व्यवहारमयूख (नीलकण्ठ भट्ट - पश्चिमी भारत की हिन्दू न्याय-संहिता एवं व्यवहार कोष)

S. X. 3 6 ] BREACH OF CONTRACT SERVICE 287
M/p. 125 l. 23-p. 126 l. 25 ]
work ('even for a learned brāhmaṇa).¹
Manu (VIII. 411) says :

• 'A brāhmaṇa should support without harshness a kṣatriya or a vaiśya
  distressed for his livelihood; he should make them do work (befitting
  them) if they were their own masters'
  'Svāmīkarma' means 'work of a higher kind suited to their caste'.
  Kātyāyana says.
  He who takes a brāhmaṇa woman and also he who sells her should
  be fined by the king who should make that transaction (of sale and pur-
  chase) null and void. He who enslaves a woman of a respectable family
  that took shelter with him at her pleasure (or through lust) or who trans-
  fers her to another shall be punished and his act shall be annulled. He
  who enjoys the nurse of his child or one who is not a nurse or the wife
  of his attendant as if she were a female slave would incur the lowest
  amercement.
  Viṣṇu (V 151) says 'one who employs a man of a higher caste as a
  slave shall be fined in the highest amercement.'² Kātyāyana says :
  He who wishes to sell a female slave faithful to him who cries (when
  about to be sold), being able and not in any difficulty, would incur the
  lowest amercement.
  Nārada (pp. 135-137 vv. 26-29, 37, 30) describes the varieties of slaves:
  One born at (his master's) house, one purchased (for money), one
  received (by gift and the like), one obtained by inheritance, one main-
  tained during a famine, one pledged by his master, onet released from
  a heavy debt, one made captive in a fight, one won through a wager,
  one who approaches saying 'I am thine', one fallen from asceticism, one
  enslaved for a stipulated period, one who becomes a slave for maintenance,
  one enslaved on account of connection with a female slave, one sold by him-
  self—these are the fifteen classes of slaves declared in the śāstras. Among
  these the group of the first four cannot be released from slavery except
  by the favour of their masters, their bondage is hereditary. That wretched
  man who, being free, sells himself is the vilest of these (fifteen varieties).
  He also cannot be released from bondage. He out of these (fifteen), who
  saves his master from danger to life, would be free from the state of

1. Nārada (p 131. vv. 5-7) divides work into pure and impure and says that pure
   work is done by labourers and impure by slaves and then sets out impure work as 'sweep-
   ing the gateway, the privy, the road and the place for rubbish, shampooing private parts &c'.
2. This may refer to a brāhmaṇa being made a slave or to the fact of a man of a
   lower class employing as a slave one of a higher class.

• P 208 (text), † P. 209 (text)