वेदों की प्राचीनता एवं काल-निर्णय / ओरायन (लोकमान्य बाल गंगाधर तिलक - खगोलीय वैदिक शोध)

MONTHS AND SEASONS. 155
(ṛitvijaḥ). A third explanation is then put forward, viz., that
the distinction of seven suns is probably based on the different
effects of sun's rays in different months or seasons, and in support
of it a Mantra, or Vedic verse, Dig-bhrâja ṛitûn karoti, (resorting
to, or shining in, different regions (they) make the seasons), is
quoted. I have not been able to find the Mantra in the existing
Saṁhitâs, nor does Sâyaṇa give us any clue to it, but simply
observes "the different features of different seasons cannot be
accounted for, except by supposing them to have been caused by
different suns; therefore, different suns must exist in different
regions".* But this explanation is open to the objection (actually
raised by Vaishampâyana), that we shall have, on this theory, to
assume the existence of thousands of suns as the characteristics
of the seasons are so numerous. The Âraṇyaka admits, to a
certain extent, the force of this objection, but says—aṣhṭau tu
vyavasitâḥ, meaning that the number eight is settled by the text
of the scripture, and there is no further arguing about
it. The Shatapatha Brâhmaṇa, III, 1, 3, 3, explains the le-
gend of Aditi somewhat on the same lines. It says that
seven alone of Aditi's sons are styled Devâḥ Âdityâḥ (the
gods Âdityas) by men, and that the eighth Mârtâṇḍa was
born undeveloped, whereupon the Âditya gods created man
and other animals out of him. In two other passages of the
Shatapatha Brâhmaṇa, VI, 1, 2, 8, and XI, 6, 3, 8, the num-
ber of Âdityas is, however, given as twelve. In the first
(VI, 1, 2, 8) they are said to have sprung from twelve
drops generated by Prajâpati and then placed in different
regions (dikshu); while in the second (XI, 6, 3, 8)† these

• See Sâyaṇa's explanation quoted on the last page.
  † Shatapatha Brâhmaṇa, VI, 1, 2, 8,—स मनसैव वाचं मिथुनं समभवत्
  स द्वादश द्रप्सान् गर्ब्भवत् । ते द्वादशादित्या असृज्यंत तान्दिक्षूपदधात् ।
  Again XI, 6, 3, 8—कतम आदित्या इति । द्वादश मासाः संवत्सरस्यैत
  आदित्याः ।