काव्यालङ्कार (आचार्य भामह - भारतीय काव्यशास्त्र एवं अलङ्कार-सिद्धान्त मूल महाग्रन्थ सटीक)

SECOND PARICCHHEDA 79

1. धर्मोपमा 12. संशयोपमा 23. असाधारणोपमा
2. वस्तूपमा 13. निर्णयोपमा 24. अभूतोपमा
3. विपर्यासोपमा 14. श्लेषोपमा 25. असंभावितोपमा
4. अन्योन्योपमा 15. समानोपमा 26. बहूपमा
5. नियमोपमा 16. निन्दोपमा 27. विक्रियोपमा
6. अनियमोपमा 17. प्रशंसोपमा 28. मालोपमा
7. समुच्चयोपमा 18. आचिख्यासोपमा 29. वाक्यार्थोपमा
8. अतिशयोपमा 19. विरोधोपमा 30. प्रतिवस्तूपमा
9. उत्प्रेक्षितोपमा 20. प्रतिषेधोपमा 31. तुल्ययोगोपमा
10. अद्भुतोपमा 21. चटूपमा 32. हेतूपमा
11. मोहोपमा 22. तत्त्वाख्यानोपमा
    Later rhetoricians discountenance this elaborate
    classification of Daṇḍin. In fact most of the types
    of Upamā referred to by Daṇḍin are treated by them
    as separate Alaṁkāras. Of these प्रतिवस्तूपमा No. 30 is
    referred to by our author in Verses 34, 35 and 36
    supra. Nos. 16, 17 & 18 are referred to by our
    author in Verse 37 but refused recognition as a se-
    parate class in Verse 38. No. 28 and the rest are
    also referred to in Verse 38 where the author dis-
    approves of such endless classification. The defini-
    tion of Upamā given in the verse under comment
    refers to an Upamāna which is different from the
    Upameya in respect of place, time and action and
    by the word आदि are included nature, shape etc. विरुद्ध
    simply means different, not contrary. साम्यं or like-
    ness is said to be by गुणलेश, some small common qua-
    lity. Upamā arises where similarity is expressed