मल्लपुराण (ज्येष्ठिमल्ल - प्राचीन भारतीय मल्लविद्या, अखाड़ा व्यायाम व कुश्ती महाग्रन्थ)

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Chapter X shows 16 types of exercises. They are (1) Raṅgaśrama (2)
Stambhaśrama (3) Bhramanikāśrama (4) Śvāsapreranikābhyāsa (5) Uhāpoha-
śrama (6) Guru Goṇitaka (7) Laghu Goṇitaka (8) Pramdāśrama (9) Āmar-
dakīśrama (10) Āsthānaka (11) Kundakārśṇaka (12) Anyaḳrtkaraśrama
(13) Jalaaśrama (14) Paranarohaṇaśrama (15) Bhojanordhabhramaṇikā (16)
Sthāpitaśrama.
These are further grouped in three varieties as Uttama, Madhyama and
Adhama.
Uttama—Raṅgaśrama.
Madhyama—Stambhasramaṇikā, Bāhuśrama, Guru Goṇitaka, Laghu
Goṇitaka, Gadāśrama, Chonakaśrama.
Adhama—Aṅgakāvartana, Sramakaśrama, Jalaśrama, Sopanroguruśrama,
Bhojanordhabhramaṇikā.
The varieties of exercises are tabulated below. It shows incomplete text.
x.1.5.       xi       X.7.11.
Sixteen śramas           fifteen śramas.

1. Raṅgaśrama    Raṅgaśrama    1. Raṅgaśrama.
2. Sṭhambhaśrama           2. Sthambha
3. Bhramaṇikāśrama  Bhramanikāśrama 3. Bāhu
4. Svāsapreraṇikāśrama         4. Bāhuśrama
5. Sthāpitaśrama
6. Uhāpohaśrama    Uhāpoha     5. Guru Goṇitaka
7. Guru Gochintakaśrama Guru Goṇitaka
8. Laghu Goṇitakaśrama  Pidanaka     6. Laghu Goṇitaka
9. Pramadāśrama    Gadā       7. Gadāśrama
10. Āmardakiśrama            8. Choṇaka
11. Āsthādanakaśrama
12. Kundakarśanakāśrama Kundakāvartana  9. Aṅgakāvartanābhyāsa
13. Anyaḳrtkaraśrama           10. Śramakāśrama
14. Jalaśrama      Jalaśrama     11. Jalaśrama
15. Paranarohaṇaśrama  Sopānrohaṇa   12. Sopanaroguruśrama
16. Bhojanordhvabhrama- Bhoja nordha bhrama 13. Bhojanordhva
    ṇikā        Bāhupreraṇika    bhramaṇikā
    Choṭanaka
    Karkara
    This is the technical part of Mallapurāṇa. Unfortunately the traditions
    preserving the exact meaning of these terms have almost disappeared, but the
    Jeṭhīs are still practising many forms of these exercises. From a study of the
    forms of exercises, the equipment and the language, an effort is made here to