294 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
palm-leaf records, was reigning in the time of Yayâti or Yayâtikêsarin; and upon his
acceptance of Stirling's date of A.D. 474 to 526 (or 473 to 520) for Yayâtikêsarin, as
correct. I shall discuss the matter at length hereafter. It is sufficient to say, here, that
the date of Yayâtikêsarin, derived from the Orissa records, is altogether unreliable, and is
too early by at least about four centuries; and that, if the identification of the two
Śivaguptas is correct, it leaves no doubt whatever that Tîvaradêva cannot be allotted to
an earlier date than roughly about A.D. 800.
TEXT.¹
The Seal.
a Śrîmat²-Tî³varadêvasya Kôsal-
âdhipatêr=idaṁ
b śâsanaṁ dharmma-vṛiddhy-arttha[ṁ]
sthiram=â-chandra-târakam [॥]
First Plate.
1 Ôm [॥] Jayati⁴ jagat-[t*]raya-tilaka[ḥ*] kshitibhṛit-kula-bhavana-
maṅgala-sûtra[ḥ*] śrîi(śrî)mat-Ti(tî)varadêvô dhaurêya[ḥ*] sa-
2 kala-puṇyakṛitâṁ [॥] Sta(sva)sti Śrîi(śrî)purât=samadhigatapañcha-
mahâśabd-ânêka-nata-nṛipati-kiri(rî)ṭa-
3 kôṭi-ghṛiṣṭa(shṭa)-charaṇa-nakha-darpaṇ-ôdbhâsitô=pi kanthad-unmukha-prakaṭa-
ripu-râja-lakshmî(kshmî)-
4 kêśapâś-âkarshaṇa-durlalita-pâṇipalla[vô] niśita-nistri(stri)ṁśa-ghana-ghâta-pâtit-
âri-dvirada-ku-
5 mbha-maṇḍala-galad-va(ba)hala - śôṇita - sad - âsikta - muktâphala - prakara - maṇḍita-
raṇâṅgana-
6 dvi(vi)vidha-ratna-saṁbhâ⁵ra-lâbha-lôbha-vijṛimbhamâṇ-âri - kshâravâri - vâḍavânalaś=
chandr-ôdaya iv=âkṛita-
7 kar-ôdvêgaḥ kshi(kshi)rôda iv=âdvi(vi)rbhût-ânêk-âtiśayi-ratna-sampat
Garutmân=iva bhujaṅg-ôddhâra-chatura[ḥ*]
8 parâmṛishṭa-ga(śa)tru-kalatra-nêtr - âm̃jana - kômala - kapôla - kuṅkumapatra - bhaṅgat
śishṭ-âchâra-bya(vya)vasthâ-
9 paripâlan-aika-datta-chitta[ḥ*] [।¹*] api cha prâktanê tapasi yaśasi
rahasi chêtasi chakshushi ba(va)p[u]-
Second Plate; First Side.
10 shi cha pûjitô janên=âklishṭatayâ nitântam=a-vitṛiptô gûḍhô(ḍhô) gâḍa(ḍha)-
svachchha-prasanna-ya(va)da-
¹ From the original plates. ² Metre, Ślôka (Anushṭubh).
³ The vowel is somewhat damaged, and it is difficult to say whether i was engraved, or î. In
lines 1 and 18, the short vowel is used in this name; and, in fact, i is used for î throughout the
greater part of the inscription; but the metre of line 1 shews that, in this name, the long vowel î is
the correct one.
⁴ Metre, Âryâ; but one short syllable is wanting in the second pâda.
⁵ The vowel â is partly destroyed by the ring-hole of the plate.

nêna ch=âlaṅkṛita[ḥ*] svâmi-bhavan[ê*]=py=a-bahu-lapanô=n-ujjhitah ku-tṛishṇô-
pi nitânta-tyâ-
gî(gî) ripu-jana-prachaṇḍô=pi sô(sau)mya-darśanô bhûti-vibhûshaṇô=py=a-
parushaḥ svabhâva[taḥ*] ki-
ñch=â-santushṭô dharm-ârjanêna sampal-lâbhê svalpa-krôdhêna prabhave
lubdhô yaśasi na pa-
ra-vitt-âpahârê sa(śa)k[l]aḥ subhâsi(shi)têshu na kâmini(nî)-kṛii(kṛî)ḍâsu
pratâp-ânala-dagdh-âśêsha-
ripu-kula-tûlarâśis=tuhinaśilâśaila-dhavala-yaśô-râśi-prakasita-diganta[ḥ*] kânta[ḥ*]
prakṛityâ
śrîi(śrî)mad-Indrabala-sûnôr=alaṅkṛita-Pâṇḍuvaṅśasya śrîi(śrî)-Nannadêvasya
tanaya-prâptaḥ sva-puṇya(ṇya)-
saṁbhâra-prasa(śa)mit-âśêsha-jagad-upadravaḥ sva-prajñâ-śû(su)chi-samuddhṛit-
âkhila-kaṇṭakaḥ para-
mayaishṇavô mâtâpitṛi-pâd-ânudhyâtaḥ śrîi(śrî)-Mahâśiva-Tîra¹râjaḥ
kuśalî ॥² Peṇṭhâma-bhuktîya-

Second Plate; Second Side.

19 Pimparipadrakê brâhmaṇâṁ(n) saṁpûjya prativâsinaḥ samâjñâ-
payati [।*] Viditam=astu
20 bhavatâṁ yath=âsmâbhir=ayaṁ grâmô yâvad=ravi-śaśi-târâ-kiraṇa-pratihata-
ghôr-ândhakâraṁ ja-
21 gad=avatishṭhatê tâvad=upabhôgya[ḥ*] sa-nidhiḥ s-ôpanidhiḥr³=a-châṭa-bhaṭa-
pravêś[ô*] dâ-
22 radraṇaka-sarva-kar-âdâna-samêtô mâtâ⁵pitrôr=âtmanaś=cha puṇy-âbhi-
vṛi(vṛi)⁶ddhayê Bhâ-
23 radvâjasagôtra - VâjasanêyaMâdhyandina bhaṭṭaGauridattaputra - bhaṭṭa-
24 Bhavadatta-bhaṭṭaHaradattâbhyâṁ Jyêshṭha-dvâdaśyâm=udaka-pûrvaṁ prati-
pâdita i-
25 ty=avagamya bhavadbhir=yath-ôchitam=asmai⁷ bhôga-bhâgam=upanayadbhịḥ
sukham-prati-
26 vastabya(vya)m=iti ॥ Bhâvinaś=cha bhûmipâlân=uddiśy=êdam=abhidhîyatê [।*]
Bhûmi⁸-pra-
27 dâ divi lalanti patanti hṛi(ha)nta hṛitvâ mahi⁹ nṛipatayô narakê
nṛi-śaṁsâḥ

Third Plate.

28 êtad=[d*]vaya[ṁ*] parikalayya chalâñ=cha lakshmi(kshmî)m=âyus=tathâ
kuruta yad=bhavatâm=abhi(bhî)shṭa[ṁ] [॥*]

Footnotes

¹ Read tîvara. The engraver first cut the râ, of râjaḥ, omitting both va and ra; and then, partially cancelling the â, he omitted to insert the va.
² This mark of punctuation is unnecessary.
³ Read s-ôpanidhir.
⁴ The engraver first formed va, and then corrected it into ta.
⁵ The engraver first began to form pitrô, and then corrected it into mâtâ.
⁶ The engraver first formed brii, and then partially cancelled the superscript i.
⁷ Read âbhyâm.
⁸ Metre, Vasantatilaka.
⁹ Read mahîṁ.

296 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
29 Api cha [|] Raksh¹-âpâlanayôs=tâvat=phalaṁ su-gati dur-gati kô nâma
svargaṁ=uchchhri(tsri)jya
30 narakaṁ pratipadyatê [||] Byâ(vyâ)sa-gi(gî)tâṁś=ch=âtra ślôkân=udâharanti [|]
Agnêr²=a[pa]tyaṁ prathamaṁ
31 suvarṇaṁ bhûr=vaishṇavi(vî) sûryya-sutâś=cha gâvaḥ dattâ[s*]=trayas=
têna bhavanti lôkâ yaḥ kâñchanaṁ gâ-
32 ñ=cha mahi(hî)ñ=cha³ dadyâ[t*] [||] Shashṭi⁴-varsha-sahasrâṇi svargê
môdati bhûmi-daḥ âkshêptâ
33 ch=ânumantâ cha tâny=êva narakê vasêt [||] Bahubhir=vasudhâ dattâ
râjabhiḥ Sagar-âdibhiḥ
34 yasya yasya yadâ bhûmi[s*]=tasya tasya tadâ phalaṁ [||] Sva-
dattâṁ para-dattâṁ bâ(vâ) yatnâd=raksha
35 Yudhishṭhiraḥ⁵ mahi⁶ mahimatâṁ śrêshṭha dânâ śrêyô⁷-nupâlanam=
iti || Pravarddhamâna-
36 vijaya-râjya-samvatsaru⁸ 7 Kârttika divasu ashṭha(shṭa)mu 8 [||]
TRANSLATION.
The Seal.
This charter, which is for the sake of
the increase of religion, of the illustrious
Tîvaradêva, the supreme lord of (the
country of) Kôsala, shall endure firmly as
long as the moon and the stars!
The Plates.
Ôm! Victorious is the illustrious Tîvaradêva, the ornament of the three worlds;
' the auspicious thread of the palaces of the race of kings; the most energetic of all those
who do works of religion!
(Line 2.)—Hail! From the town of Śrîpura;—He who verily is made resplendent
by the mirror of the nails of (his) feet, that is polished by a crore of diadems of the many
kings, bowing down (before him in the act of performing obeisance), who have attained
the pañchamahâśabda;⁹—whose fingers are discourteous in pulling the flowing tresses of
¹ Metre, Ślôka (Anushṭubh). ² Metre, Indravajrâ.
³ This ñcha is imperfect in the lower part. It was repeated, and formed completely; but the
greater part of the second ñcha was then destroyed by the ring-hole.
⁴ Metre, Ślôka (Anushṭubh); and in the following two verses.
⁵ Read yudhishṭhira. ⁶ Read mahiṁ. ⁷ Read dânâch=chhrêyô.
⁸ Here, and in divasu and ashṭamu, we have evidently a vernacular termination.—As regards
the interpretation of the year and the day, see page 292 above, notes 1 and 2.
⁹ pañchamahâśabda; lit. 'five great sounds'—This is a technical expression, the meaning of
which remained for a long time in doubt.—In Monier Williams' Sanskrit Dictionary mahâśabda is
given as meaning 'an official title beginning with the word mahâ ('great');' and pañchamahâśabda, in
accordance with this, would denote five titles of rank and honour, such as Mahârâja, Mahâmaṇḍa-
lêśvara, Mahâsâmanta, &c. This explanation was adopted by me (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol.
X. p. 307, note), in preference to a suggestion previously made to me (id. Vol. IX. p. 307, note),
that the term was identical with the pañchamahâmantra of the Jains, and denoted the five titles of
Arhat, Siddha, Âchârya, Upâdhyâya, and Sarvasâdhu. And, finding the five titles of Mahâsâmanta,

Here is the complete transcription of the text and the inscription from Plate XLV of Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III (Fleet, No. 81: Rājim Copper-Plate Inscription of the Rājā Tīvaradeva).

Page Information and Margins

Vol. III.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM
Plate xlv.
Rajim Plates: the Raja Tivaradeva.
J. F. FLEET, BO. C.S.
SCALE .50
W. GRIGGS PHOTO-LITH.

The Seal (Center)

श्रीमत्तीवरदेवस्य कोसलाधिपतेरिदं [।*]
शासनान्यप्रनृपतेः शासनानि प्रवर्त्तनम् [॥*]
(Śrīmat-Tīvaradevasya Kosalādhipater-idaṁ | śāsanāny-apra-nṛpateḥ śāsanāni pravarttanam ||)

Plate I

ओं स्वस्ति [॥*] श्रीपुरान् जित-विहित-सकल-रिपु-नृपति-महिमा महा-विभवो भव-जलधि-
निमग्न-जन-मन्दिर-परम-कारुणिक-श्री-महाविष्णु-पाद-पङ्कज-धूली-सन्तति-
समासादिताभ्युदय-विविध-विबुध-संसद्-उपजीव्यमान-विभव-
प्रादुर्भावः सकल-विजिताशेष-मण्डल-नरपति-शिरः-शकल-समाक्रान्त-पाद-
पीठो मणिकिरण-द्योतित-नख-पदवी-विभासित-दिगन्तर-प्रसर-
कीर्त्तिः प्रज्ञा-प्रकर्ष-प्रशमित-सकल-दोषो निविड-विमर्ष-विदारित-सर्व्व-
वाङ्मनो-मल-सञ्चयः प्राक्तन-तपो-विशेष-सम्पादित-सकल-कला-कलापः
कल्प-पादप इवाभ्यर्थिजन-मनोरथ-परिपूरक-प्रचुर-सुरभि-
कुसुम-फल-प्रदः प्रतिपक्ष-निक्षेप-प्रदग्ध-समस्त-सामन्त-

Plate IIa

सन्तति-सन्तत-सन्तर्पित-पितृ-पितामह-प्रपितामहादि-गुरु-जन-प्रसादा-
वाद-परिपूजित-द्विजाति-गण-गण्य-मान्यो विविध-रत्न-सम्पत्-सम्पादित-
सकल-सज्जनावसथो यथा-विधि-विध्वंसिताशेष-दुरित-वृन्दः
कलियुग-शमन-करण-दीक्षितः सित-यशो-वितान-तारकित-सकल-
भुवनाभोगः परमवैष्णवो माता-पितृ-पादानुध्यातः
श्री-नन्नदेव-गोत्र-तिलक-श्री-तीवरदेव-सूनुः प्रातिवेशिक-
नृपति-समुपार्जित-सकल-कोसलोत्कलादि-मण्डलाधिपतिः
श्री-महाशिव-तीवरराजः कुशली [॥*] पिम्परीपद्रक-
ग्रामे प्रतिवासिनः समाज्ञापयति [।*] विदितमस्तु वो यथास्माभि-

Plate IIb

रयं ग्रामः स-निधिः सोपनिधिः सर्व्व-कर-समेतः सर्व्व-पीडा-विवर्ज्जितः
चाट-भट-प्रावेश्यः चोरोद्धरण-वर्जः अ-कर-दायी
भट-च्छात्र-प्रावेश्यः पूर्व्व-प्रसिद्ध-सीमा-पर्य्यन्तः माता-पित्रोरा-
त्मनश्च पुण्याभिवृद्धये भट्ट-भवदत्तार्य्य-सुत-भट्ट-
हरिदत्ताय तथा भ्रातृ-भट्ट-गोविन्दाय वाजसनेय-माध्यन्दिन-
काण्व-सगोत्र-भारद्वाज-सप्रवराय प्रतिपादित इत्यवगम्य
यथोचितं भोग-भाग-कर-हिरण्यादिकम् उपनेयं [।*] आज्ञा-श्रवण-विधेयैः
भूत्वा सुखं प्रतिवस्तव्यम् [॥*] भाविभिश्च भूमिपैः दत्तिरियमनुपाल-
नीया [।*] तथा चोक्तं धर्मशास्त्रेषु [॥*] बहुभिर्व्वसुधा भुक्ता राजभिः

Plate III

सगरादिभिः [।*] यस्य यस्य यदा भूमिस्तस्य तस्य तदा फलम् [॥*]
षष्टिं वर्ष-सहस्राणि स्वर्गे मोदति भूमिदः [।*] आच्छेत्ता चानुमन्ता च
तान्येव नरके वसेत् [॥*] अग्नेरपत्यं प्रथमं सुवर्णं भूर्वैष्णवी
सूर्य्य-सुताश्च गावः [।*] दत्तास्त्रयस्तेन भवन्ति लोका यः काञ्चनं गां
च महीं च दद्यात् [॥*] यानीह दत्तानि पुरा नरेन्द्रैर्दानानि धर्मार्थ-
यशस्करराणि [।*] निर्म्माल्य-वान्त-प्रतिमानि तानि को नाम साधुः
पुनराददीत [॥*] स्व-दत्तां पर-दत्तां वा यत्नाद्रक्ष युधिष्ठिर [।*] महीं मही-
मतां श्रेष्ठ तच्छाच्छ्रेयोऽनुपालनम् [॥*] प्रवर्द्धमान-विजय-राज्य-
सम्वत्सरे सप्तमे ज्येष्ठ-शुक्ल-द्वादश्यां दूतकः प्रतिहार-
खड्गधरो महासन्धिविग्रहिक-श्री-दत्तेनोत्कीर्णमिति [॥*]

(

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; No. 81, PLATE XLV. 297

the goddess of the fortunes of hostile kings, mourning, and looking up in anxious expect-
ation (of even further ill-treatment), and exposed in public;—who is a very submarine

Mahápratîhâra, Mahâdaṇḍanâyaka, Mahâkârtâkṛitika and Mahârâja, twice applied to Dhruvasêna
I. of Valabhî, in lines 13 f. and 29 f. of his grant of (Gupta)-Saṁvat 207 (Ind. Ant. Vol. IV. p. 105),
Dr. Bühler (id. p. 106, note) accepted the same explanation. Also, the same rendering has been
given by Professor Kielhorn, in his translation of line 3 of the Kaṇheri inscription of the Râshṭrakûṭa
king Amôghavarsha I. and his Śilâhâra feudatory Kapardin II., dated Śaka-Saṁvat 775 (id. Vol.
XIII. p. 135).—Meanwhile, Mr. Sh. P. Pandit (id. Vol. I. p. 81, note), while accepting the same
explanation, added, though without quoting his authority, that it had been usual to accept the term
as referring to the sounds of five musical instruments. Taking up this idea, Sir Walter Elliot (id.
Vol. V. p. 251 f.) quoted two passages from Ferishtah, and one from the nineteenth book of Chand's
Prithîrâj-Rasa, which speak of the naubat or 'imperial band' being played at the courts of kings
five times daily; and expressed his opinion that this was the custom to which the expression under
notice referred. In commenting on this, Mr. Growse (id. Vol. V. p. 354 f.) pointed out that
the passage in Chand refers to "a noise of the five kinds of music playing every day," rather
than to "song and music playing five times a day;" quoted a line from the Râmâyaṇa of Tulsîdâs,
book i., which speaks of "the noise of the five kinds of music, and auspicious songs;" and also
gave, from a commentary on the same poem, a Hindî couplet which explains the five kinds of music
as being the sounds of the tantri or lute, the tâl or bell-metal instrument played with a stick, the
jhâñjh or cymbals, the nagâra or kettle-drum, and a wind-instrument. And finally, Mr. K. B.
Pathak (id. Vol. XII. p. 95 f.) quoting an Old-Kanarese passage from a Jain author, descriptive of a
royal procession, which mentions the sounding of the pañchamahâśabda and auspicious drums, stated
that the Liṅgâyat Vivêkachintâmaṇi enumerates the five musical instruments as being the śriṅga
or trumpet, the tammaṭa or tambour, the śaṅkha or conch-shell used as a horn, the bhêrî or kettle-
drum, and the jayaghaṇṭâ or gong.—The last two contributions to the discussion leave no doubt
whatever that the expression pañchamahâśabda denotes the sounds of five musical instruments, the
use of which was allowed, as a special mark of distinction, to persons of high rank and authority.—
Some of the inscriptions mention certain specific musical instruments, which, if they are to be classed
among the customary and technical five instruments, remain to be identified with those enumerated
in the Vivêkachintâmaṇi. Thus, the Balagâmve inscription of Śaka-Saṁvat 1102 (Ind. Ant. Vol. V.
p. 46, line 4) gives to the Kalachuri king Bijjala the epithet ḍamaruka-tûrya-nirghôshaṇa, 'he who
has (played before him) the sound of the musical instrument called ḍamaruka' (a double drum,
shaped like an hour-glass). So, also, the Raṭṭa chieftains of Saundatti and Belgaum had the epithet
trivaḷî-tûrya-nirghôshaṇa; e.g. in the case of Lakshmîdêva, in the Saundatti inscription of Śaka-
Saṁvat 1151 (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. 268, and Archæol. Surv. West. Ind. Vol. III.
p. 113, line 62). And the Kâdambas of Goa had the epithet permaṭṭi-tûrya-nirghôshaṇa; e.g. in the
case of Śivachitta-Permâḍi, in the Veṅkaṭâpur inscription of Śaka-Saṁvat 1080 (Ind. Ant. Vol. XI.
p. 273, line 7 f.)—Occasionally, instead of pañcha-mahâśabda, 'the five great sounds,' we have
aśêsha-mahâśabda, 'all the great sounds;' e.g. in line 41 of the Barôda grant of the Râshṭrakûṭa
chieftain Karka II. of Gujarât, dated Śaka-Saṁvat 734 (Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 160), and in line 24 of
the Barôda grant of the chieftain Dhruva II. of the same family, dated Śaka-Saṁvat 757 (id. Vol.
XIV. p. 199). But, that this had no wider meaning, is shewn by the double expression aśêsha-
pañcha-mahâśabda, 'all the five great sounds' which occurs in line 1 of the Ambarnâth inscription
of the Śilâhâra chieftain Mâmvâṇi, dated Śaka-Saṁvat 782 (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. IX. p.
219, and Vol. XII. p. 329), and in line 2 of the Añjanêri inscription of the Yâdava chieftain Sêuṇa-
dêva, dated Śaka-Saṁvat 1063 (Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 126).—The epithet samadhigata-pañchamahâ-
śabda, 'one who has attained the pañchamahâśabda,' is of very constant occurrence in inscriptions.
in connection with the names of feudatories, and even of Mahâkumâras or heirs-apparent. But the
only instances that I can quote, in which it is applied to paramount sovereigns, are the cases of the
Râshṭrakûṭa king Amôghavarsha I., in line 6 f. of his Śirûr inscription, dated Śaka-Saṁvat 788 (Ind.
Ant. Vol. XII. p. 218); of another Râshṭrakûṭa king named Kakka, in line 22 of his Chhârolî grant,
dated Śaka-Saṁvat 679 (Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. XVI. p. 108); and of Dêvapâla of Dhârâ, in
line 5 f. of the Chârwâ' inscription of Vikrama-Saṁvat 1275 (No. 10 of the separate publications of
the Archæological Survey of Western India, p. 111).—The only instance known to me, in which any
reference is made to the source of this mark of distinction, viz. to its being bestowed upon a feudatory
2 P.

298 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
fire to the salt water of (his) enemies, gaping with the greedy desire to acquire a multi-
tude of various jewels in battle-fields which are decorated with numbers of pearls that
are always besprinkled with the thick blood that trickles down from the foreheads of the
elephants of (his) enemies, struck down with the crushing blows of (his) sharp sword ;—
who has not caused distress by (his) taxes, just as the rising moon does not cause dis-
tress by (its) rays ;—who, like the sea of milk, manifests a wealth of many most excellent
jewels ;—who, like Garutmat, is skilful in eradicating the serpents ; ¹—who breaks the
saffron-leaves on the cheeks, soft with the collyrium (washed down by the tears) from
(their) eyes, of the violated wives of (his) enemies ;—whose thoughts are solely given to
the establishment and protection of virtuous behaviour ;—
(L. 9.)—Who, moreover, is not too much puffed up with satisfaction, (though he is)
unweariedly worshipped by mankind, in (respect of his) religious austerity (and) fame
(and) secrecy (and) intellect (and) faculty of sight and (beauty of) form resulting from
(good) acts done in a former life ;—who is reserved, and is decorated with an impene-
trable, pure, and complacent countenance ;—who, even in the palace of (his) lord, is never
at a loss (for words), though he does not talk too much ;— who, though he is thirsty for
(the acquisition of) land, is yet exceedingly liberal ;—who, though he is fierce to (his)
enemies, is yet mild of aspect ;—who, though he is adorned with majesty, is yet not
harsh ;—who, moreover, is by nature never quite satisfied in accumulating religion in the
acquisition of wealth, (and) in (displaying only) mild anger in (spite of all his) power ;—
who is greedy for fame, (but) not for the appropriation of the wealth of others ;—who is
affable in excellent conversations, (but) not in the dallyings of wanton women ;—who has
burned with the fire of (his) prowess all the heap of cotton that is the race of (his)
enemies ;—who has irradiated the ends of the quarters of the world with the mass of (his)
fame that is as white as the rocky mountain of snow ;—(and) who is by nature beauti-
ful ;—
(L. 16.)—(He), the illustrious Mahâśiva-Tîvararâja,—who is the adopted son²
of the illustrious Nannadêva, who was the son of the illustrious Indrabala, (and) who
adorned the lineage of Pâṇḍu; who has allayed all the troubles of the world with the
abundance of his religious merit ; who has extracted all thorns with the needle of his wis-
dom ; who is a most devout worshipper of (the god) Vishṇu ; (and) who meditates on the
feet of (his) parents,—being in good health, (and) having done worship to the Brâhmaṇs
at (the village of) Pimparipadraka belonging to the Peṇṭhâma bhukti, issues a com-
mand to the residents :—
(L. 19.)—“Be it known to you, that this village is given by Us, with libations of
water, on the twelfth lunar day of (the month) Jyêshṭha, for the increase of the religious
merit of (Our) parents and of Ourself, to the Bhaṭṭa Bhavadatta and the Bhaṭṭa Haradatta,
sons of the Bhaṭṭa Gauridatta, of the Bhâradvâja gôtra and the Vâjasanêya-Mâdhyam-
dina (śâkhâ),—to be enjoyed as long as the world endures, having the terrible darkness
by the reigning paramount sovereign, is in the Dêôgaḍh inscription of Bhôjadêva of Gwâlior, dated
Vikrama-Saṁvat 919 and Śaka-Saṁvat 784, in which (Archæol. Surv. Ind. Vol. X. p. 101, and Pl.
xxxiii. No. 2, l. 3) the Mahâsâmanta Vishṇu (?) has the epithet tat-pradatta-pañchamahâśabda,
“possessed of the pañchamahâśabda conferred by him, i.e. by Bhôjadêva.”
¹ This possibly contains an allusion to the well-known Nâga family or tribe.
² tanaya-prâpta; lit. ‘acquired as a son;’ see page 293 above, note 3.

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS ; No. 81, PLATE XLV. 299
dispelled by the rays of the sun and the moon and the stars ; together with (its) hidden
treasures and deposits ; not to be entered by the regular or the irregular troops ; (and)
accompanied by (the right of) receiving the dâradraṇaka¹ and all the taxes.
(L. 24.)—" Being aware of this, you should dwell in happiness, rendering to them, in
a proper manner, (their) share ot the enjoyment."
(L. 26.)—And for the guidance of future kings, this is said,—" Those kings who
bestow land, enjoy pleasure in heaven ; (but) alas ! those who confiscate land (that has
been given), and (thus) work injury to mankind, fall into hell : bearing in mind these alter-
natives, and also that fortune (and) life are transient, do that which pleases you !"
Moreover,—" The reward of protection ensures a fortunate condition, and of omission to
protect, a state of misfortune ; who, indeed, will (willingly) disregard heaven and ohtain
hell ? "
(L. 30.)—And they cite on this point the verses that were sung by Vyâsa :—Gold is
the first offspring of fire ; the earth belongs to (the god) Vishṇu ; and cows are the
daughters of the sun : therefore the three worlds are given by him, who gives gold, and a
cow, and land ! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years ;
(but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents (to an act of confiscation), shall
dwell for the same number of years in hell ! Land has been given by many kings, com-
mencing with Sagara ; whosoever at any time possesses the earth, to him belongs, at that
time, the reward (of this grant that is now made, if he continue it) ! O Yudhishṭhira,
best of kings, carefully preserve land that has been given, whether by thyself, or by
another ; (verily) the preservation (of a grant) (is) more meritorious than making a grant !
(L. 35.)—The year 7 of the increasing victorious reign ; (the month) Kârttika ; the
eighth day, (or in figures) 8.

¹ dâradraṇaka is a fiscal term that requires explanation. The dictionaries give dâra, in the sense
of ‘ a cleft, gap, hole ; a ploughed field ; a wife ; ’ but they do not give draṇaka, or any root by means
of which it can be explained. The term may refer either to some agricultural cess, or to a marriage-
tax of the kind spoken of in line 5 ff. of the Daṇḍâpur inscription of Jagattuṅga II., dated Śaka-Saṁvat
840 (Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 223 f.)
2 P 39

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INDEX.

(The figures in thick type refer to the Introduction and Appendices.)
abdapa, a conventional term for the
Mêsha-Saṁkrânti, both apparent and
mean, 145, 146;—the figures for the
abdapa, obtained by Prof. K. L.
Chhatre's Tables, are for the apparent
Mêsha-Saṁkrânti, 145, 147;—and
they give the week-day and time, on
and at which it occurred, 146, 147;—
the annual variation in the abdapa is
1 day, 15 ghaṭîs, 31.5 palas . . . 147
a-bhaṭa-chchhatra-prâvêśya, a fiscal term
98 n., 242, 249
Abhayadatta, a minister of Vishṇu-
vardhana of Mâlava . . . . **1

302 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
Âkhaṇḍalamitra, a grantee . . . . 190
Akshapaṭalâdhikrita, an official title
190 n., 257 and n.
akshaya-nîvî, 'a perpetual endowment'
182 n., 33 n., 52, 262
Alarka, an epic king . . . . 147, 149
Albêrûnî, the Arabic historian; his state-
ments regarding the Gupta and other
eras, as rendered by M. Reinaud, 23; —
by Prof. Sachau, 24; — and by Prof.
Wright, 27; — his statements regarding
the Lôkakâla of Kaśmîr and other
parts of the country . . . . 26 n.
Alînâ or Aliṇâ, a village in the Kaira
District; the grant of Śîlâditya VII. of
the (Gupta-Valabhî) year 447 . . 171
Allâhâbâd, mentioned under the ancient
name of Prayâga, 206; — the posthumous
pillar inscription of Samudragupta . 1
Allâhâbâd District, inscriptions from the
1, 36, 39, 40, 45, 264, 266, 267, 271
alphabets used in this series of records: —
of the northern class . 3, 26, 34, 37,
39, 41, 43, 46, 48, 53, 66, 69, 88, 91,
94, 101, 106, 110, 112, 117, 121, 125,
130, 133, 135, 140, 145, 149, 151, 159,
161, 201, 209, 211, 214, 219, 222,
224, 226, 228, 231, 250, 251, 253,
255, 258, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269,
271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 280, 281,
282, 283, 284, 287
of the southern class . 18, 22, 30, 57,
72, 80, 164, 172, 192, 196, 233, 236,
244, 260, 279, 292
of the so-called Kuṭila type 201, 209, 211, 214
of the 'box-headed' type . . 19, 192,
196, 233, 236, 244, 292
of the 'nail-headed' type . . 19, 22, 106
Amânta, the technical name for the
scheme of the lunar months in South-
ern India, according to which arrange-
ment the months end with the new-
moon day, and the bright fortnights
precede the dark, 70; — in astronomical
works, it is always this arrangement
that is actually taken for calculations,
148 n.; — even in Southern India, this
arrangement was not applied to the
Śaka years, for the civil reckoning, till
between A.D. 804 and 866, 79 n.; — on
the other hand, even in Northern India,
this arrangement was used in Nêpâl
with the years of the Nêwâr era, 75,
76; — but it was abandoned there, when
the Nêwâr era was followed by the
Vikrama era in its northern variety . 76
Amâtya, an official title 100 and n., 120, 124, 190
Amblôda, apparently the ancient name of
Bhumara . . . . 110, 111
Amôghavarsha I. (Râshṭrakûṭa); examin-
ation of the date of his Sirûr inscription
of the Śaka year 788, which proves
that the Amânta arrangement of the
lunar fortnights was applied to the Śaka
years, in Southern India, between A.D.
804 and 866 . . . . 79 n.
Âmradvîpa, an ancient name of Ceylon
275, 278, 279
Amrakârdava, or Âmrakârdava, apparently
an officer of Chandragupta II. . . 32
Amrarâta, or Âmrarâta, a proper name . 33
Amśuvarman, Mahâsâmanta, and after-
wards king (Ṭhâkurî of Nêpâl), 134 n.,
177, 178, 179, 180, 188, 190, 191; — men-
tioned with the feudatory title, 177, 178,
179; — with the paramount title, 180; —
as king, by Hiuen Tsiang, 96, 184; —
and by Ma-twan-lin, 190; — mention of
his sister Bhôgadêvî, his brother-in-law
Sûrasêna or Śûrasêna, his nephew
Bhôgavarman, and his niece Bhâgya-
dêvî, 180; — his dates, 189; — the value
of his dates, in the Harsha era, in prov-
ing the use of the Gupta era in Nêpâl,
96, 184; — notice of his inscription of
the (Harsha) year 34, .. 178; — of an-
other of the same year, 179; — of an-
other, of the year 39, .. 179; — and of
another, of the year 44 or 45 . . 180
Âmuka, apparently an ancient village or
district in Bâghêlkhaṇḍ . . 125
Ânand, a town in the Kaira District;
mentioned under the ancient name of
Ânandapura . . . . 173, 180, 190
Ânandapura, ancient name of the modern
Ânand . . . . 173, 180, 190
Ananta, an abbreviation of the name of
Anantavarman . . . 226, 228
Anantagupta, or Anantaguptâ, a proper
name . . . . . 265
Anantasêna, a proper name . . 51
Anantasvâmin, the god Vishṇu as 'the
eternal lord,' or as 'the lord of the
serpent Ananta or Śêsha' . . 268
Anantavarman (see also Ananta), a
Maukhari chief, 223, 225, 226, 228; —
his inscriptions in the Barâbar and
Nâgârjunî Hill caves . . 221, 223, 226
Andhaka, an epic family or tribe . 156
Andhra, a tribe or dynasty; mentioned as
defeated by a Maukhari king and taking
refuge in the Vindhya mountains . 230
Animuktakakôṇaka, apparently an ancient
village or district in Baghelkhaṇḍ . 105
Antaka, the god Yama, as 'the dealer of
death' . . 14, 21, 28, 44, 51, 54, 257
Antaratrâ, an ancient village in
Kâṭhiâwâḍ . . . . 170
Antarvêdî, the country between the
Ganges and the Jamnâ; mentioned as
part of the dominions of Skandagupta
69 and n., 71
Anu, an epic king . . . 224 and n., 225
Aphsaḍ, or Aphsaṇḍ, a village in the Gayâ
District; the inscription of Âdityasêna 200
aptôryâma, a particular sacrifice 241 and n., 248
Ârâ (Shâhâbâd) District, an inscription
from the . . . . . 283

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; INDEX. 303

Âraṅg, a village in the Râypur District;
the grant of Mahâ-Jayarâja . . . 191
Ardhanârîśvara, the god Śiva, combined
with his wife Pârvatî; a probable early
instance of an image of this form . . 224
Arhat, a title in the Jain hierarchy . . 68
ari-shad́varga, or ari-shaṭka, 'the collec-
tive six enemies of religion' 156 and
n., 259, 260, 264
Arjunadêva (Chaulukya); examination
of the date of his Verâwal inscription
of the Valabhî year 945 . . . . 84
Ârjunâyana, a tribe, conquered by
Samudragupta, 14; — the name per-
haps denotes early kings of the
Kalachuri dynasty . . . . . 10
Âryabhaṭa, the first, an astronomer;
he was born A.D. 476, .. 143 and n.;
he is the author of the Âryabhatîya
or Ârya-Siddhânta, the date of which
is A.D. 499-500, .. 156 n.; — and this
is the text-book of the Âryapaksha
school of astronomers, 145 n.; — his
rule for determining the years of the
Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter by the
mean-sign system . . . . . 169
Âryabhaṭa, the second, an astronomer; he
is the author of the work which is usually
called the Laghu-Ârya-Siddhânta,
and the date of which is between A.D.
628-29 and 1150-51 . . . . 156 n.
Âryabhatîya, or Ârya-Siddhânta, an
astronomical work by the first Âryabhaṭa,
written A.D. 499-500, .. 156 n.; — this
is the text-book of the Âryapaksha
school of Hindu astronomers . . 145 n.
ârya-saṁgha, 'the community of the faith-
ful;' a Buddhist expression . 31, 32, 262
Ârya-Siddhânta, a name applied some-
times to the Âryabhatîya of the first
Âryabhaṭa, and sometimes to the
Laghu-Ârya-Siddhânta of the second
Âryabhaṭa . . . . . . 156 n.
Âryâvarta, a name of Northern India,
13 and n.; — list of the kings conquered
therein by Samudragupta . . . 13
Aśîrgaḍh, a hill-fort in the Nimâḍ District;
the seal of Śarvavarman (Maukhari) . 219
Âsramaka, an ancient village on the
Tamasâ . . . . . . 128
astronomers, Hindu; the starting-point
used by them for reckoning the places
of heavenly bodies, coincided, in their
opinion, with the equinoctial point,
about A.D. 522-23, .. 146; — the three
schools are the Âryapaksha, Brâhma-
paksha, and Saurapaksha, based on
respectively the Ârya-Siddhânta of
the first Âryabhaṭa, the Brahma-Sid-
dhânta, and the Sûrya-Siddhânta . 145 n.
astronomical terms, explanation of . 145 to 153
aśvamêdha, a sacrificial ceremony which
centred in a horse, 28 and n., 241, 248;
— after being long in abeyance, it was
revived by Samudragupta, 28 and n.,
44, 51, 54, 257; — and there is an allu-
sion to this in the epithet aśvamêdha-
parâkrama on coins which are attri-
buted to him . . . . . 28 n.
Aśvapati, an official title . . . 260 and n.
Atharva-Vêda (see Vêda); a mention of
the study of it . . . . . 290
ati-brahmaṇya, translated by 'extremely
friendly to Brâhmaṇs;' but perhaps
more properly a sectarian title (com-
pare parama-brahmaṇya, 28 n.) . . 290
âtirâtra, a particular sacrifice . 241 and n., 248
atithi (see also sattra), one of the five
great sacrificial rites . . 116 n., 170, 190
Âtmabhû, the god Vishṇu, as 'the self-
existent one . . . . . 230 and n.
Atri, an ancient astronomer, quoted by
Rishiputra, and through him by Utpala,
for the heliacal-rising system of the
Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter . . 170
atyantabhagavadbhakta, a Vaishṇava sec-
tarian title . . . . 28 n., 90, 160
atyantamâhêśvara, a Śaiva sectarian
title . . . . . 28 n., 240, 248
atyantasvâmimahâbhairavabhakta, a
Śaiva sectarian title . . 28 n., 241, 248
aulikara-crest, a term requiring explana-
tion . . . . . 151 and n., 155
Avamukta, a town or country in Southern
India; in the time of Samudragupta,
its king was Nîlarâja . . . 13
Avantivarman, a king, probably of the
Maukhari tribe or dynasty . . 215, 218
avâta, a fiscal term, requiring explanation
. . . . . . . 138 and n.
âya, 'revenue,' a fiscal term . . 138 and n.
ayanâṁśas, 'the degrees of precession of
the equinoxes' . . . . . 146
Ayôdhyâ, the modern Audh or 'Oude'
or 'Oudh;' represented, in a spurious
grant, to have been a camp of Samu-
dragupta . . . . . . 255, 257
Âyuktaka, an official title . . . 169 and n.
ba, an abbreviation of bahula, 'the dark
fortnight;' used in connection with di
(see under ba di), 92 n., 93; — used by
itself . . . . . . . 171
Bâdâmi, a town in the Kalâdgi District;
the value of the cave inscription of
Maṅgalîśa, of Śaka-Saṁvat 500 ex-
pired, in proving that the historical
starting-point of the Śaka era is the
commencement of the reign of some
particular king or kings of the Śaka
tribe . . . . . . 142, 143
ba di, or va di, and śu di, are simply ab-
breviations of separate words (see ba,
di, śu, and va), and not words in them-
selves (badi, vadi, śudi) meaning 'the

304 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.
dark fortnight' and 'the bright fort-
night;' they denote the fortnight, and
the solar or more properly civil day in
the fortnight or in the month . . 85 n., 92 n.
Baghēlkhaṇḍ, inscriptions from . . 93,
100, 106, 110, 112, 121, 125, 129, 132, 135
bāhulēya, 'a bull' . . . . 157 and n.
Balādhikṛita, an official title . 109 n., 210 and n.
Bālāditya, a biruda or second name of
Dhruvasēna II. of Valabhī . . 41, 182
Bālāditya, a king of Kāśī, and apparently
not the first of that name, 285, 286 ;—
another king of Kāśī, of the same
name; his wife was Dhavalā . . 286
Bālāditya, Bālādityadēva, an early king
of Magadha, who is mentioned by
Hiuen Tsiang in connection with
Mihirakula, 215, 218 ;—there is pro-
bably an allusion to him in the Sārnāth
inscription . . . . . 286
Balavarman, a king in Northern India,
conquered by Samudragupta . . 13
Balavarman parichchhēda; an ancient
territorial division in Baghēlkhaṇḍ . 105
bali, one of the five great sacrificial rites
116 and n., 124, 129, 132, 170, 190, 290
Bali, a demon, whose power was over-
thrown by Vishṇu in his incarnation as
a dwarf . . . . . . 62
Bandhuvarman, a Mālava feudatory of
Kumāragupta (Early Gupta), 7, 80, 86 ;
—the Mandasôr inscription, which gives
for him the date of the Mālava year
493, . . . 79 ;— the value of this
record, in proving that the Gupta era
runs from an epoch in or very close to
A.D. 319-20 . . . . . 65
Bandhuvatsasvāmin, a grantee . . 199
bappa, a Prākṛit word meaning 'a father'
186 n., 188, 189
Bāppadēva, a Sēnāpati of Pravarasēna II. 249
Bappārya, a grantee . . . . 243
Bappasvāmin, a grantee . . . 105
Barābar Hill, in the Gayā District; men-
tioned under the ancient name of
Pravaragiri, 222, 223 ; —the cave in-
scription of Anantavarman . .
bāva, a Prākṛit word denoting 'a relative
of the same generation with a father;'
i.e., generally, 'an uncle' . . 18, 186 n.
Bayley, Sir E. Clive; the views express
by him on the Gupta era and connec
matters, with the result that he
lected the epoch of A.D. 190-91 . 3, 58
Beal, the Rev. S. ; certain points in
translation of the Travels of Hiuen
Tsiang, which may be made more clear
through the Early Gupta chronology 40
Benares mentioned under the ancient
name of Kāśī . . . . 286
Benares District, an inscription from the 284
Bendall, Mr. C. ; the importance of his
discovery of the Gôlmāḍhitôl
tion of Śivadēva I. of the (Gupta) year
316, which proves the use of the so-
called Gupta era in Nēpāl, and fixes
the chronology of the early rulers of
that country . . . . . 96
Bengal Asiatic Society's Library, an in-
scription from the . . . . 200
Bengal Presidency, inscriptions from the
47, 200, 208, 211, 212 n., 213, 221, 223,
226, 254, 274, 278, 280, 281, 283
Beṇṇākārpara bhāga, an ancient division
in the territory of the Vākāṭaka Mahā-
rājas . . . . . . 248
Berars, an inscription from the . . 235
Bhadra, a proper name . . . 259
Bhadrāryā, a proper name . . . 51, 52
bhāga, a territorial term . . . 248
bhāgabhōga, 'royalties,' a fiscal expression
120 and n., 124, 129, 132, 138, 254 and n.
Bhagadatta, the name of a king, or of a
family of kings; a Nēpāl inscription
allots Harsha of Gauḍa, Kaliṅga,
Kōsala, Ōḍra, &c., to the Bhagadatta
lineage, 187 ; — intermarriage of this
family with the Thākurī rulers of
Nēpāl . . . . . . 187
Bhāgalpur District, an inscription from the 211
bhagavadbhakta, a Vaishṇava sectarian
title . . . . . . 271
Bhagavaddōsha, a proper name . . 156
bhagavat, in the sense of 'divine,' de-
notes the god Vishṇu, if not connected
with any other specific name, 28 n. ;—
thus used (see also some of the secta-
rian titles quoted under Vaishṇava
inscriptions), 40, 41, 123, 124, 129,
269, 270 ;—applied to Buddha, 28 n.,
47, 262 ; — to Kārttikēya, 28 n., 44 ;—
to Jinēndra, 28 n. ;—to Śiva, 28 n., 36,
290 ;—to the Sun, 28 n., 71, 218 ;—to
Vishṇu, 28 n., 56, 78, 90, 115, 142,
161 ; — applied to priests, in the sense
of 'venerable,' 28 n. ;—and to Vyāsa,
the arranger of the Vēdas 28 n., 98,
105, 109, 116, 120, 124, 129, 134, 171
Bhāgavata, a Vaishṇava sect . . 28 n., 123
bhagavatī, feminine of bhagavat; applied
to the goddess Pishṭapurī or Pishṭa-
purikā . . . . 116, 132, 138
Bhagīratha, an epic hero . . . 77
Bhāgīrathī, the river Gaṅgā, as 'belong-
ing to Bhagīratha,' with reference to
the legend of his bringing down the
river from heaven to earth . . 241, 248
Bhagraha, or Bhāgraha ; the Dātaka of the
grants of Hastin of the (Gupta) years
156 and 163 . . . 100 and n., 105
Bhagwanlal Indraji, Dr. ; remarks on, and
rectification of, the historical results
deduced by him from the Nēpāl in-
scriptions . . . 95, 96 and n., 177 to 191
Bhāgyadēvī, daughter of Bhōgadēvī and
Śūrasēna or Sūrasēna . . . 180
Bhairava, see Svāmi-Mahābhairava . 241, 248

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; INDEX. 305
[Left Column]
Bhândak, a village in the Central Pro-
vinces; it is not to be identified with
Vâkâṭaka as the supposed name of a
place . . . . . . . . . . 234
Bhandarkar, Dr. R. G.; views expressed
by him on the Gupta era and connect-
ed matters . . . . . . . . 48, 63
Bhânugupta, a king, perhaps of the Early
Gupta stock, 7, 17, 92, 93, 152;—the
Êraṇ pillar inscription, which gives for
him the date of the (Gupta) year 191,
. . 91;—a note on the details of the
date . . . . . . . . . . 77 n.
Bhânuguptâ, wife of Ravikîrtti . . 152, 156
Bharadvâja gôtra included the Parivrâjaka
Mahârâjas . . . . . . . . 115
Bhâraśiva, a tribe or dynasty, connected
by marriage with the Vâkâṭaka Mahâ-
râjas . . . . . . . . 241, 248
Bharata, an epic hero . . . . . 77 147
Bharatpur State, inscriptions from the 251, 252
Bhartṛiśarman, a grantee . . . . 243
Bharukachchha, an intermediate ancient
name of the modern Broach . . . 95 n.
Bhâskarâchârya, an astronomer; the
author of the Siddhânta-Śirômaṇi, the
date of which is A.D. 1150-51,
. . 156 n.;—his rendering of the rule
of the Brahma-Siddhânta, for one of
the unequal-space systems of the nak-
shatras . . . . . . . . . 166
Bhâskaradatta, a grantee . . . . . 97
bhaṭa, 'regular troops,' in composition
with châṭa and chhatra, 98 and n., 105,
109, 120, 128, 132, 138, 169, 195, 199,
242, 249, 299;—used alone . 98 n., 241, 248
Bhaṭârka, Sênâpati (of Valabhî), 41, 167,
180;—he overthrew a tribe or dynasty
named Maitraka . . . . 13, 167, 180
Bhaṭṭa, a title of respect attached to the
names of learned Brâhmaṇs . 52, 190, 298
Bhaṭṭâraka, a regal title, properly applied
to feudatory Mahârâjas, 177, 178, 180,
181, 17 n.;—but sometimes applied to
paramount sovereigns, 180, 17 n.;—ap-
plied to a Yuvarâja, 181;—used with-
out anything to shew the status of the
person whom it qualifies, 182;—in the
sense of 'worthy of worship, sacred,' ap-
plied to gods, 17 n.;—thus, to the Sun,
129, 218;—in the sense of 'reverend,'
applied to priests . . . . . . 17 n.
Bhaṭṭârikâ, feminine of Bhaṭṭâraka, a
title of the wives of Mahârâjas and
Mahâsâmantas . . . . 17 n., 221, 290
Bhaṭṭisôma, a proper name . . . . 67
Bhau Daji, Dr.; views expressed by him
on the Gupta era and connected
matters . . . . . . . . 41, 44
Bhava, a Buddhist teacher . . . . 277
Bhavadatta, a grantee . . . . . 298
Bhavanâga, Mahârâja, of the Bhâraśiva
tribe or dynasty; his daughter was the
wife of Gautamîputra . . . 241, 248
[Right Column]
Bhavânî, the goddess Pârvatî, the wife of
Śiva, in her pacific and amiable form . 228
bhava-sṛij, 'the creator of existence,' an
epithet of the god Śiva . . . 155 and n.
Bhavasvâmin, a grantee . . . . . 97
Bhêlsâ, a town in Scindia's Dominions;
inscriptions in its neighbourhood . . 21, 34
Bhikshu, 'a Buddhist mendicant,' 33, 34,
47, 262, 281;—mention of Śâkya
Bhikshus . . . . 272, 279, 280, 282
Bhikshuṇî, feminine of Bhikshu; men-
tion of a Śâkya Bhikshuṇî . . . . 274
Bhîmadêva, a Hindu king of Kâbul;
remarks on some of his coins, which
have been supposed to bear dates in
the Gupta era . . . . . 57 to 60
Bhîmavarman, Mahârâja, 266;—his Kô-
sam image inscription of the (Gupta)
year 139 . . . . . . . . 266
Bhitarî, a village in the Ghâzîpur District;
the pillar inscription of Skandagupta 52
bhôga, a territorial term . . . 112 and n.
bhôgabhâga, 'share of the enjoyment,' a
fiscal term . . . . 189, 195, 200, 299
Bhôgadêvî, sister of Aṁśuvarman, and
wife of Śûrasêna or Śûrasêna . . 180
Bhôgavarman (Maukhari), son-in-law of
Âdityasêna of Magadha . 177 n., 187, 15 n.
Bhôgavarman, son of Bhôgadêvî and
Śûrasêna or Śûrasêna, and nephew of
Aṁśuvarman . . . . . 177 n., 180
Bhôgavarman, Syâmin, the Dûtaka of the
inscription of Śivadêva I. of the (Gupta)
year 316; perhaps to be identified with
the nephew of Aṁśuvarman . 177 and n.
Bhôgika, an official title 100 and n., 105,
109, 120, 124, 129, 134
bhôgya-tithi, 'the portion of a tithi that
is still to run' . . . . . . 152
Bhôjadêva of Kanauj; examination of
the date of his Dêôgaḍh inscription of
Vikrama-Saṁvat 919 and Śaka-Saṁvat
784, which proves that one or other,
or both, of the unequal systems of the
nakshatras continued in use up to
A.D. 862 . . . . . . . . 107
Bhôjaka, the title of a class of priests 218 and n.
Bhôjakadêvârya, a grantee . . . . 243
Bhôjakaṭa, a kingdom subject to the Vâ-
kâṭaka Mahârâjas . . . . . 241
Bhôpâl State, inscriptions from the, 29,
260, 279;—remarks on the spelling and
derivation of the name of Bhôpâl . 29 n.
Bhrukuṇṭhasiṅha, a proper name . . 71
Bhujaṅgadâsa, a proper name . . . 116
bhukta-tithi, 'the elapsed portion of a
tithi' . . . . . . . . 152
bhukti, a territorial term 100 n., 218 and
n., 295 and n., 298
Bhumarâ a village in the Nâgaudh State;
the pillar inscription of Hastin and
Śarvanâtha . . . . . . . 110
2 Q

306 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.

[Column 1]
Bhumbusapadraka, the name of some land in the village of Vajragrâma . . . . 170
bhûmi, a particular land-measure . . 241 and n.
bhûmichchhidra, a fiscal term . 138 and n., 170, 190
bhûta, a fiscal term, requiring explanation . . . . . . . 170 and n., 189
Bhûtapati, the god Śiva, as ‘the lord of beings’ . . . . . . . 225
Bihâr, a town in the Patna District; mentioned under the ancient name of Vihâra, and as the city of Yaśôvarman, 47 n.; — the pillar inscription of Skandagupta . . . . . . . 47
Bijayagaḍh, a hill-fort in Râjputânâ, near Byânâ; the fragmentary inscription of the Yaudhêyas, 251; — the pillar inscription of the Varika Vishṇuvardhana, of the (Mâlava) year 428 . . . . 252
Bilsaḍ, or Bilsand, a village in the Êṭâ District; the pillar inscription of Kumâragupta of the (Gupta) year 96 . . 42
bird-standard on the Early Gupta coins; there is evidently an allusion to it in the mention of the Garuḍa-tokens, i.e. coins or banners bearing representations of Garuḍa, that were given by feudatories to Samudragupta . . 14 and n.
Blochmann, Mr.; his proposal for amending the translation of Albêrûnî's words regarding the origin of the Gupta era . 28 n.
Bôdh-Gayâ, a Buddhist site near Gayâ; the inscription of Mahânâman of the (Gupta) year 269 (the date of which, however, should perhaps be referred to the Kalachuri era), 274; — the image inscription of Mahânâman, 278; — the image inscription of Dharmagupta and Damshṭrasêna . . . . . . 281
Bôdhimaṇḍa, the miraculous throne under the bôdhi-tree at Bôdh-Gayâ, or its site . . . . . . . 275, 278
Bôdhivarman, a proper name . . . . 272
Bombay Presidency, an inscription from the . . . . . . . . 56
boppa, a Prâkṛit word meaning ‘a father’ 188 n.
bôṭa, or vôṭa, a termination of names . . 31 n.
Bôṭaka, a proper name . . . . . 170
‘box-headed’ characters . 18, 192, 196, 233, 236, 244, 292
Brahmadêvasvâmin, a grantee . . . . 195
Brahmagupta, an astronomer; he was born A.D. 598, . . 172; — he is the author of the Brahma-Siddhânta, the date of which is A.D. 628-29, . . 156 n., 165 n.; — and this is the text-book of the Brâhmapaksha school of astronomers, 145 n.; — his rule, as rendered by Bhâskarâchârya, for one of the unequal-space systems of the nakshatras, 166; — his rule for determining the years of the Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter by the mean-sign system . . 169

[Column 2]
Brahman, the god, ‘the creator’ of the Hindu triad (see Svayambhû, Vêdhas, Vidhâtṛi; and, for his wife, see Sarasvatî), 155 n., 208; — mentioned as the creator, preserver, and destroyer, subject to the direction of Śiva . . 155 and n.
Brahmaṇya, an epithet of the god Kârttikêya . . . . . . . 45
Brahmapûraka, a village in the Beṇṇâkârpara bhâga . . . . . . 248
Brahmaputra, the river; mentioned under the name of Lauhitya, 145, 148; — and of Lôhitya . . . . . . 206
Brahma-Siddhânta, an astronomical work by Brahmagupta; it was written A.D. 628-29, . . 156 n., 165 n.; — and it is the text-book of the Brâhmapaksha school of astronomers . . . . 145 n.
Bṛihaspati, the regent of the planet Jupiter, and the preceptor of the gods 170, 76, 86, 90 n., 157
Bṛihaspati, an astronomer, quoted by Dâdâbhâî, in the Kiraṇâvalî, in support of the heliacal-rising system of the Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter . . 170
bṛihaspatisava, a particular sacrifice 241 and n., 248
Bṛihat-Saṁhitâ, an astrological work by Varâhamihira; its statement for the naming of the years of the Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter according to his heliacal rising in particular nakshatras, 161; — and for the grouping of the nakshatras for that purpose . . . 162
Broach (Bharuch, or Bharôch), the chief town of the Broach District: mentioned under the ancient name of Bharukachchha . . . . . . . 95 n.
Buddha (see also Buddhas, and Sugata), the founder of the Buddhist religion, 260; — mentioned as ‘the teacher’ or ‘the teacher of mankind,’ 277, 278, 281; — as ‘the saint,’ ‘the chief of saints,’ and ‘the great saint,’ 277, 278; — and as ‘the chief kinsman of the Śâkyas,’ 277; — inscribed images of Buddha 45, 278, 280, 281
Buddhagupta, a king of Magadha, mentioned by Hiuen Tsiang; he is not to be confused with the Budhagupta of the Êraṇ pillar inscription . . 46 and n.
Buddhamitra, a proper name . . . 47
Buddhas, mentioned as four in number, 262 and n.; — invoked in the plural 47 and n.
Buddhist inscriptions (for another instance of Buddhist worship, see paramasaṁgata) 182, 39, 45, 260, 262, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278, 280, 281
Buddhists spoken of under the sectarian title of Paramasaṁgata . . 232 and n.
Budhagupta, a king, perhaps of the Early Gupta stock, 7, 57, 89, 90; — he is not to be confused with the Buddhagupta, king of Magadha, mentioned by Hiuen Tsiang, 46 n.; — his Êraṇ pillar inscrip-

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; INDEX. [p. 307]

[Left Column]

tion of the (Gupta) year 165, .. 88;
— examination of the date . . . . 80
Bühler, Dr. G. ; quoted as inclined, sub-
ject, however, to further consideration,
to identify Tu-lu-h'o-po-tu with
Śîlâditya VII. of Valabhî . . . 51
Bulandshahar District, an inscription
from the . . . . . . . 68
bull-emblem on seals 164, 219, 231, 282, 283
Bundêlkhaṇḍ ; mention of this part of the
country under the ancient name of
Ḍabhâlâ or Dahâlâ, 113, 114, 116;—
inscriptions from Bundêlkhaṇḍ . . 233
Calcutta Imperial Museum, inscriptions
in the . 18, 36, 39, 40, 264, 267, 274,
280, 281, 284
castes ; mention of the castes and stages
of religious life, 185, 221, 232;—castes
mentioned in this series of records :—
Brâhmaṇ ; by the name Brâhmaṇa, 38,
39, 71, 97, 104, 105, 109, 116, 120, 123,
128, 132, 138, 170, 218, 241, 242, 249,
252, 257, 265, 290, 298 ;—by the word
brahman, in brahma-dêya, brahma-
dêya, brahma-ghna, brahma-hatyâ
and brahm-arshi, 34, 84, 171, 185, 190,
242 ;—by the words dvija and dvijâti,
64, 67, 71, 72, 78, 163 and n., 185, 195,
200, 206 ; — and by the word vipra,
alone and in vipr-arshi, 71, 85, 90, 160 ;
—Kshatriya; by the name Kshatriya,
71, 129 ; — and by the words kshattra
and kshâttra . . . . 223, 225, 227, 251
cave-inscriptions . 21, 34, 221, 223, 226, 258
Central India, inscriptions from . 21, 29,
34, 72, 79, 93, 100, 106, 110, 112, 121,
125, 129, 132, 135, 142, 149, 150, 233,
258, 260, 279
Central Provinces, inscriptions from the
18, 88, 91, 117, 158, 191, 196, 219, 243, 291
Ceylon, mentioned under the name of
Siṁhala, and as conquered by Samu-
dragupta, 14;—mentioned under the
name of Âmradvîpa, 278, 279 :—and of
Laṅkâ, 277, 278 ;—its early history and
dates require to be rectified in accord-
ance with the Bôdh-Gayâ inscription
of Mahânâman (or may be adjusted by
it, if the date of it should be in the
Kalachuri era) . . . . . 16, 275
chakra, 'a discus ;' as an emblem on seals 292
Chakrabhṛit, the god Vishṇu, as 'the
wielder of the discus' . . . . 65
Chakradhara, the god Vishṇu, as 'the
holder of the discus' . . . 78 n 221
Chakrapâlita, the governor of the town
of Girinagara in the time of Skanda-
gupta . . . . . . . 63, 64, 65
Chakrapâṇi, the god Vishṇu, as 'holding
the discus in his hand' . . . 240, 248

[Right Column]

Chakravartin, a title of paramount sove-
reignty . . . . . 41, 134 n., 183 and n.
Chammak, a village in the Ilichpur Dis-
trict ; mentioned under the ancient
name of Charmâṅka, 236, 241 ; — the
grant of Pravarasêna II. . . . 235
Chandra, an emperor of Northern India,
12, 142 ; — he may perhaps be identified
with the Early Gupta king Chandra-
gupta I., or he may possibly be the
younger brother of Mihirakula, men-
tioned, but not named, by Hiuen
Tsiang, 12, 140 n. ; — he may possibly
have had also the name of Dhâva ; but
this is hardly borne out by the con-
struction of the record, 142 n. ; — his
Mêharaulî posthumous pillar inscription 130
Chandragupta I. (Early Gupta), 17, 18,
16, 28, 44, 51, 54, 257 ; — he seems to
have had the birudas or second names
of Vikrama and Vikramâditya, 18 ;—
his wife was Kumâradêvî, of the Lich-
chhavi tribe or clan, 16, 28, 44, 51, 54,
257 ; — he may perhaps be identified
with the Chandra of the Mêharaulî
pillar inscription . . . . 12, 140 n.
Chandragupta II. (Early Gupta), 17, 18, 25,
28, 32, 33, 35, 38, 44, 51, 54 ; — spoken
of as 'the accepted son' of Samudra-
gupta, 27, 51, 54 ; — this seems to in-
dicate that he was specially selected by
his father to succeed him, 12 n. ; — he had
the birudas or second names of Vikrama,
Vikramâditya, and Vikramâṅka, 18 ; —
he may possibly have had the title of
Dêvarâja ; but it has not been found on
his coins, and it is more probably the
name of one of his ministers, 33 n. ; —
his wife was Dhruvadêvî, 44, 51, 55 ; —
he visited Udayagiri on a tour of con-
quest, 36 ; — his Udayagiri inscription
of the (Gupta) year 82, . . 21 ; — his
Mathurâ inscription, 25 ; — his Sâñchi
inscription of the year 93, .. 29 ; — his
undated Udayagiri inscription, 34 ; —
his Gaḍhwâ inscription of the year 88 . 36
Chandrâpura, an ancient town . . . 71
Chandravarman, a king in Northern India,
conquered by Samudragupta . . . 13
Chandravarman, Sâmanta, mentioned in
the inscription of Jishṇugupta of the
(Harsha) year 48 . . . . 180
charaṇa, a sect or school studying any
particular śâkhâ of the Vêdas . . 241
Charmâṅka, the ancient name of the
modern Chammak . . . . 236, 241
charu, one of the five great sacrificial
rites . 116 and n., 124, 12 170, 190, 290
châṭa, 'irregular troops,' in position
with bhaṭa .. 98 and n., 1 109, 120,
128, 132, 138, 169, 195, 199, 299
chaturdaśa-vidyâsthâna, 'the fourteen
sections of science' . . . 115 and n.
chatur-udadhi-salil-âsvâdita-yaśas, an
epithet of Samudragupta, 27, 44, 51,
292

[Header]
308 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM, VOL. III.

[Left Column]

54, 257; — applied also to Vijayarâja
(Chalukya of Gujarât) . . . . 14 n.
Chaturvêdin, 'a Brâhmaṇ acquainted
with the four Vêdas' . . . 71, 190, 242
chaura-varjam, a fiscal term which is
explained by chôra-daṇḍa-varjyam . 109
Chaurôddharaṇika, an official title . 218 and n.
Chêdi era; see Kalachuri or Chêdi era . 8, 9, 10
Chhagalaga, Mahârâja (Sanakânika) . 25
Chhandâpallikâ, an ancient village in the
Nâgadêya santaka . . . . 120
chhâtra, 'an umbrella bearer,' in compo-
sition with bhaṭa, 242, 249; — used
alone . . . . . . . 241, 248
Chhatre, the late Prof. Kero Lakshman;
a method of calculating the week-days,
ending-times, and English dates, of
Hindu tithis, with his Tables, explained
by Mr. Sh. B. Dikshit, Appendix II.,
145 to 159; — the results thus obtain-
ed, may sometimes differ from those
obtained from the Sûrya-Siddhânta and
other Hindu works; but the difference
will not amount to more than 5 or 6
ghaṭîs . . . . . . . 155
Chhôḍugômika, a grantee . . . . 132
Chhôḍugômin, a proper name . . . 116
Chirbira, the Dûtaka of the Mâliyâ grant
of Dharasêna II. of the (Gupta-Valabhî)
year 252 . . . . . . 171
Chitrakûṭasvâmin, the god Vishṇu, as
'the lord of Chitrakûṭa' . . 268 and n.
Chitravarman, a Sênâpati of Pravarasêna
II. . . . . . . . . 243
chôra-daṇḍa-varjyam, a fiscal term . 98 n., 124
chôra-drôhaka-varjyam, a fiscal term which
is explained by the preceding . . . 116
chôra-varjam (see also chaura-varjam),
an elliptical expression for chôra-
daṇḍa-varjyam . . . . 98 and n.
chôra-varjita, a fiscal expression which
is explained by the same word . 120, 138
coins; remarks on coins of the Early
Guptas, 36 n., 12 ns., 14 ns., 15 n., 25 n.,
27 n., 28 ns., 46 n.; — of Samudra-
gupta, 12 ns., 14 ns., 15 n., 27 n., 28
ns.; — of Skandagupta, 25 n., 46 n.;
— of the Hindu kings of Kâbul, 57 to
60; — of the Kshatrapas or Mahâ-
kshatrapas of Saurâshtra, 36 n.; — and
of Tôramâṇa . . . . . II, 12
copper-plate charters are usually denoted
by the terms śâsana, 99 n., 194, 199,
218, 240, 242, 247, 249, 296; — and
tâmra-śâsana, 99 n., 109, 116, 128,
132, 138, 195, 199; — an exceptional
instance, in which such a charter is
denoted by the term praśasti, 87 n.; —
an illustration of functions connected
with a copper-plate charter, 99 n.; — the
edges of copper-plates are sometimes
left smooth, 68, 101, 106, 112, 121, 191,
196, 235, 243, 254, 292; — sometimes
fashioned thicker, to serve as rims to
protect the writing, 68 n., 117, 125, 170,

[Right Column]

133, 135, 172; — and sometimes beaten
up, to make raised rims for the same
purpose . . . . . . 68 n., 164
cows spoken of as 'the daughters of the
sun,' 195 and n., 200, 299; — cow-and-
calf-sculpture, with a tree, on an
inscription stone . . . . 274 and n.
cremation of widows, an epigraphical
instance of . . . . . 92 and n., 93
Cunningham, Gen. Sir A.; the views ex-
pressed by him on the Gupta era and
connected matters, with the result that
he finally selected the epoch of A.D.
166-67 . . . 32, 33, 38, 45, 48, 51, 53, 61
current and expired years (see also ex-
pired years); the proper method of the
interpretation of the years in recorded
dates, irrespective of the question of
the application of the years for calcu-
lation, 22 n.; — current years can come
to be ordinarily superseded by expired
years, only in the case of eras that are
actually applied by astronomers for as-
tronomical purposes, 143; — a distinct
instance of the use of a current year,
after the quotation of the preceding
expired year, 129, 22 n.; — instances of
the use of regnal years, which are na-
turally to be interpreted as current
years, 24 n., 159, 161, 192, 197, 236, 244,
287, 293; — instances of the use of
years, of eras, which, not being specified
as expired, are naturally to be interpre-
ted as current, 80, 85, 91, 93, 95, 104, 110,
114, 117, 22, 30, 37, 41, 43, 46, 57, 58,
66, 70, 89, 92, 95, 102, 107, 113, 118,
121, 126, 133, 135, 165, 173, 209, 255,
261, 263, 266, 268, 273, 274; — in-
stances of the use of years, of eras,
which apparently are to be interpreted
as current, but which have to be ap-
plied as expired for calculation, 80 n.,
85, 107 n.; — instances of the use of both
current and expired years of the Kali-
yuga, Vikrama, and Śaka eras, in Hindu
almanacs . . . . . . 138 to 141

ḍ, lingual; a special and unique form of
it, from which the modern Dêvanâgarî
form is derived . . . . 72 and Plate
Ḍabhâlâ, or possibly Ḍahâlâ, the name
of the hereditary kingdom of Hastin,
the modern Bundêlkhaṇḍ . . 113, 114, 116
Dacca (Ḍâkâ), a Division, District, and
town in the Bengal Presidency; per-
haps mentioned under the ancient
name of Ḍavâka . . . . 9 n. 14
Dâdâbhâî, author of the Kiraṇâvali, a
commentary on the Sûrya-Siddhânta;
his quotation of Brihaspati in support
of the heliacal-rising system of the
Twelve-Year Cycle of Jupiter, 170; —
his comments on a verse of the Sûrya-
Siddhânta in the same connection . 171 n.

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; INDEX. 309
Dahâla, a possible reading instead of
Ḍabhâla . . . . . 113, 114, 116 n.
Daivaputra a dynasty or tribe, conquered
by Samudragupta . . . . 14
Daksha, a proper name . . . 157, 158
dakshiṇâpatha, 'the region of the south,'
a technical name for Southern India,
13 and n.;— list of the kings conquered
therein by Samudragupta . . . 13
Damana of Êraṇḍapalla, a king in South-
ern India, conquered by Samudragupta 13
Dâmôdara, the god Vishṇu, as 'wearing
a cord round the belly' . . . 206
Dâmôdaragupta (Gupta of Magadha),
206; — he defeated the Maukharis . 206
Dâmôdaragupta, Mahârâja (Parivrâjaka)
. . . . . 97, 104, 109, 115
Daṁshṭrasêna, a proper name . . 282
Daṇḍapâśika, or Dâṇḍapâśika, an official
title . . . . 170 and n., 218
Dâṇḍika, an official title . . 218 and n.
dâradraṇaka, a fiscal term, requiring
explanation . . . 299 and n.
Dâramaṇḍala, apparently an ancient dis-
trict in Baghêlkhaṇḍ . . . 125
daś-âparâdha, 'the ten offences' 189 and n., 218
Daśapura, the ancient name of the
modern Dasôr or Mandasôr . 79 and n., 84, 86
Dasôr, the popular and more correct
name of Mandasôr . . . 79 and n
dates (see also eras) in this series of
records, in the other Gupta-Valabhî
records quoted for calculation, and in
the Nêpâl inscriptions, recorded in —
decimal figures . . . . 85, 91, 97
decimal figures combined with nume-
rical symbols . . . 292 n., 293
numerical symbols 81, 93, 95, 114, 117,
119, 177 to 184, 22, 30, 37, 41, 46,
89, 92, 107, 110, 118, 165, 173, 192,
197, 209, 236, 255, 261, 263, 266, 273,
. . . . . 274, 287, 293
words . . 81, 97, 104, 110, 114, 117,
22, 43, 58, 66, 70, 73, 80, 89, 92, 95,
102, 107, 113, 118, 121, 126, 133, 135,
151, 159, 161, 173, 236, 244, 258, 263, 268
Dattadêvî, wife of Samudragupta, 21 n.,
27, 44, 51, 54;—a reference to her,
without mention of her name . . 21
Davâka, a country, perhaps the modern
Dacca (Ḍâkâ); Samudragupta either
included it in his empire, or else
extended his conquests up to the con-
fines of it . . . . . 9 n 14
days of the week, names of the, as used
in the only three instances that occur
among the Gupta-Valabhî dates:—
Ravi, i.e. Ravivâra (Sunday) . . 85
Sôma, i.e. Sômavâra (Monday) . . 91
Suragurudivasa (Thursday) . . 81, 90
days, lunar (see also tithis); special ex-
pressions, of occasional use, connecting
them with the solar or more properly
civil days, are, asyâṁ divasa-pûrvâyâm,
38, 40, 41, 44 and n., 97 and n., 104,
120, 265;—asyâṁ divasa-mâsa-saṁ-
vatsar-ânupûrvyâṁ, 97 n., 210;—
asyâṁ saṁvatsara-mâsa-divasa-pûrvâ-
yâṁ, 97 n., 108, 115;— and êtasyâṁ
pûrvâyâṁ, 160, 254;—and another
method, in the Nêpâl inscriptions, is
the use of diva in composition with the
tithi, 85 n., 178, 180 to 184;— lunar
days mentioned in dates of this series,
in the other Gupta-Valabhî dates used
for calculation, and in the Nêpâl in-
scriptions :—
bright fortnight;—
first . . . . 95, 182, 183
second . 93, 110, 179, 180, 183, 87, 104
third . . . . . 104, 183, 97
fifth . . . . . . 191
seventh . . . . . 184
ninth . . . . . . 184
tenth . . . . 178, 180, 182
eleventh . . . . . 25
twelfth . . . . 81, 90, 248
thirteenth . . 117, 183, 115, 243
dark fortnight;—
third . . . . . 114, 108
seventh . . . . . 93
fifteenth . . . . . 254
fortnight not specified;—
twelfth . . . . . 298
days, solar, or more properly civil, denot-
ed by ahan, and by dina, or divasa, or
their abbreviations di and diva, and
mentioned in dates of this series, in
the other Gupta-Valabhî dates used for
calculation, and in the Nêpâl inscrip-
tions :—
bright fortnight;—
second . . . . . . 91
fifth . . . . . . 97
seventh . . . . . 210, 278
eleventh . . . . . 291
thirteenth . . . . 77, 87
dark fortnight;—
seventh . . . . . . 93
thirteenth . . . . . 85
fifteenth . . . . . 171
fortnight not specified;—
third . . . . . 114, 109
fourth . . . . . . 34
fifth . . . . . 259, 262
sixth . . . . . 64, 139
seventh . . . . . 267
eighth . . . . . . 299
ninth . . . . . . 200
tenth . . . 40, 129, 160, 257
fourteenth . . . . . 120
eighteenth . . . . . 47
nineteenth . . . . 119, 112
twentieth . . . . 134, 263
twenty-first . . . . . 268

310 CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM. VOL. III
twenty-second . . . . . 124
twenty-fifth . . . . . 195
twenty-seventh . . 117, 116, 274 n.
decimal figures (see also dates); the ear-
liest epigraphical instances of the use
of them, 209 n.; — instances of the use
of them in the Verâwal and Môrbî re-
cords, 85, 91, 97; — instances of the
mixture of them with numerical sym-
bols, 292 and n.; — forms of decimal
figures illustrated in this series of
Plates:—
eight . . . . . . 292
Dehli District, an inscription from the . 139
Dêô-Baraṇârk, a village in the Shâhâbâd
District; mentioned under the ancient
name of Vâruṇikâ, 214, 215, 218; — the
modern name is from Dêva-Varuṇârka,
215; — the inscription of Jîvitagupta
II. . . . . . . . 213
Dêôgaḍh, a village in Central India; ex-
amination of the date of the inscription
of Bhôjadêva of Kanauj, of Vikrama-
Saṁvat 919 and Saka-Saṁvat 784, which
proves that one or other, or both, of the
unequal systems of the nakshatras con-
tinued in use up to A.D. 862 . . 107
‘Deoghar,’ a village in the ‘Santâl’ Par-
gaṇâs; a late inscription at this place,
mentioning Âdityasêna of Magadha . 212 n.
Dêôriyâ, a village in the Allâhâbâd
District; a Buddhist inscription . 271
Dêrabhaṭa (of Valabhî) . . . 41, 184
dêśa, a territorial term . . . 32 and n.
Dêva, a proper name . . . . 71
Dêvadâṅgiras, a grantee . . . 105
Dêvâḍhya, Mahârâja (Parivrâjaka) 97
and n., 104, 109, 115
Dêvagupta, Dêvaguptadêva (Gupta of
Magadha), 15, 215 n., 217, 240, 247; —
his wife was Kamaladêvî, 217; — his
daughter Prabhâvatiguptâ was the wife
of Rudrasêna II. . . . 15, 240, 247
Dêvaka, a proper name . . . 286
Dêvakî, the mother of Krishna . . 55
Dêvamitra, a grantee . . . 105
Dêvanâga, a grantee . . . 105
Dêvapattana, an ancient name of the
modern Verâwal . . . . 91
Dêvarâja, possibly a title of Chandra-
gupta II.; but it has not been found on
his coins, and it is more probably the
name of one of his ministers . 33 and n
Dêvarâshṭra, a country in Southern India;
in the time of Samudragupta, its king
was Kubêra . . . . 13
Dêvârya, a grantee, 242; — another of
the same name . . . . 242
Dêvaśarman, a grantee, 243; — another of
the same name . . . . 248
Dêvaśarmârya, a grantee . . . 243
Dêvasvâmin, a grantee, 105; — another
of the same name . . . . 109
Dêvatâ, a proper name . . . . 263
Dêvavishṇu, a proper name . . . 71
dêvî, a title of wives of Mahârâjas (used
also as a termination of the names of
wives of both paramount sovereigns and
feudatories; see under names, proper)
221 and n., 232
Dêvî, the goddess Pârvatî, the wife of
Siva, as ‘the (principal) goddess,’ 225,
227; — a mention of her defeating the
demon Mahishâsura . . . 227
Dêvî, daughter of a supposed Mahâdaitya,
an imaginary wife of Samudragupta . 18, 19
dêya-dharma, ‘an appropriate religious
gift;’ a formula used in certain dona-
tive inscriptions . . 25 and n., 210,
263, 272, 273, 274, 279, 280, 282
Dhanada, — the god Kubêra, as ‘the giver
of wealth’ . . 14, 21, 28, 44, 51, 54, 257
Dhanada-Varuṇ-Êndr-Ântaka-sama, an
epithet of Samudragupta, 14, 21 n., 28,
44, 51, 54, 257; — applied also to
Vijayarâja (Chalukya of Gujarât) . 14 n.
Dhanañjaya of Kusthalapura, a king in
Southern India, conquered by Samudra-
gupta . . . . . . 13
Dhanêsa, the god Kubêra, as ‘the lord of
wealth’ . . . . 169, 181
Dhânyavâhika, an ancient village in
Baghêlkhaṇḍ . . . 124 and n.
Dhanyavishṇu, younger brother of the
Mahârâja Mâtṛivishṇu . . 89, 90, 160, 161
Dhârâ, a city, the modern Dhâr in Cen-
tral India; reference to the defeat of a
king of this city by a Maukhari chief . 230
Dharapaṭṭa, Mahârâja (of Valabhî) . 41, 168
Dharasêna I., Sênâpati (of Valabhî) . 41, 168
Dharasêna II., Mahârâja (of Valabhî) 41,
169, 171, 181; — his Mâliyâ grant of
the (Gupta-Valabhî) year 252 . . 164
Dharasêna III. (of Valabhî) . . 41, 182
Dharasêna IV. (of Valabhî), 41, 134 n.,
183; — he was the first paramount
sovereign in the Valabhî family; and
his power was perhaps more extensive
than that of his successors, 134 n.; —
examination of the date in his Kaira
grant of the (Gupta-Valabhî) year 330 . 93
dharmachakra, the Buddhist ‘wheel of
religion,’ as an emblem on inscription
stones . . . . . 263, 269
Dharmadâsa, a proper name . . 280
Dharmadêva (Lichchhavi of Nêpâl), 182,
186, 189; — his wife was Râjyavatî . 182
Dharmâditya, a biruda or second name
of Sîlâditya I. of Valabhî, 41, 181; —
and of Kharagraha II. of Valabhî . 41, 184
Dharmadôsha, a minister of Vishnuvar-
dhana of Mâlava . . . . 157
Dharmagupta, a proper name . . . 282
Dharmârya, a grantee, 248; — another of
the same name . . . . . 243

THE GUPTA INSCRIPTIONS; INDEX. 311
Dhâva, possibly another name of the
emperor Chandra; but this interpreta-
tion is hardly borne out by the con-
struction of the record . . . . 142 n.
Dhavalâ, wife of the second Bâlâditya
mentioned by name in the Sârnâth in-
scription . . . . . . . 286
Dhavashaṇḍikâ, an ancient village in
Baghêlkhaṇḍ, 123; — another of the
same name, or perhaps the same vill-
age, in the Vôṭa santika . . . 130, 132
Dhiniki, a village in Kâṭhiâwâḍ; examin-
ation of the date in the grant of Jâika-
dêva, purporting to be in the Vikrama
year 794, with the result that this
grant must be held to be spurious . . 62 n.
Dhṛitiṣvâmika, the Dûtaka of the grant
of Śarvanâtha of the (Gupta) year 214 . 139
Dhrûbhaṭa, a maetrical abbreviation of the
name of Dhruvabhaṭa . . 41, 172 n., 189
Dhruvabhaṭa, a biruda or second name of
Śîlâditya VII. of Valabhî, occurring in
the abbreviated form of Dhrûbhaṭa,
41, 172 n., 180;— it has been supposed
to be represented by the Chinese T'u-
lu-h'o-po-tu; but the Chinese name
certainly cannot denote the seventh
Śîlâditya . . . . . . . 40
Dhruvabhûti, Mahâdaṇḍanâyaka . . 16
Dhruvadatta, Bhôgika . . . . . 120
Dhruvadêva, Mahârâja (Lichchhavi of
Nêpâl), 180, 181, 189, 190, 191; — he had
the epithet of 'the banner or glory of
the Lichchhavikula' . . . . . 181
Dhruvadêvî, wife of Chandragupta II. 44, 51, 55
Dhruvâdhikaraṇika, an official title 169, 170 n.
Dhruvaśarman, the person who caused
the Bilsaḍ inscribed pillars to be set up 45
Dhruvasêna I., Mahârâja (of Valabhî) . 41, 168
Dhruvasêna II., Mahârâja (of Valabhî),
41, 182;—he had the biruda or second
name of Bâlâditya . . . . 41, 182
Dhruvasêna III. (of Valabhî) . . . 41, 184
dhvaja, 'a banner or standard,' as dis-
tinguished from lâñchhana, 'a crest,'
151 n.; — used to denote the Mêha-
raulî pillar, 140, 142; — dhvaja-stam-
bha 'a flag-staff,' used to denote the
Êraṇ pillar . . . . . . 89, 90
di, an abbreviation of dina, dinê, divasa,
or divasê, 85 n., 92 n.; — used in con-
nection with śu, 91, 97, 210, 277, 291;
— used in connection with ba or va,
85, 93; — used by itself 114, 117, 34,
47, 109, 116, 120, 257, 262, 263
Dighwâ-Dubaulî a [village] in the Sâran
District; the value of the grant of the
Mahârâja Mahêndrapâla, of the (Har-
sha) year 155, towards proving the
epoch of the Harsha . . . . 178 n.
Dîkshit, Mr. Shankar Balkrishna; his cal-
culations of dates, 34, 35, 62, 75, 76, 77,
80 to 124, 127, 128, 129, 141; — his ex-
position of a method of calculating the
week-days, ending-times, and English
dates, of Hindu tithis, with Prof. K. L.
Chhatre's Tables, Appendix II., 145 to
159; — his exposition of the Twelve-
Year Cycle of Jupiter, Appendix III. 161 to 176
Dîkshita, a Brâhmaṇical title . 120 and n., 124
dina (see also di, and divasa), 'a day;'
146, 92 n.;—used to denote the solar or
more properly civil day . . 64, 77, 87, 259
dînâra, a particular gold coin, or weight
of gold . . . . 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 262, 265
Dinê . . mâśvara, a proper name . . . 273
Dinna, a proper name . . . . 124 n., 290
diva, an abbreviation of divasa or divasê;
used to denote the solar or more pro-
perly civil day . . . . . . 267
civâ, 'by day;' an indeclinable used in
some of the Nêpâl inscriptions in com-
position with words denoting tithis or
lunar days . . . . 85 n., 178, 180 to 184
Divâkaradatta, a grantee . . . . 97
Divâkarasvâmin, a grantee . . . 105
divasa (see also di, dina, and diva) a
day,' 146, 92 n.;—used for the week-day,
instead of the usual term vâra, 81,
90; — used to denote the solar or more
properly civil day, 119, 32 n., 38,
40, 44, 97, 104, 112, 120, 124, 129, 134,
139, 160, 263, 268, 299;—used in
connection with words denoting tithis
or lunar days . . . . 97, 104, 108, 115
Divira, an official title . . . 123 and n.
Dombhigrâma, an ancient village, in
Kâṭhiâwâḍ . . . . . . . 170
Dôshakumbha, a proper name . . . 157
Drâṅgika, an official title . . . 169 and n.
dṛishṭam, 'sight has been attained;' an
invocation used at the commencement
of inscriptions, 240 and n., 247; — it is
the remnant of some such expression
as dṛishṭaṁ bhagavatâ . . 25 n., 240 n.
Drôṇasiṁha, Mahârâja (of Valabhî) . 41, 168
Drôṇasiṅgha, the engraver of the Râypur
grant of Sudêvarâja . . . . . .
Duḍika, a proper name . . . . . 71
duplicate inscriptions . . . . 42, 142, 149
Durdharamitra, a grantee . . . . 218
Durgamaṇḍala, apparently an ancient dis-
trict in Baghêlkhaṇḍ . . . . . 124
Durlabha of Multân, an astronomer quoted
by Albêrûnî; his method for converting
Lôkakâla dates into Śaka dates shews
that the Lôkakâla reckoning was intro-
duced, at Multân, in A.D. 926 . . . 26 n.
Dûta, an occasional substitute for Dûtaka,
100 n., 291; — used in the sense of an
ordinary message-carrier or postman 217 and n.
Dûtaka (see also ḍâkâ, Dûta, and sva-
mukh-âjñâ), the technical title of an
officer, in connection with charters
usually recorded on copper-plates but
in a few instances on stone, whose duty
it was to carry the king's orders to the
local officials by whom the charter was