सङ्गीतरत्नाकर: प्रथम भाग (शार्ङ्गदेव - स्वरगताध्याय सविस्तार व्याख्या व अनुवाद सहित)

76 Treatment of Svara
बन्धनेर्बहुभिर्बद्धा भूरिभारक्षमा भवेत् ।
नौरम्भसि यथा स्नायुशतबद्धा तनुस्तथा ॥९६॥
groups, viz., pratānavatī³ suṣirā⁴ kaṇḍarā⁵ and pṛthulā.⁶ Just
as (the planks of) a boat being tied together by many faste-
nings become strong enough to bear a huge burden (floating)
on water, so also (the joints of) the body being fastened by
the ligaments (becomes strong). (95-96)
The four groups of the snāyu-s correspond to ligaments, sphincter
muscles or valvulor bands of muscles, tendon, and flattened or ribbon-
shaped tendons or aponeuroses as stated by Ghanekar (Vol. II, pp. 158-
159) and Suśruta (Śā. Sthā. 5.38-40).
In Āyurveda the word snāyu also means a muscle, obviously the
number 900 includes ligaments, tendons and aponeuroses along with
some of the muscles. The word generally means fibrous tissue. So
the word snāyu has only loosely been translated as ligament. The four
types of ligaments are elucidated as under :

1. Pratānavatī type : The ligaments of the four extremities and
   their joints.
2. Suṣirā ,, The ligaments of stomach, intestines and the
   bladder.
3. Kaṇḍarā or ,, All the large ligaments.
   Vṛttā
4. Pṛthulā ,, The ligaments of the chest, back, sides and
   head.
   The function of the ligaments is explained by the analogy of a
   boat. The many planks by themselves cannot serve the purpose of
   a raft, but when they are joined together and tied to form a boat they
   become strong enough to carry a certain load across a river; similarly,
   the various parts of the body when fastened together by the ligaments
   render the body strong and movable. Such is the importance of the
   ligaments (cf. Bhishagratna, pp. 168, 169 and Suśruta Śā. Sthā. 5.30-36).
5. Pratānavatī lit. means ramifying or branching.
6. Suṣirā lit. means hollow.
7. Kaṇḍarā lit. means a cave and is suggestive of a cylindrical
   form; however the other name for it, viz., vṛttā implies a
   round or a ring shape.
8. Pṛthulā is derived from pṛthu which literally means thick or
   broad.
   Section 2 : The Genesis of the Human Body
9. पेश्यः
   पञ्च पेशीशतान्याहुः शरीरस्थानि सूरयः ।
   अधिका विंशतिः स्त्रीणां तत्र स्युः स्तनयोर्दश ॥९७॥
   यौवने ताः प्रवर्धन्ते दश योनौ तु तत्र च ।
   द्वे अन्तः प्रसृते बाह्ये द्वे तिस्रो गर्भमार्गगाः ॥९८॥
   शङ्खनाभ्याकृतिर्योनिस्त्र्यावर्ता ऽत्र तृतीयेके ।
   आवर्ते गर्भशय्या ऽस्ति पित्तपक्वाशयान्तरे ॥९९॥
   रोहिताभिधमत्स्यस्य सदृशी तत्र पेशिका ।

• शुक्रार्तवप्रवेशिन्यस्तिस्रः प्रच्छादिका मताः ॥१००॥

13. Muscles: 97-100
    The sages speak of five hundred muscles in the body, —
    while there are twenty more in case of women, i.e., ten in
    the two breasts that grow in youth and ten of the vagina,
    two spreading outwards¹, two inside it and three in the
    vaginal canal. (97-98)
    The vaginal canal is in the shape of a conch-shell with
    three involuted turns², at the last of which lies the foetal
    Five hundred muscles in the body along with twenty extra of
    women make five hundred and twenty which may be compared to five
    hundred and nineteen of the modern medical science. Regarding the
    twenty extra muscles of women, Bhishagratna writes on Suśruta (Śā.
    Sthā. 5. 42-43) : "Females have twenty extra muscles; ten muscles are to
    be found about the two breasts, five in each, which attain their full growth
    during puberty; four muscles are present about the parturient passage;
    and of these (four) two are about the external and two in the internal
    orifices (of the vagina), three about the region of the OS, and three about
    the passages of the ovum and the sperm." This makes the situation clear.
    The last three of these are mentioned in the next two verses.
    The uterus is like a muscle resembling rohita fish in shape. Suśruta
    (Śā. Sthā. 5. 56) says that uterus resembles the mouth of the rohita fish.
    It seems that our author too has adopted this idea from Suśruta and if
    so, then 'matsyasya' of the text may better be read as matsyāsya, signify-
    ing, not "of the resemblance of" but, "resembling the mouth of" the
14. These two constitute the sphincter vagina (cf. Ghanekar on
    Suśruta Śā. Sthā. 5 55, 56).
15. Āvarta of the text literally means a whirlpool.

• Ad. ed. reads शुक्ला०