द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

118 THE INDIAN STRUGGLE
security, justice, prisons, finance, etc., are in the hands of
officials and the budget allotments for these departments are
made first. What is left is handed over to the ministers and
this amount is so inadequate that it barely suffices for their
minimum establishment, rendering it quite impossible to
undertake nation-building work on a decent scale. Moreover,
the principal officials working under the Ministers, including
their secretaries, cannot be subjected to disciplinary action
by them and being quite independent of the legislature in
the matter of their pay and emoluments, they are not respon-
sive to popular sentiment. In these circumstances, the
the unhampered working of the constitution cannot benefit
the country in any way—whereas successful obstruction not
only brings pressure to bear on the Government by putting
obstacles in its path, but also develops a spirit of resistance
in the country as a whole. As a matter of fact, when the
constitution of the Swaraj Party was first drawn up in
March 1923, it was explicitly stated in the preamble that
the object of the Swarajist policy was to create an atmos-
phere of resistance to the bureaucracy, without which the
Government could never be made to respond to popular
demands.
While the Swarajists were enjoying the first flush of
victory, the Labour Secretary of State for India, Lord
Olivier, in a striking speech delivered in the House of Lords,
analysed the causes which led to the birth of Swarajism in
India. Among the causes he mentioned were—firstly, the
resolution passed by the House of Lords supporting General
Dyer, the author of the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre; secondly,
the 'steel-frame speech' of the Premier, Mr. Lloyd George,
in 1922, eulogising the Indian Civil Service; thirdly, the
doubling of the Salt Tax by the Government of India, in
1923, in the teeth of intense popular opposition and despite
the adverse vote of the Indian Legislative Assembly; and
fourthly, the injustice meted out to Indians in the Crown
Colony of Kenya in Africa. This clever and sympathetic
analysis of the causes of the Indian unrest leading to the birth
of the Swaraj Party, showed that for once at least the India
Office in London was able to appreciate public sentiment