मृगपक्षी-शास्त्र (हंसदेव - १३वीं शती का अमर भारतीय वन्यजीव, पक्षी एवं प्राणि-विज्ञान)

and feet. They never stoop to do bad and mean actions and they have
some good qualities. The pea-hens also resemble the pea-cocks in all
respects but have no crowns on their heads. They often turn their
necks. Their walk is very nice and fair. They have beautiful wings.
Their crests resemble the rainbow for colours. They are very calm
minded. They have much passion when they are in forests. The youth
for both the sexes is till 5 years. Their utmost age is 6 years. Owing
to creed and nature, they are called Rajasa Uttama or superior in
2nd class.
[31st GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PIGEONS.
The pigeons are of 3 varities. Some are bluish green and some
gray in colour. Their necks are a little white. Their cry is very plea-
ing. The sight of these pigeons increases passion of the young couples.
They have calm-minds, beautiful wings and very smooth bodies.
They dwell in branches of trees and in holes of houses and towers.
Though they are kept in cages by people, they like freedom. They
often fly high in the air. They are much passionate. They eat fruits
grains and flesh. Their different kinds of play give amusements to
lookers on. They are easily trainable. They cannot withstand rain,
cold and hot Sun. They have much passion in winter season and have
prime youth in their 1st year. When they cohabit with the female
pigeons and give pregnancy to them. Their varieties are described
below:—
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[1st variety of PIGEONS]
(PARAVATA)
These kinds of pigeons are blackish in colour. Their necks are
blackish-grey. They have small beaks, small legs and beutiful wings.
They would always, make circle in the sky. They are very calm and
quiet going. They would ever be with their female birds owing to full
passion. They fly in the air collectively to a great distance. Their cry
is rather very harsh. They play in different moods in evenings. They
are easily trainable. They are coward by nature. They are much afraid
of hot Sun, cold and wind etc., They would always dwell in shades.
They are very grateful. They walk slowly in day times and sleep a
little. They have strong memory. They eat fruits, flesh etc., very
eagerly.
[2nd variety of PIGEONS]
(KALARAVA)
This kind of pigeon cries very curiously and cheerfully and
once they are called Kalaravas, their bodies are black and wings
white. There are dots of different colours on the tails, necks and
breasts. They have red eyes and feet. They are a little tall in size.
They have stout stomachs and floated haughtiness. They have irri-
tation owing to anger at times. They give pleasure in rainy season.
They eat grains insects and flesh much. They quarrel amongst them-
selves. They attack their enemy birds. They are fond of hunting.
They can go to strange places and live. They are successful in their-
work. Good odour would be blowing out of their bodies. They have
neither laziness nor sound sleep. They are much passionate at times.
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[3rd variety of PIGEONS]
(KOPOTA)
They are deep greenish-blue in colour. Their necks are pure'
white. Some have red beaks and some yellow beaks. Their bodies
are small, legs stout, and wings broad. They have long tails. Though
they fly very distant in the sky, they have no fatigue. They are fond
of dwelling in houses. They are coward by nature but strong and power-
ful. They eat food, grains, fruits, insects, flesh etc. The female pigeons
too resemble the male ones in all respects. They are more beautiful
and more calm-minded. They play in various manners. Their youth
is till 4th year. Their utmost age is 5 years.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BLUE-JAYS.
There are 2 varieties of Blue-jays. They are blue coloured
with whitish blue wings and a little smaller than the pigeons. They
are calm-natured. They increases much passion to human young
couples.
[1st variety of BLUE-JAYS]
(CHASHA)
This variety of blue-jay is dark blue in colour w.th very short
beaks, broad wings and very smooth bodies. They often jump and play,
especially, in mornings and evenings. They are much pleased and give
happiness to people if they are smeared on their bodies. They often
drink water and live always by the side of water. They are much
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reduced in summer. Their eyes would become red in the mid-day.
They do not eat much food. They would always be accomanying their
female ones owing to heavy passion. Some of these birds have red
dots on their bodies.
[2nd variety of BLUE-JAYS]
(KIKIDIVI)
This kind of blue-jay always produce Ki-Ki cry. Hence they
are called Ki-Ki-Divi. Their bodies are blue in colour. except their
heads, breasts and ends of wings of whitish colour. They are very
smooth bodied birds. They are very swift in the sky. Though they are
separate and single at other times, they would fly collectively in mor-
nings and evenings. They would be sitting by the side of water-pots if
they happen to be in houses and by the bunds of the tank or rivers if
they be in forests. Tae corners of their eyes are either yellowish in
colour or of various coloured dots. They eat good flesh, milk and
curd etc. The people, in general, are very happy when they happen
to play or be with the parrots, blue jays and Shakora birds. The female
birds, too, resemble the male blue-jays in all respects. Their utmost
age is 3 years. Owing to good nature and creed they are called Rajasa
Uttama or Superior in 2nd class.
32nd GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF COCKS.
There are 4 varieties of cocks. They, generally, live in villages
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and towns. They are yellowish, red, brown, or of different colours.
Their feathers are rough. They have long beaks, and falling paces
in walk. They would run very swift when they are angry. They cannot
fly high in the air to a great distance. They are dull-natured and
much passionate once in three hours. They generally live in cool
places. They are afraid of hot Sun and cold wind etc. They do show
the actual time by their long cry. They will eat insects, grains, food
and other nuisance. At times they are very impatient. There are
crowns on their heads. Within a year they get their prime youth and
passion. They are ever much passionate. They would often cohabit
with the hens and give pregnancy to them. At a time they will lay 6
to 8 eggs. The chickens come out of the eggs after a month and be
with their mothers. They live collectively. Their varieties are men-
tioned below:--
[1st variety of COCKS]
(KRAKAVAKU)
These kinds of cocks are of several colours, but, their wings
are red. They have yellowish beaks, very long cry and quick move-
ments. They are a little tall in size. They are coward and always
live in shades. Though they are collectively playing with one another,
they quarrel with each other unnecessarily. They are always fond of
eating much. They have rough feathers and untimely irritation
of anger.
[2nd variety of COCKS]
(TAMRACHUDA)
These varieties of cocks are red in colour with white wings.
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They have stout bodies, stout necks, sharp and short red beaks and a
little smooth feathers and stout tails. They have much irritation of
anger. Invariably, once in 3 hours. they do cry. They are a littie fearful
when quarrelling. They are afraid of hot-Sun and rain. They are
always with hens. They sleep in mid-day, especially, in summer.
[3rd variety of COCKS]
(KUKKUTA)
These varieties of cocks are brown in colour having red beaks
and are short in size and quarrelsome with each other. They are slow
in walk and a little passionate. They play in mire and have much
bad smell. They eat dung, insects and ants etc. They are dull-nature,
and sleepy. They are unfit for training. They are afraid of big noised
as beating of drums etc., Their cry is awfully unpleasant. They go wa-
ving their wings when irritated. These sorts of cocks do always wicked
and mean actions. Hence they should not be tamed.
[4th variety of COCKS]
(CHARANAYUDHA)
These varieties of cocks are of one uniform colour on their
bodies. They are called Charanaiyudha. They are stout bodied and
long legged birds. They have broad wings and thick feathers. They
lift their heads while walking. They have sharp and long nails. They
are fearful to other cocks and hens when angry. They are calm-
natured and keen. At times they go and remain by the shade of trees.
They have smooth and beautiful bodies. Once in three hours they
also cry invariably. Their cry is pleasing. They are fond of playing
often. They eat curd, milk, food etc, and never eat mean things.
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They have stout bodies, stout necks, sharp and short red beaks and a
little smooth feathers and stout tails. They have much irritation of
anger. Invariably, once in 3 hours. they do cry. They are a littie fearful
when quarrelling. They are afraid of hot-Sun and rain. They are
always with hens. They sleep in mid-day, especially, in summer.
[3rd variety of COCKS]
(KUKKUTA)
These varieties of cocks are brown in colour having red beaks
and are short in size and quarrelsome with each other. They are slow
in walk and a little passionate. They play in mire and have much
bad smell. They eat dung, insects and ants etc. They are dull-nature,
and sleepy. They are unfit for training. They are afraid of big noised
as beating of drums etc., Their cry is awfully unpleasant. They go wa-
ving their wings when irritated. These sorts of cocks do always wicked
and mean actions. Hence they should not be tamed.
[4th variety of COCKS]
(CHARANAYUDHA)
These varieties of cocks are of one uniform colour on their
bodies. They are called Charanaiyudha. They are stout bodied and
long legged birds. They have broad wings and thick feathers. They
lift their heads while walking. They have sharp and long nails. They
are fearful to other cocks and hens when angry. They are calm-
natured and keen. At times they go and remain by the shade of trees.
They have smooth and beautiful bodies. Once in three hours they
also cry invariably. Their cry is pleasing. They are fond of playing
often. They eat curd, milk, food etc, and never eat mean things.
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They are fit to be used as watch-guards in some places at times.
There are many varieties of cocks of the same qualities which
are not described here Some cocks live in the forests and they are a
little bit cruel and carnivorous They are not beautiful to look at and
their cry is unplesant. They are quite unfit to be trained and kept in
houses as they are useless ones. The hens have the same resemb-
lances in all respects save crowns on their heads. Some hens lay
many eggs often and some, occasionally, a few. Their utmost age
is 2½ years. Owing to nature, and qualities, they are called Tamasa
Uttama or superior in 3rd class.
33rd GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CHATAKA AND KARETU
BIRDS.
There are 2 varieties of Chataka birds (otherwise called Spar-
rows) and 2 varieties of Karetu birds, (another kind of sparrows.)
The Chataka and Karetu birds generally live in villages and towns and
some in forests. They are short and smooth and brown in colour.
They can fly swift in the air. They are much afraid of noise. They
pick up grains spread on the floor and eat them. They have lean legs,
short tails and pleasant cry. Their youth begins after the 1st year and
they begin to cohabit with their female birds very often. The female
birds. begin to lay eggs after one year. Their varieties are described
below:—
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[1st variety of SPARROWS]
(CHATAKA)
These kinds of sparrows are brown in colour having white
wings. They are a little tall and their legs, beaks and heads are a
little long. They cry in the mornings and show the people, in general,
the morning hours with their beautiful cry like crows and cocks.
They are smooth, grateful and fond of hearing their masters' sweet
words. They jump and play both in mornings and evenings. They
often drink water in the mid-day owing to unbearable heat. They live
always in shades and they are very much passionate.
[2nd variety of SPARROWS]
(KĀLAVINKA)
These kinds of sparrows are short in size brown in colour through-
out and their wings are either blue or black. Their eyes and feet are
blood-red in colour. They have long nails, small beaks and small legs
They become a little stout and often play ; in various modes during
spring season . There are thick and long feathers on their wings.
Some have broad wings and some short wings. They generally live with
their female sparrows. They are coward by nature and grateful to
their masters. They eat fruits, milk, curd, flesh etc., Their cry is
pleasant. There are many kinds of sparrows of various colours un-
described here. The female sparrows too resemble the male ones in
all respects. Their utmost age is 2 years. Owing to nature and creed,
they are called Tamasa Madhyama or middle in 3rd class.
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[1st variety of KARETU BIRDS]
(KARETU)
The Karetu birds resemble Chataka birds. They are black like
crows but the ends of their wings are white in colour. Some have
various dots. They would, collectively, fly very swift in the sky. They
live in shades and by the sides of water. Their cry is, rather, unplea-
sant and they are ungrateful.
[2nd variety of KAKARETU BIRDS]
(KARETU)
This kind of Karetu bird is a little tall. They are either white,
black, brown or of various colours. They are not fair in appearance.
They have long beaks, long necks and legs. They have broad wings-
with rough feathers. Their cry is very unpleasant. They swiftly fly
high in the sky. They often quarrel amongst themselves. They would
fight with smaller birds and injure them unnecessarily. They are un-
fit for training and bad smell would be coming out of their bodies.
They live always in forests and invariably, eat flesh. The Karetu and
Kar-Karetu birds should not be trained and kept in houses. Their
utmost age is 2 years. Owing to nature and creed, they are called
Tamasa-Adhama or inferior in 3rd class.
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34th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF HERON AND
DARVAGHATA BIRDS.
Each of Heron and Darvaaghata birds are two in varieties.
They are either white, black, blue, or brown in colour. The heron
birds are a little tall with long legs, 'long beaks and very long necks
and small eyes. Their cry is very unpleasant and their appearance is
ugly. Their feathers are very rough. They are dull-natured. They are
afraid of big noises and hunting. They eat flesh and grains etc. They
stoop to do mean actions as they are mean-minded. Those which have
one unifrom and single colour are very stout in their youth and
they always cohabit with their female birds. Their varieties are
mentioned below:—
[1st variety of HERON BIRDS]
(LOHAPRISHTA)
This variety of heron bird is white in colour throughout with
black coloured wings. They have very long legs, and necks and stout
tails. Their cry is awkward. They become stout in their youth. They
slowly fly in the air. 'Though they fly in the air collectively, they
quarrel amongst themselves at times. They are less impatient and
very passionate. They are dull-natured birds and they sleep a little
in day times. They would prove to be successful and grateful if they
are trained with great difficulty. They always live in cool places.
Their bodies are smooth and their eyes bocome red when they are
impatient.
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[2nd variety of HERON BIRDS]
(KURANTAKA)
This kind of heron bird has black body and white wings. Some
have various coloured dots. They have broad wings and their legs
are neither too tall nor too short. They fly in the air very swiftly.
They possess long nails and short necks. Their cry is a little pass-
able. They are fond of living in houses also. They always follow
their female birds owing to extreme passion. They are neither too
stout nor too lean. 'They are much afraid of rain, and cool winds.
They play, cheerfully, both in mornings and evenings. 'There are
many varieties of heron birds in forests possessing the same nature,
colour, and qualities. Their utmost age is 2½ years.
[1st variety of DARVAGHATA BIRDS]
(DARVAGHATA)
These kinds of Daravaghata birds are brown in colour having
white wings. They have either red or white dots on their bodies.
They have long legs, small beaks, broad wings, and beautiful cry.
They are stout in the spring season, like peacocks. They like to dwell
in houses. They amuse people by exhibiting their skill of play. They
collectively, fly in the air. They have extreme passion. They take a
litte food and are less impatient.
[2nd variety of DARVAGHATA BIRDS]
(SATAPATRA)
These kinds of Satapatra birds are whitish-black in colour
with red beaks and reddish legs. They have various coloured big
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spots on their broad wings like peacocks. Those birds, which do not
possess such spots on their wings, at least have various coloured dots
on their bodies. The Satapatra birds are generally stout. They live
in houses and hear sweet words. They dance in various ways. Their
cry is cheerful, and they would become more stout in the spring
season. They are easily trainable. After training, they can speak a
few words. They like to live in cool and shady places. There are
many varieties of Darvaghata birds possessing the same nature, and
qualities in forests. The female birds too do resemble the male ones
in all respects. They are calm-natured birds and they can dance more
beautifully. Their utmost age is 2½ years. Owing to nature and
creed, they are considered to be Tamasa Adhama or inferior in 3rd
class.
35th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WAG TAILS, SKY LARKS,
AND KALINGA BIRDS.
There are 2 varities of Wag-tail and Sky-lark birds and 3 of
Kalinga birds. They all live, generally, in forests. They are calm-
natured birds. Though they are different in colours,their nature and
qualities are the same. They have small bodies and their cry is plea-
sent. Their play in various modes attracts every-body's mind. They
have extreme passion in spring and winter seasons.Their youth begins
in the twelth month when they would cohabit with female birds and
and give pregnancy to them.
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[1st variety of WAGTAILS.]
(KHANJARITA)
These varieties of Wag tails are jet black in colour and having
very long tails. They have smooth bodies and beautiful wings. They
fly collectively, quickly and high in the sky. They desire to live in shade.
They are afraid of people They are very quiet and begin to speak a few
words when fully trained. Their walk is beautiful. They are ever
cheerful. They often drink water when hungry and thirsty. They are
easily capturable. They eat flesh, fruits, curd and grains etc. They would
ever be following their female birds owing to extreme passion. They
are good to all birds. Their cry will show the forecoming good or
bad to people.
[2nd variety of WAG TAILS]
(KHANJANA)
These varieties of Wag tails are deep bule in colour and a
little tall in size. They have long beaks, broad wings, and they be-
autifully cry. They fly, collectively, to a great distance in the sky.
They live in cool places and they are afraid of great noises. They are
easily obtainable and trainable. They have a little of passion and
floated haughtiness. They play well, collectively, both in mornings
and evenings. Some have red dots on their bodies, red beaks and
reddish legs. They always wander with their female birds in their
youth.
[1st variety of SKY LARKS]
(VYAGHRATA)
This variety of Sky lark is whitish-black in colour. There
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appear many red dots on their bodies. They have red beaks, a little
long legs, short tails and smooth bodies. They like to dwell in good-
scented trees. They cannot withstand hunger, thrist, hot Sun and
cool winds. They often play in water in day time. Their cry is plea-
sant in the Spring season. They are fond of music. They are easily
trainable.
[2nd variety of SKY LARKS]
(BHARADWAJA)
These kinds of Sky larks are blue in colour with white dots
on their bodies. They are a little tall. Their beaks are also white.
They have short tails, short legs and braod wings. They live always
in trees possessing good flowers. Naturally, they have good smell.
Their cry is very cheerful. They have strong memory and are easily
trainable. They are fond of playing in water. They have long sight.
They amuse people. They are fond of hunting. They have also
other good qualities. They are more or less ornaments of houses.
[1st variety of KALINGA BIRDS]
(KALINGA)
They are black in colour with black tails, yellowish wings and
necks. They are short bodied and calm-natured birds. They are much
bloated with haughtiness in Spring Season and they play in various
modes. They increase passion of people. Their eyes are blood-red
when angry. They desire to dwell ,in shades always. They are afraid
of great noises. They are keen and clever. They eat fruits and
flesh etc.,
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[2nd variety of KALINGA BIRDS].
(BHRINGA-WREN)
These kinds of Kalinga Birds are either black or blue in colour
and very small in size. They become stout in Spring season and sing
in various ways. Some have white throats. They have glittering
bodies and they sleep in day times. They are kind and grateful. They
eat fruits, flesh, curd, and grains etc. They are very quick and fly,
collectively, in the sky. They are devoid of dullness and impatience.
Their eyes are beautiful when they are young. They are afraid of
great noises.
[3rd variety of KALINGA BIRDS]
'DHUMYATA WHITE THROATED SPARROWS)
This kind of Kalinga bird is of any colour; but, invariably,
their throats are white. They have very long tails and beautiful wings.
They sing songs beautifully. They are beautiful to look at. They often
produce Chun-Chun noise even when they are flying in the sky. The
peoples passion increases when they see these birds with the female
ones. They live by the side of water and often drink water in sum-
mer. Their bodies would be faded on account of excess of Sun's heat
during day times. They have a little of sleep and impatience. Though
they are a little impatient, their eyes are red. They can speak a few
words when trained well. They have many other good qualities. They
are greateful. Their female birds too resemble their male ones in all
respects. They are easily obtainable and trainable as they are very
calm-natured. They would often play in various ways. Their utmost
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age is $2\frac{1}{2}$ years. Owing to nature and creed, they are called Tamasa
Adhama or inferior in 3rd class.
36th GROUP.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PLAVA AND 5 OTHER BIRDS.
There are many varieties of Plava, Tittiri, Kukkubha, Lava,
Koyashti and Harita birds; but most important variety for each kind
of bird is described below. They are either black, white, red or brown,
or of compound colours. They are said to be domestic and very calm-
natured birds. At times, they sing songs and live collectively in the
shade of trees. They are keen and clever, easily trainable and very
grateful. Their prime youth begins in their first year. In Winter and
Spring seasons, they cohabit with their female ones and give pregnancy
to them. Their varieties are mentioned below:—
PLAVA BIRDS.
They have blood-red eyes, white coloured bodies, and small
wings. Some have red dots on their bodies. They look at the sky.
They live collectively. They are calm-natured and grateful birds.
They sleep a little in day times. They play in water, in the mid-day
and generally play on land and sky both in mornings and evenings.
Their cry is pleasant. They eat fruits, grains, curd and milk etc.
TITTIRI BIRDS.
They have white coloured necks, and they are either black,
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red, or brown in colour. They can speak a few words when trained
well. They are very calm-natured birds. They fly to a great distance
both in mornings and evenings with their group. They are clever and
easily trainable. They are ever happy. They are very stout and strong
in Spring season. They never seperates from their female birds
owing to extreme passion. They are not impatient.
KUKKUBHA BIRDS.
They are brown coloured and stout bodied birds. They have long
tails, lean legs and broad wings. They are calm-natured and beautiful
ones to look at. They are easily trainable and can play in various
ways with pleasant cry. They increase passion to young human couples.
LAVA BIRDS.
They are white-bodied and black-winged or black bodied and
white-winged ones. They are always with combination of any two
colours in their bodies and wings. They are smooth and calm natured.
During mid-day their bodies fade and they sleep for some time. They
are much passionate and are always with their female birds. They are
afraid of thunder and their cry is cheerful.
KOYASHTI BIRDS.
There is white colour on the upper portion of their bodies and
black on the lower portion or black on the upper portion and white
on the lower, or red on the upper and white on the lower. They are
called Koyashti birds. They are calm natured and grateful ones.
Their cry is pleasant. They fly in the air with their comrades and play
in various modes. They are stout in spring season and are always with
their female birds.
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HARITA BIRDS.
There is a combination of 3 or 4 colours on their bodies. They
always live by the side of mountains crying pleassantly. They become
stout in rainy season and their cry is long and loud. They play in vari-
ous modes both in water and on land, in day time. They are easily
capturable and trainable. They fade on account of hot Sun and they
are afraid of hunting, big noises, rain and cold winds. There are many
hundred of birds, bigger and smaller than sparrows, differing in colo-
urs, nature and qualities.
CONCLUSION:—
All kinds of birds are said to be the ornaments of trees. The
organs of male and female birds of any kind from Swan to Harita-
ones could not be easily seen by naked eye. The male and female
birds could not easily be indentified. Their menstrual course could
not be seen by human beings. But, everything could be seen and
identified of all animals previously mentioned. Unless people move
very closely and minutely with all the animals and birds, they can
not understand their nature, qualities, intercourse time, the method
of cohabitation, various methods of lonely plays, bad and good tem-
per, period of pregnancy, and signs of abhortion etc. Though all the
animals and birds, are, naturally bad in temper, they could be turned
as good ones by good training. The animels and birds which are
good and friendly among themselves, should be grouped in one place
and those which are bad enemical amongst themselves, in another
place. They must be kept in palaces, gardens, halls, cages, and by the
side of tanks and wells. The different kinds of food should be given
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to them as per their desire according to the changes of seasons and
climate and thus, be protected well. The main nature and qualities of
the main breeds of all animals and birds have been described in this
Zoology and those of the mixed breed of animals and birds, may be
learnt by intel-ligent persons. Owing to the living of all animals and
birds by the side of rivers and lakes and in forests, mountains,
trees and lakes and rivers, their nature, colour and qualities do differ
from those, which live in towns, palaces, and gardens and other places.
They have been described in this work to some extent. Detailed
description in full may be learnt from the learned Pandits.
BY THE ORDER OF THE KING SAUDA DEVA,
I (AUTHOR) HAVE WRITTEN THIS BOOK, WHICH IS
A SUN'S RACE TO HIS LOTUS MIND
— ⚏ —
END OF SECOND PART CONTAINING THE 'DESCRIPTION
OF THE BIRDS IN THE ZOOLOGY OF HAMSA
DEVA OF MANDAKA VILLAGE.
❖
[FINIS]
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