व्यवहारमयूख (नीलकण्ठ भट्ट - पश्चिमी भारत की हिन्दू न्याय-संहिता एवं व्यवहार कोष)

S. IV. 7. 5-9 ] GAINS OF LEARNING 137
M p 67 l. 37-p 68 l 35 ]
ing, what is made (i. e. acquired) from a pupil or from one for whom a
sacrifice is to be performed are declared to be vidyādhana. What is
acquired in other ways than these is common property (of all members of
the family). Bṛhaspati says 'what is obtained by (superior) learning
after vanquishing an adversary in a wager should be known as vidyā-
dhana and it is not to be divided'. Bhṛgu says 'what is acquired
by (successfully) asserting one's learning, what is obtained from a pupil
and what is earned on the analogy of a sacrificial priest (i. e. by making
one's knowledge useful to another), (these) are (termed) vidyādhana.
Upanyāsa means, according to the Madanaratna, the recitation (of
the Vedas) together in krama, jaṭā, and the like modes (of combination)¹
Some say that it means 'the expounding* of a knotty (abstruse) proposition
in an assembly'. The construction is panapūrvakam upanyaste (when
a difficult matter is propounded with a wager). S'aṁsana means 'making
known (or announcing), prādhyayana means 'excessive (or deep) study'.
The meaning of the words 'śilpisvapi' is that this rule about learning
is to be understood as applicable also to artisans, mūlyādhikam (beyond
the proper price) means 'a reward', ṛtviṅ-nyāya means 'supervising'.²
Here in all cases there is impartibility only when there is no detriment to
paternal estate in acquiring learning and in earning wealth by that learning,
but if there is detriment (to paternal estate) then it (the wealth acquired
by learning) does become partible. Hence is it that Kātyāyana says
Bṛhaspati says that that wealth is to be divided which is (acquired) by
brothers that were taught learning in the family or (learnt it) from their
father and which is acquired through valour (by such brothers so taught).
Even where there is detriment to the paternal estate, the acquirer does
get a double share, since Vasiṣṭha (Dh. S 17 51) says 'out of these
(brothers &c.) he who by himself acquired it should take a double share'.
As regards a certain class of vidyādhana Nārada (p 191 v. 10) mentions
a special rule:
He, who maintains the family of a brother while the latter is engaged
in studying, should receive a share out of the vidyādhana (of that
brother), though he was not promised (to that effect previously).
In the Madanaratna 'aśruta' is explained as 'devoid of learning';
but it is proper to explain it as one who was not promised 'I shall give
a share'.
1 Krama, jaṭā and ghana are complicated methods of repeating the Vedas, each suc-
ceeding one being more complicated than the preceding. Vide notes to V. M. p. 213
2. Or this may mean 'the word ṛtviṅ-nyāya is only illustrative' (i. e. includes similar
things).
* P. 126 (text).
V. M 18