व्यवहारमयूख (नीलकण्ठ भट्ट - पश्चिमी भारत की हिन्दू न्याय-संहिता एवं व्यवहार कोष)

S.II 3 1-8 ] WITNESSES 81
M p 221 3.-p.231 24 ]
Now ( begins the chapter about ) witnesses
In Toḍarānanda¹ Nārada says (p 79 v 147)
In doubtful matters when two litigants are disputing, a clear perception
( knowledge or conclusion ) results from witnesses, since the latter have
either seen, heard or experienced the matter in dispute.²

• Bṛhaspati (p 299 vv 1-2) enumerates the kinds of witnesses
  Witnesses are declared (in the smṛtis) to be of twelve sorts, viz a subscribing
  witness, one whose name is caused to be written (by another), concealed wit-
  ness, one who has been reminded, a member of the family, a messenger, one
  coming by chance (not called on purpose), an indirect witness, one who is
  confided in by both sides, the king, the (presiding) judge, the people of
  the village
  Likhitaḥ³ is one who (whose name) is placed on the document by the plain-