 years.
Owing to their mean mindedness and dull nature they are called
THAMASA or infeiror class.
5th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF RHINOCEROSES.
There are 2 kinds of Rhinoceroses in the forest. They resem-
ble elephants in all respects save trunk. They are black having short
tails. They are very cruel and physically very strong. Their limbs
are awkward and uniform. They are carnivorous and dull in nature
and slow in speed. They are terrible and harmful. Passion increases
in summer season. They have intercourse either in the day-times or
in the night-times. They first lick the female ones with their tongues,
turning around them and then begin to enjoy with them. They would
enjoy either in bushes or in low places. Just after their enjoyments,
they (female) become pregnant. Owing to pregnancy they are re-
duced. They eat less food. Their delivery time is fixed to 10 to
12 months. The young ones suck their mother's milk till one year,
when they begin to run and injure smaller animals. Their youth
begins in their 5th year.
— 14 — .

[1st variety of RHINOCEROSES]
(GANDAKA)
These species of animals are black, having very short-tails and
short and stout bodies. They have long and sharp nails. They have
uniformly ugly stout and nasty bodies. They have a horn at the end
of their noses. Their skin is very thick. There are many white spots
throughout their bodies. Some are tall by 4 or 5 hasthas. They
have small faces, small eyes and hanging testicles. They are very
angry. They stoop to do very mean acts. They are very cruel and
terrible.
[2nd variety of RHINOCEROSES]
(KHADGA)
These kinds of Rhinoceroses are blue in colour, having red and
white dots on their bodies. They are very tall. Their cry is very ter-
rible. They are much dull in nature. There are fleshy muscles
around their ears. Some may have hump on their backs. They are
terrible cruel, ugly and nasty. They have long ears. They are not
easily capturable. They have not glittering and beauty on their bodies.
They are always fond of killing wild animals. They possess big and long
hanging testicles. Their hips are very stout and fleshy. Some have
whitish black colour and they are not so terrible and strong as others.
The rhinoceroses, generally live in graze jillica grass. Generally,
the female ones are of the same type as male ones. Some of
the females are fearful and some quiet. Some deliver twice and
some thrice in their life times. After 20th year they become
old and their utmost age is 32 years. Owing to dull-nature and
mean mindedness, they are termed as TAMASA ADHAMA or inferior
in 3rd class.
— 15 —

6th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ELEPHANTS.
There are 13 varieties of elephants. They are black in colour.
They are pleasing to look at. They are fond of hunting. They walk
very beautifully. They are very strong and robust. They possess
small eyes, big ears, stout stomachs, long trunks and long tusks
between the trunks. They increase wealth to their masters and
destroy foes. They get fame both to the country and army. Their
passion increases in spring and rainy season. After their 9th or 10th
year youth begins to them. Ruttish water begins to ouse out from
their temples. They even forget their food and try to go with the
female ones. They enjoy in solitary and dark places, on the river
beds, under the shade of trees and bushes, for a day or two com-
pletely. Generally they (female) become pregnant. Generally they be-
come quiet after their enjoyments. The pregnant elephants try to
prevent other [male ones for further enjoyments. The female ones
generally will yield to those which have been moving with them for a
long time. The male ones do get food and give it to the female ones
when pregnant and remain with them alone pleasantly. Generally all
the birds and animals would play and dance very beautifully with
female ones before their enjoyments, like bulls, horses, elephants, deer,
dogs, parrots, cuckoos, chakravaka birds, peacocks, karandava
birds, swan and pigeons. The female elephants are always, sleepy
when pregnant and take very little food till their delivery period
(21 to 24 months.) They do not take food for 2 or 3 days after
delivery. Then they never leave their young ones aloof and give milk
often and ever remain with them. Till the end of 1st year young ones
suck their mother's milk and go with their mothers, playing. The
young ones play with mud and other things till 1 year. During their
2nd year they try to go to other forests with their crowds without
— 16 —

fear. Sometimes they play in water and cry aloud. They eat and
digest grass, plantains, suger-cane etc., Their youth begins in the 7th
year. Then they play with female ones. They wauder independently.
Their varieties are mentioned below.
[1st variety of ELEPHANTS]
(DANTI)
These varieties of elephants are blue in colour and have strong
big tusks, aud long trunks. They are generally over 9 feet tall and
very strong. They are capible of turning out any kind of work and
they never fail in their attempts. They are very strong and capable
of doing work from their child-hood. They are fond of hunting. They
possess beautiful eyes and cry pleasingly. They have stout penis and
tall legs and their walk is very fine. They are stout and have long
tails and fond of listening to their master's sweet words. They are
very grateful to their masters and mahouts. They have no temper
and have long memory. They can lift heavy loads and they have a
little passion.
[2nd variety of ELEPHANTS]
(DANTAVALA)
These varieties of elephants are very tall and black in colour.
Their heads are very big. They have very swift walk. They are very
stout and move always when fastened in the stable. They are very
shrewd and intelligent. They are very fond of great war and play in
water, mud and dust. They have much passion. They have much gra-
titude and strong memory. They will be good and kind after trained.
They are clean and having good scents. Their walk and cry are very
grand. They are fond of eating much. They have no bad qualities and
—17—

they are never idle at their work. They are pioneers in their crouds.
They are intelligent and angry when their masters punish them.
[3rd variety of ELEPHANTS.]
(HASTI)
These varieties of elephants are slow in walk and less powerful.
They possess beautiful bodies. They are very grateful to their masters
and fond of doing work every day and they will complete it happily.
They project their penis at passion times. Their eyes will be always
glittering. They are fond of playing in water, mud, dust etc., and fond
of music. They work only when punished.
[4th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(DWIRADA)
These varieties of elephants have pure white tusks but black
bodies. Though they are stout and strong they are short. Their heads
and trunks are very stout. They are always slow in walk, and eating
much. Their cries are very grand and amusing. They feel exhausted
even if their work is small. Though they are beautiful, they are
cowards. They lose temper like serpants if they are troubled. They
are fond of dressing. They will work according to the will of their
mahouts. Their breath is very hard.
[5th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(GAJA)
These varieties of elephants are huge blue coloured bodied ones.
They are very strong and powerful but they have neither proud nor
—18—

temperament. They would complete any kind of hard work.
They could not be controlled in their prime youth, At that time ruttish
water ouses out. They have stout stomachs. They would always
wave their trunks. They walk at the will of their mahouts. Their
tusks a little blackish white. There are numerous red dots on
their faces, when they are young. They walk very swiftly and
possess smooth bodies, beautiful eyes and pleasant cries. They are
quite impartial and long living.
[6th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(BHADRA GAJA)
These kinds of elephants are very tall and stout. These are
considered to be the best sort of elephants. They possess long trunks
having red colour at their nostrils and beautiful eyes. They are very
smooth. Some of them have red dots on their faces and some white
dots. Much ruttish water begins to ouse out while they enjoy youth.
They are always submissive to their mahouts and masters. They
can be very easily trained as they are very intelligent. They have
very good curls (marks). Their cries are very amusing. They are
very clever and patient at work. They would increase the prosperity
of their masters. They possess very strong memory and good smell.
They are very eager in hunting. They are capable of winning victory
in the great wars as they are very strong. Naturally they are good
and gain victory by destroying enemies. Their walk is very grand and
rapid when they lose temper. The Maharajahs always desire to go
upon this kind of elephants during their coronation time as they are
prosperous and wealthy.
—19—

[7th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(MANDA GAJA)
These kinds of elephants are not so tall as Bhadra elephants.
They are blue in colour, very stout and robust. Their stomachs are
still stouter than their bodies. Their trunks 'are also very stout and
the end of their trunks are red. They possess lion's eyes. They are
slow in walking. They amuse spectators. They are always very clever.
At times, they have a little anger. They remember their old training
and instructions when punished. They feel uneasy to some extent
when they are directed to do work. They are very fond of eating
sugar-cane, plaintains, grass etc. Their rut could not be checked when
they are young. They erect their penis owing to the increase of
passion in their prime youth. They destroy enemies in great battle by
pushing them. They carry very heavy loads when they are calm and
quiet. They carry very furiously when they are angry. They are
fond of hunting. They spend the whole of their youth with female
elephants while in the forests.
[8th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(MRIGA GAJA)
These kinds of elephants are very lean. They have long and lean
trunks and legs. They are a little bit feable. They have big eyes, and
stout tails, and they are not so beautiful as Bhadra and Manda ele-
phants. They are fickle-minded and bad tempered ones. They have
grey colour, with uniform bodies. At times they become out of senses.
They shirk work and they require punishment often. They are bad
scented ones. They have more passion. They possess lean tusks.
Some times they fail in their attempts.
—20—

[9th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(SANKEERNA GAJA)
Generally, those which have the same qualities and nature of
Bhadra, Manda and Mriga elephants (mentioned above) are called
Sankeerna elephants (mixed breed). These kinds of elephants grow
in abundance. These create prosperity to their masters. They are
very easily capturable. They will work very satisfactorily. Their
strength and enthusiasm are increased while they are at work. They
are very pleasant to look at. Though some are bad in their varieties
they are good after trained. They turn out all kinds of work, provided
they are fed well.
[10th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(MATANGAJA)
These kinds of elephants have huge and tall bodies. They are
very swift. Some are blue and some black in colour. Those which
are blue have white dots on their bodies and these which are black
have red dots. They always move their trunks. They do not know
how to walk slowly. They break down the trees and creepers
They are intelligent and very patient (calm) at work. They are very
powerful. They desire to move always with female elephants in
forests. They are fond of listening to sweet words. They are very
greatful to their masters. While they are young they are very proud
and they run like an arrow. They never fear for cold, rain and heavy
winds. They are always fond of playing in water. If any body sits on
it while walking, his body does not shake.
-21-

[11th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(PADMI)
These varieties of elephants desire always to play in lotus tanks.
They are fond of good sceneries, music, amusements, dressing silk
carpets and bells over them. They always desire to stand under the
shade of trees. They possess very beautiful bodies and peaceful minds.
Lotus like smell would be coming out of them. They increase their
master's prosperity. They work very satisfactorily and beautifully
when slightly punished and instructed. They are very shrewd and
cleaver in working according to the desire of their masters. They can
withstand hunger and thirst. They are fit for the kings, princes, and
ministers to ascend on them. At times, they are useful for hunting
purposes also.
[12th variety of ELEPHANTS
(IBHA)
These kinds of elephants are black in colour and moderate in
size. They are always a little bad in temper and have course bodies
and their cries are like thunder. They are not easily trainable. They
run fast with pride. They withstand rain, heavy winds, hot sun, and
fatigue and work well. They are very strong and ruttish in their
prime youth. They are pioneers of the war in destroying enemies and
thus get fame to their masters. They will always run terribly fast at
the slightest inspiration. They are good watch guards at the palace
gates, tents, and other places if they are kept. Their eyes are blood-
red when hunting.
— 22—

[13th variety of ELEPHANTS]
(STAMBERAMA)
These kinds of elephants are very stout and blue in colour, pos-
sessing very smooth bodies. Though they take a little food, they are
very powerful and strong. They are very shrewd and intelligent.
They never fail in any work and they are easily trainable. They can
withstand any kind of hard work and difficulties. Their nature would
be changed according to their age. They are always fond of listening
to sweet words, and they are very grateful to their masters. They
are not at all bad tempered. (They never lose temper). They are
fat when they are young. They have lions' eyes. Their appearance is
clean and smell good. They never injure other souls. They love others
and pleasing to all. There are many varieties of elephants borne in
forests as mentioned above. Generally, female elephants are of the
same qualities, nature and work. They have no tusks and they are
always calm and peaceful. They always feel shy and they are more
powerful and intelligent but, a little less in size. They are more beau-
tfull and smooth. They do not take much food. Their work is very
delightf ul.. They do give birth to 3 or 4 issues in their life time and
they have much affection towards their young ones like cows. They
love and please to all souls. Both sexes of elephants have their youth
till 40 years. After that time, they are not be so strong and fair as they
were in youth and are unfit for hard work. They caught by Keddah
in their 3rd year. They are well fed and given good training. They
are said to be invaluable gems. Their utmost age is 100 years. Owing
to their breed and work they are termed to be RAJASA UTTAMA or
superior in 2nd class.
—23—

7th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF HORSES.
There are seven varieties of horses. They are very keen. They
are in white, black, red or mixed colours. They have long faces and
long tails, and short and sharp ears. They have strong feet and single
hoofs. They are much powerful and very beautiful. They are fit for
riding and drawing vehicles. Those which have good curls (marks)
on their bodies would increase prosperity, wealth and health of their
masters. They are the main decorations of houses and places. They
are never idle and are fond of bunting. They have full passion in the
spring season, and their youth begins in their 4th or 5th year. They
are very strong, beautiful and powerful in their 6th year and they
try to join mares. They enjoy with mares in solitary places under
trees, bushes and in plains. After the first intercourse, mares become
pregnant. Then, they have foam in their mouths. The mares are
reduced and take a little food owing to wearisome. Their delivery
time is from 10 to 12 month. The young ones suck their mother's
milk till the end of 1st year running and playing with their mothers.
They try to eat grass and other tender herbs in their 2nd year and to
run fast. They are fit for riding and cart driving from their 4th year.
They must be trained in their early ages. Their varieties are
mentioned below:—
[1st variety of HORSES]
(TURANGA)
These varieties of horses are always white in colour. They
have long necks and faces. Their testicles and penis are short.
Generally they have good curls from birth. They are very
strong and powerful and are, always, smooth and peaceful. They
—24—

take a little food and are easily trainable. Their eyes are a little big.
They are moderate in size. Though they have much passion, they
are very submissive to their masters. They walk fast with uplifted
faces. They complete any kind of work satisfactorily. They produce
good smell and they appear very beautifully. Their walk, trot, canter,
jump, and gallop are excellent. Hence they are said to be the best
horses.
[2nd variety of HORSES]
(ASVA)
Horses of these kinds are red in colour. They have eyes of ho-
ney colour. They are 4 hasthas tall and they have much passion.
They are always calm but at times lose temper to a very little extent.
They run like an arrow. They are very strong and they never fail
in work. They are stout when young. Men can easily ride over
them. Their cries are somewhat like thunder. They can withstand
hunger and thirst. They are good in nature, healthy, and have good
scent. They possess small ears and long tails. They work with a
little haughtiness. They are very terrible while hunting and in war.
They have strong memory. They are not fickle minded. They feel
much when punished. They are fond of swimming in water. They
are good to all persons. They are fit for riding for ministers, com-
mander-in-chiefs, and Princes.
[3rd variety of HORSES]
(GHOTAKA)
They are of black colour and they are very powerful and
swift. They are always successful in work. They often cry. They
are very clean and short and have a little sleep. Their teeth are
—25—

smooth. They can withstand difficulties of work. They have stout
and strong necks. They bite their teeth often showing their anger
when punished. They are fond of war and hunting.
[4th variety of HORSES]
(ARVAN)
They are very short in size and are different colours. Though
they can not run swift, they can work well. They are always, happy.
Their cries are like thunder. They are very pleasing to their masters
and they are fond of sweet words. They take a little food and they
have little anger. They walk very beautifully. They have broad eyes.
They erect their penis long when they are very passionate. They are
always peaceful and healthy. They fear hunting. They are shrewd
having smooth-bodies. They like beautiful sceneries. They are very
faithful servants. They can carry heavy burdens.
[5th variety of HORSES]
(VAHA)
These are red in colour throughout their bodies but their faces
and legs are white. They have much power, strength and anger. They
are always short, but lengthy and have hanging testicles. Their cries
are pleasant. They have long and stout necks. They work hard and
well when punished. They possess strong memory, red tongues and
long tails. They are always kind and submissive to their masters.
Generally they have visible good curls (marks) on their bodies.
— 26—

[6th variety of HORSES]
(GANDHARVA)
These have different coloured spots on their bodies. They
are very tall. They are very superior ones, and are peaceful and
noble-minded. They are very submissive to their masters. Those
horses which are red throughout, have white colour in faces, breasts,
hinder portions and legs, or seperately in parts are the best ones, and
those which are white throughout have red colour in faces, breasts,
hinder portions and legs and in parts are said to be the best ones. They
are always very clean and shrewd in memory. They always consume
a little food. They are fit for all kinds of work, as war, hunting,
riding, drawing vehicles etc.,
[7th variety of HORSES]
(HAYA)
These kinds of horses are either white, red or black throughout
their bodies without mixture of colours. They have full of long
mane on their necks. They are very capable of walking in 5 kinds.
They have good qualities and much gratefulness. They have good
curls on their bodies. They are fond of hunting and war. They would
be victorious in war. They are not at all afraid of anything. They have
much passion and they appear very beautifully. They can withstand
heavy winds, rain and hot sun. They have broad faces. Tehy are good
for riding.
There are many kinds of horses in forest having these quali-
ties and nature. Those horses, which are cruel, having ash-colour,
irregular faces, ungratefulness, much passion, idleness, uninclination
for work and bad-scent are all bad ones. They decrease their
— 27 —

masters' prosperity. Therefore, the kings, princes and other noble per-
sons should choose good horses with good curls to increaase their
wealth and prosperity. They must be well fed and maintained in
stables. The mares are also of the same qualities and nature of the
horses, but are more beautiful and swift in walk. Their anger is less.
It would be very pleasant for persons to ride on them. They are easily
trainable and are successful in every kind of attempt. They possess
inborne intelligence. The youth, for the both horses and mares is
from the 5th to 16th year, when they become old. They become dull
and unfit for work. Their utmost age is 25 years. Owing to their good
qualities, kinds and work they are considered to be RAJASA UTTAMA
or superior in 2nd class.
8th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CAMELS.
There are 4 varieties of camels. Some are white, some reddish
brown, and some gray in colour. Their bodies are awkward and their
tails are very short. They are very patient (calm) and quiet-going
animals. They are not at all injurious to any soul on the face of the
earth. They eat always margosa leaves. They are very strong,
powerful and swift. They are dull-in-nature and their walk is very
ugly. Their lips and chins would always be moving. They are very tall
and have big humps. They have much passion during winter seasons.
Their youth begins in their 4th or 5th year. When they begiu to en-
joy with female ones in dark places, bushes, deserts and solitary
and depressed places. After pregnancy they deliver their young
— 28 —

ones in their 9th, 10th, 11th or 12th month. The young ones will
suck their mother's milk for some time and play with their mothers.
They will grow in abundance in Oasises only. They can bare heavy
burdens and run very swiftly even in their early ages. They are very
useful to human beings though they are low in breed.
[1st variety of CAMELS]
(USHTRA)
These varieties of camels are 7 or 8 karams tall. (9 or 10 feet)
Their lips would ever move. They have very tall legs and brown
coloured bodies. They run very fast with very heavy burdens. They
can withstand cold, sun's heat, hunger, and thirst. They like deserts
and run fast in deserts oaly. They possess huge humps and curved
long necks. They never feel exhaustion even though they walk a long
distance. At times they like to go into forests also.
[2nd variety of CAMELS]
(KRAMELAKA)
Camels of these kinds are grey in colour and can run very
swiftly. They have very big humps, and there is always much foam in
their mouths. They become very fat when young and they are always
healthy and strong. The hair on their bodies is generally long. They
can tolerate any kind of hardship at work. They are a little impatient
when hungry and terrible at times. When they are exhausted, their
eyes become red. They are very anxious to eat.
—29—

[3rd variety of CAMELS]
(DASERAKA)
These are whitish brown in colour and 10 hasthams in height.
They always desire to roam in the forest. They have much impa-
tience and terrible appearance and are not easily capturable. Supposing
they are captured and fastened with ropes, they try to cut them by
biting and go away. Though they complete the work entrusted to
them they are very ungreateful. Their breath is very long and they
are not inclined to listen sweet words. They possess some bad qualities.
Bad smell would be coming out of their bodies. It is impossible to
obstruct them while they are running fast.
[4th variety of CAMELS]
(MAHANGA)
They are tall more than 10 hasthas in height. They are most
powerful and brown in colour. They possess very long necks, legs and
hair on their bodies. They are very avaricious of eating of all kinds
of leaves in abundance including poisonous leaves. They are very
patient animals. They are very greateful to their masters. They ever
successful in their work. They are very easily trainable. They grow
very fatty in their youth times and are always healthy and strong.
They are fond of carrying stones and other weighty things. Though
they have ugly bodies, they are very strong and powerful. The female
ones resemble the male camels in all respects but with a less speed.
They are very kind and patient by nature. They are easily trainable.
They never fail to work and,they are very greateful to their masters.
They (both male and female) enjoy youth from the 4th to 16th year.
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