सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

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example in the equation A = S + B, we say that the
Bhuja is had by a Samskāra between A and S. The
meaning of Samskāra given by Bhāskara is “समदिशोर्योगः
भिन्नदिशोरन्तरम् संस्कारः” Latitude being regarded as southern,
if the Sun's declination is 12° north and the latitude 20°,
then as they are of opposite direction, effecting the
Samskāra as directed 20 - 12 = 8 = zenith-distance
(South) = Nata as it is called similarly 70 + 12 = 82 =
Altitude = Unnata; here we have added because, both
lamba and declination are north. Similarly when δ = 24°
north, and φ = 20° as before (south)
24 - 20 = 4° = zenith-distance (north) = Nata
70 + 24 = 94 = unnata (north). But, we take
180 - 94 = 86°.
In the above working in the first case we found
φ - δ, whereas in the second we found δ - φ. This
difference in treatment is not taken objection to, since,
the word Antara is used to take the positive value of the
difference alone and so in the first instance the nata is
pronounced as south, whereas in the second it is pro-
nounced north.
In modern astronomy, however, we have the formula
z + δ = φ, considering z as positive if south, δ and φ
positive if north. Here 8° + 12° = 20° (first case cited
above) and (- 4°) + 24° = 20° (2nd case, z being negative,
for, it is north. In the Hindu symbolism we have to
pronounce separately when z is south or north, whereas in
modern symbolism the sign alone informs its direction.
Similarly in the equation A = S + B, we have to pro-
nounce ‘north bhuja’ or ‘south bhuja’ as the case may be,
whereas having a convention that δ is + ve when north,
and also the Hindu azimuth (measured from the East
point) the sign of bhuja indicates its direction. In other
words we differentiate the two cases A - S and S - A
giving them signs and deducing the direction of the bhuja