12.

A Resume

631. The various points that have been discussed at length in the foregoing
     chapters, viz. Ch. V to XI of this book, can now be briefly summarized here
     into a consistent whole.
632. In the historic past, India, too, like all other great nations, had been
     invaded by the Ionians, Sakas and Huns and other non-Hindu wild people.
     But after centuries of violent struggle with them, all the Hindu nations
     stamped out their political dominance by smashing their armed might on the
     various battlefields and became independent again and again. Moreover, it
     converted the millions of the Ionian, Saka and Hun foreigners who settled
     down here in various provinces during the years of those hard struggles, and
     taught them the Vedic cult, the worship of the Vedic gods and goddesses, and
     the Sanskrit civilization and culture, so as to merge them so completely
     amongst its own people as to leave not a single trace of their original non-
     Hindu races and names behind.
633. When the unprecedented calamity of the Muslim aggression fell on
     India, the Hindus kept on stubbornly fighting the aggressors for over a
     thousand years or so, and ultimately shattered the Muslim power as
     completely as they did the non-Hindu Saka-Hun empires; and once again,
     they established their political independence! Yet, they could not recover
     their tremendous loss of numerical strength, which was brought about by the
     forcible conversions nor could they regain the Indian areas actually occupied
     by the Muslim settlers here, nor even could they Hinduise the Muslims as
     completely as they did the Ionian, the Saka, the Hun and other non-Hindus!
     Why?
634. The answer to this main vexing question is chiefly and thoroughly
     discussed with adequate historical proofs in chapters V to XI of this book.
     The conclusion that one arrives at after evaluating the contemporary events
     and circumstances is that as soon as the Muslim rule was overthrown, or was
     in the process of being overthrown, neither the Hindus at large, nor the
     Hindu rulers ousted the Muslim religious dominance even when proper
     opportunities presented themselves, and although they were far more
     strongly armed than their Muslim opponents. They did not convert even a
     single Muslim to Hinduism by persuasion—let alone by force!