पातञ्जल योगसूत्र (स्वामी विवेकानन्द भाष्य एवं सूत्र व्याख्या)

Patanjali Yoga Sutras

Tamas. The Tamas material is all that is dark, all that is
ignorant and heavy; and the Rajas is activity. The Sattvas is
calmness, light. When nature is in the state before creation, it
is called by them Avyaktam, undefined, or indiscrete; that is,
in which there is no distinction of form or name, a state in
which these three materials are held in perfect balance. Then
the balance is disturbed, these different materials begin to
mingle in various fashions, and the result is this universe. In
every man, also, these three materials exist. When the Sattva
material prevails knowledge comes. When the Rajas material
prevails activity comes, and when the Tamas material prevails
darkness comes and lassitude, idleness, ignorance. According
to the Sankhya theory, the highest manifestation of this
nature, consisting of these three materials, is what they call
Mahat, or intelligence, universal intelligence, and each
human mind is a part of that cosmic intelligence. Then out of
Mahat comes the mind. In the Sankhya Psychology there is a
sharp distinction between Manas, the mind function, and the
function of the Buddhi intellect. The mind function is simply
to collect and carry impressions and present them to the
Buddhi, the individual Mahat, and the Buddhi determined
upon it. So, out of Mahat comes mind, and out of mind comes
fine material, and this fine material combines and becomes
the gross material outside—the external universe. The claim
of the Sankhya philosophy is that beginning with the intellect,
and coming down to a block of stone, all has come out of the
same thing, only as finer or grosser states of existence. The
Buddhi is the finest state of existence of the materials, and
then comes Ahamkara, egoism, and next to the mind comes
fine material, which they call Tanmatras, which cannot be
seen, but which are inferred. These Tanmatras combine and
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