पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

XIII.13 XIII. SITUATION OF THE EARTH 251
Situation of the Gods and Asuras
9. The Sun, situated at the beginning of the sign Meṣa, moves along the horizon
in the clockwise direction, as seen by the Devas, at the North pole. As seen at
the equator, it moves upwards (along the prime vertical). For the Asuras at
the South pole it moves along the horizon, in the anti-clockwise direction.
10. The Sun at the end of the sign Gemini is seen moving (by the Devas)
round at an altitude of 24°. On that day, it is seen crossing the zenith at Ujjain.
(Note. VM considers that the maximum declination of the Sun is 24°, and the latitude of Ujjain
is 24°, which is only approximately correct.)
11. Thus, on that day, at mid-day, there is no shadow cast by the gnomon at
Ujjain. North of Ujjain the mid-day shadow is directed north, and for people
south of Ujjain the shadow is directed south.
12. Some say, “when the Sun is situated in the three signs Meṣa, Ṛṣabha and
Mithuna, it is day-time for the Devas, but when in the signs Karkaṭaka, Siṃha and
Kanyā, it is night-time. I salute them, (and wish to be rid of them since they are quite
wrong.)
Note. The authors of the Dharmaśāstras, followed by the generality of people, consider that the
uttarāyaṇa, i.e. the northward course of the Sun from the beginning of Makara to the end of
Mithuna is day-time for Devas. Its southward course from the beginning of Karkaṭa to the end of
Dhanus is considered their night-time. It is their ignorance that is referred to here.
13. Moving in the same north latitudes when in Karkaṭa, Siṃha and Kanyā,
as when in Mithuna, Ṛṣabha and Meṣa, how can the Sun be seen and not seen
by the Devas, so that it is day-time (in the first three months,) and night-time
(in the next three months).
Note. The mistake of these people lies in thinking that uttarāyaṇa is the day-time of the Devas,
and dakṣiṇāyana is night-time. It is only when the Sun is north of the equator while in the 6 signs
Meṣa to Kanyā, it can be seen by the Devas, forming their day-time, and in the 6 other signs, it can-
not be seen, and it is night-time.
9-13 Quoted by Utpala on BS 2. pp.
57-58, 9 quoted by Pṛthūdaka on BrSS 21.6;
12 quoted by Parameśvara on Abh. Gola 14.
9a. U. प्रोद्यतरवि
b. A. भ्रमत्यजागो कृवृत्तगः; B. भ्रमत्यजागो वूभूतूगतः (B3. नृतगः)
c. B. ०ष्ठाध्यङ्गायां (B3. ०श्पा०)
d. B. चामराराणाम्
10a. B. ०न्ते तेच A.B. कृवृता
b. A1. दशचतुर्थिंशतिहायोच्वैः; A2. दंश—र्भि—ति;
B. दशचतुर्विंशतिहापोच्चैः;
d. A. समोपह्ञातादवांत्यां; B. ०न्तदावल्यम्
11a-b. A. छायोदक् च भृत्युस्थाना; B. छायोदक्य भृत्युदस्थानां
c. A. तद्दक्षिणादेनां; C.D. तद्दक्षिणदे [शा] नां
B. Hapl. om.: स्थानाम् (11b) [........ स्थानाम्,
12d] नम. Scribe oblivious of the omission and
numbers the extant verses consecutively
and breaks the lines to suit the metre.
12a. A. मिथुन संस्थे U. संस्थे दिनं खौ कर्क; Pa. दिन मर्के;
Pr. कर्कटादिके
c. A.C.D. U. यैरुक्ता
c-d. Pa. मेरुस्थितदेवतानामिति यैरुक्तं नमस्तेभ्यः |
13a. A.C.D.U. मेवद्यादि; B. येषेवो दङ्-मेषाद्यादि
b. A. संनिवृत्तोऽपि (A2. तेपि व तैष्वेव); B. स्थानेषु सन्निवृवृशेपि
c. B1.2. तेष्केव B. दृश्य पुनर्नदस्यश्च