द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

44 THE INDIAN STRUGGLE
backward. Only in some parts of the northern portion of
Madras Presidency, called Andhra, is the movement strong.
There is an independent movement among the students
and also among the youth in India. From time to time, all
India Congresses of students and of youths are held—but
there is no permanent All-India Committee to co-ordinate
these activities. These two movements are generally conducted
on a provincial basis. In Bengal, of all the provinces, the
students' movement is the strongest. The last 'All-India
Congress of Students was held at Lahore in December 1929.
The youth movement is organised in different provinces under
different names. In Bengal the name 'Yuba Samity' or
'Tarun Sangha' is popular. In Punjab and the United
Provinces, the name 'Naujawan Bharat Sabha' is more in.
vogue. The first Congress of Youths was held in Calcutta
in December 1928, and was presided over by Mr. Nariman,
the Congress leader of Bombay. The second and the last
Congress was held in Karachi in March 1931, and was
presided over by the writer. The students' and youth organi-
sations work in close co-operation with the Indian National
Congress, though they have a more radical outlook and
programme.
Last but not least, the women's movement is an important
factor in the public life of India to-day. This movement has
advanced by rapid strides during the last fourteen years.
One of the miracles for which the Mahatma is responsible
to a very large extent, is this awakening. This movement
has been intimately connected with the Indian National
Congress, nevertheless, independent women's committees have
come into existence all over the country. The movement is,
generally speaking, organised on a provincial basis and in
many provinces—as in Bengal—provincial Congresses are
held from time to time. In all the Congress Committees in
India, women now have an honoured place and in the Supreme
Executive of the Congress—the Working Committee—there
is at least one woman representative. Two of the recent
annual sessions of the Indian National Congress have been
presided over by women—by Mrs. Besant in 1917 and Mrs.
Sarojini Naidu, the poetess, in 1925.