द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

40 THE INDIAN STRUGGLE :
gopalachari of Madras, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu, the celebrated
poetess, Moulana Abul Kalam Azad of Calcutta, Mr. Abhyan-
kar of Nagpur, Mr. Jairamdas Daulatram of Karachi and Dr.
B. C. Roy of Calcutta. Among them Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru's popularity is, by general consent, the highest.
Besides the above political parties comprising members of
all communities, there are communal organisations whose
avowed object is to secure the loaves and fishes for members of
their own community. Among the Moslems, the All-India
Moslem League is the most important organisation, having
been started as early as 1906. During 1920 and 1924, the
Moslem League was eclipsed by the All-India Khilafat
Committee. But after the abolition of the Khalifate in 1924,
the Khilafat movement in India collapsed, and the Moslem
League regained its former importance. Besides the Moslem
League, there are other organisations of recent growth, like
the All-India Moslem Conference. The prominent com-
munal Moslem leaders are the Aga Khan, Mr. M. A. Jinnah
(who was a Congress leader up to 1920), Sir Mohammed
Ikbal of Lahore. Sir Mohammed Yakub of the United
Provinces and Mr. Shafi Daudi of Patna. Moulana Shaukat
Ali, once a prominent Congress and Khilafat leader, has,
on several occasions, identified himself with the com-
munal Mohammedans. Sir Abdur Rahim occupies a position
between the communal leaders on the one side and the
Nationalist Moslem leaders on the other.
As a counterblast to the All-India Moslem League, the
Hindu Mahasabha has come into existence for the avowed
object of protecting the rights of the Hindus. It has influential
support in some parts of India. Among the prominent leaders
are Mr. Ramananda Chatterji of Calcutta (Editor of the
Modern Review). Dr. B. S. Moonje of Nagpur, Bhai Par-
manand of Lahore, Mr. N. C. Kelkar of Poona. Pandit
Madan Mohon Malaviya, though intimately connected with
the Congress also plays an important part in the Hindu
Mahasabha. Besides the Moslem League and the Hindu
Mahasabha there are other communal parties. For instance,
the Anglo-Indians, the Indian Christians, the Sikhs (of the
Punjab) and the depressed classes among the Hindus have