पातञ्जल योगसूत्र (स्वामी विवेकानन्द भाष्य एवं सूत्र व्याख्या)

Patanjali Yoga Sutras
discovery of truth does not contradict the past truth, but fits
into it. And, fourthly, that truth must have a possibility of
verification. If a man says “I have seen a vision,” and tells me
that I have no right to see it, I believe him not. Everyone must
have the power to see it for himself. No one who sells his
knowledge is an Apta. All these conditions must be fulfilled;
you must first see that the man is pure, and that he has no
selfish motive; that he has no thirst for gain or fame.
Secondly, he must show that he is super-conscious. Thirdly,
he must have given us something that we cannot get from our
senses, and which is for benefit of the world. And we must see
that it does not contradict other truths; if it contradicts other
scientific truths reject it at once. Fourthly, the man should
never be singular; he should only represent what all men can
attain. The three sorts of proof, are, then, direct sense
perception, inference, and the words of an Apta. I cannot
translate this word into English. It is not the word inspired,
because that comes from outside, while this comes from
himself. The literal meaning is “attained.”
8. विपर्ययो मिथ्याज्ञानम् अतद्रूपप्रतिष्ठम् ॥ ८॥
viparyayo mithyajnanam atadroopapratishtham
Indiscrimination is false knowledge not established in
real nature.
The next class of Vrttis that arise is mistaking the one thing for
another, as a piece of mother-of-pearl is taken for a piece of
silver.
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