उपवनविनोद (आचार्य शार्ङ्गधर - वृक्षायुर्वेद, भू-जल संधान एवं उद्यान-विज्ञान सटीक)

SCIENCE OF ARBORI-HORTICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA 19
2. "Although all the water falling from heaven has the same colour and
taste, yet it becomes different in taste, and of various colours, owing to the
differences of soil (cf. Śuśruta, i, 1. 9. sqq. p. 116). Hence an examination
of it may be based on its analogy with the soil."
3. "Indra, Agni, Yama, Nirṛti, Varuṇa, Vāyu, Soma, and Śiva are to
be considered the rulers of the quarters, east, south-east, and so on in
succession."
4. "Eight veins are denominated after the ruler of the region; a ninth
in the centre is called the great vein. There are hundreds of other veins that
issue from different quarters and are known by their own names."
5. "The veins running above the infernal regions and those that are
found in the four cardinal points, are good; those issuing from the inter-
mediate points are evil. I now proceed to describe the distinctive features of
the veins."
6. "If one finds a Vetasa plant in a waterless tract, one is sure to find
water by digging the ground at a distance of 3 cubits to the west of it
half a puruṣa below the earth." (One puruṣa is equal to 120 aṅgulas,
i. e., about 7 ft.)
7. The (further) signs are: at a depth of half a puruṣa a pale yellow
frog, then yellow clay, and a stone protuding from it,—beneath there is water."
8. "If you find a Jambu tree in such a land, dig a hole two puruṣas
deep, 3 cubits to the north of it, and you will find water running in a
vein eastward."
9. "If there be ant-hills close by to the east of the said Jambu tree, you
will surely find sweet water in a pit dug 2 puruṣas deep, 3 cubits to the
south of it.
10. "(The signs are): a fish at a depth of half a puruṣa, and a pigeon-
coloured pebble. There also will be dark clay and much water for a
long time."
11. "If an Udumbara tree is seen, you are sure to find sweet water flowing
in a vein, in a pit dug 2½ puruṣas deep, 3 cubits to the west of it."
12. "If an ant-hill is found to the north of an Arjuna tree, water will be
found there 3½ puruṣas under the earth, at a distance of 3 cubits to the west of
that tree."
13. "(The indications are): a great fair-hued lizard at the depth of half a
puruṣa; gray clay one puruṣa underground; further, black, yellow, white
clay blended with sand; at last water, one may predict, in immense quantity
at a depth of 2½ puruṣas."
14. "If Nirgundi tree is found with an ant-hill, one will find tasteful water
in a pit 2 puruṣas deep, 3 cubits towards the south."
15. "A rohita fish at half a puruṣa, then red brown clay, further pale