वेदान्त पारिजात सौरभ (भगवद् निम्बार्काचार्य - द्वैताद्वैत वेदान्त ब्रह्मसूत्र भाष्य सटीक)

[sū. 2. 2. 33.
ADH. 6.] VEDĀNTA-KAUSTUBHA 369
Adhikarana 6 The section entitled "Impossible
in one". (Sūtras 33-36)
SŪTRA 33
"(THE JAINA DOCTRINE IS) NOT (TENABLE), ON ACCOUNT OF THE
IMPOSSIBILITY (OF CONTRADICTORY ATTRIBUTES) IN ONE (AND
THE SAME THING)."
Vedānta-pārijāta-saurabha
The Jainas ascribe contradictory attributes like existence and
non-existence and so on to all things. This does not stand to reason,
because the co-existence of contradictory attributes, like existence and
non-existence and the rest, is impossible, like that of shadow and
light.
Vedānta-kaustubha
The view of the Buddhists, who leave the hem of their lower
garment loose and untucked, has been disposed of. Now the view of
the Jainas, the naked, are being disposed of
They hold that the universe comprises souls and non-souls, and
is without a Lord. They maintain also that atoms are the causes
of the world. They imagine couples of contradictory attributes, like
existence and non-existence, in all the categories. Thus, according to
them, there are seven categories, summing up all scriptural teachings,
viz. soul, non-soul, influx (of foreign matter into the soul), (its)
stoppage, freedom from decay, bondage and release.1
Among these, the souls are sentient, and endowed with the
attributes of knowledge, perception, happiness and strength. Thus,
knowledge means the apprehension of the real nature of objects through
the right discrimination between the soul and the non-soul. Perception
means cognizing objects, being free from attachment and detachment
The souls in bondage have worldly happiness, while the freed souls
have the happiness which inheres in themselves. Likewise strength
means proper endurance. These souls are possessed of parts, and are
of the size of the body. Among them, some are souls in bondage,
some are freed souls, some are ever-perfect The freed souls are
omniscient and possessed of unsurpassed happiness.
1 Jīva, ajīva, āsrava, saṁvara, nirjara, bandha and mokṣa.
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