कामिक आगम: पूर्व भाग (अष्टाविंशति मूल शैव आगमों का प्रथम एवं सर्वोच्च आगम महाकोश)

measure for the inner chamber of the one, two and three storeyed buildings of the veasra
type has been explained.
नागरोक्तं विराठे स्यात्कालिङ्गे द्रामिडोचितम् ।। ५४
वेसरोक्तं तु यत्सर्वं तद्योग्यं सार्वदेशिके ।
यथाक्रमं वा तद्बाह्यं सर्वं वा सार्वदेशिके ।। ५५
na'garoktam vira't'e sya;t ka'lin'ge dra'mid'ocitam // 54
vesaroktam tu yatsarvam tadyogyam sa'rvades'ike /
yatha'kramam va' tadba'hyam sarvam va' sa'rvades'ike // 55
The measures prescribed for the nagara type are applicable to varata. The measures
recommended for the dravida are applicable to the kalinga type of building. All the
measures prescribed for the vesara type of building are applicable to the sarvadesika
type of building. The location and measure of the walls for the sarvadesika could be
taken as derived systematically or taken as the part remaining outside the limit of
the inner chamber.
अष्टत्रित्रिदशत्र्यंश गर्भस्स्यात्त्रितलादिषु ।
नागरादिषु सामान्य विशेषाालङ्कृतिस्थितिः ।। ५६
श्रेयसी श्रेयसी नार्धश्रेयसी श्रेयसी मता ।
एवं गर्भगृहं प्रोक्तं भद्रस्य विधिरुच्यते ।। ५७
as"t'atritridas'atryams'a garbhassya't trita'la'dis"u /
na'gara'dis"u sa'ma'nya vis'es"a'lan'kr'tisthitih // 56
s'reyasi' s'reyasi' na'rdha s'reyasi's'reyasi mata' /
evam garbha gr'ham proktam bhadrasya vidhirucyate // 57
Generally, the commom measure for the inner chamber of the three storeyed building and
others may be taken to be 8, 9 and 13 relative units. For the nagara and other types of
buildings there are two standards – simple structure and the structure embellished

with special component parts. The embellished structure of nagara, dravida, vesara and
sarvadesika is specifically known as sreyasi, sreyasi , ardha sreyasi and sreyasi
respectively. Thus, the features of the inner chamber of the main component has been
explained. Now, the specific directions for the designing of portico are told.
सैकत्रिपञ्चपङ्क्त्यंशं पञ्चषट् सप्त विस्तराः ।
तत्तरैकांश निष्क्रान्ता मध्ये भूषा कनीयसी ।। ५८
कनिष्ठे नवपञ्चांशा सप्तत्र्यंशा च मध्यमे ।
मूले द्विपञ्चषट् सप्त चतुष्पञ्च षडंशिका ।। ५९
मध्यमे मध्यमा भूषा सर्वव्यासार्ध निष्क्रमा ।
षोडशांशे षडंशाष्टादशसप्तांश विसतराः ।। ६०
पञ्चादश षडंशस्स्यान्मध्ये भूषा कनीयसौ ।
कनिष्ठे नवपञ्चांशास्सप्त त्र्यंशाश्च मध्यमे ।। ६१
saikatripan”ca panktyams’a pan”ca s”at’ sapta vistara’h /
tatta’raika’ms’a nis”kra’nta’ madhye bhu’s”a’ kani’yasi’ // 58
kanis”t’he navapan”a’ms’a’ sapta tryams’a’ ca madhyame /
mu’le dvipan”ca’s”t’ sapta catus”pan”ca s”ad’ams’ika’ // 59
madhyame madhyama’ bhus”a’ sarva vya’sa’rdha nis”krama’ /
s”od’as’a’ms’e s”ad’a’ms’as”t’a’das’a sapta’ms’a vistara’h // 60
pan”ca’das’a s”ad’ams’assya’n madhye bhu’s”a’ kani’yasau /
kanis”t’he navapan”ca’s’a’s saptatryams’a’s’ca madhyame // 61
The portico should be designed so as to occupy 4, 5 and 10 relative units when the whole
width is divided into 5, 6 and 7 parts. The projection should be in one relative unit and
the portico should be in the middle. This is for the lowest type of the building. The
portico taking 9 and 5 realtive units is for the lower type of building. The portico taking
7 and 3 relative units is for the medium type of building. Or, in the medium type of
building the portico may be in the middle occupying 10, 6, 7 or 26 units of the basic
width of the main building. The projection may be designed so as to occupy half
measure of the whole width. In another way, the portico may be designed so as to
occupy 6 units out of 10 units, 7 units out of 18 units or 6 units out of 15 units of the

whole witdth. Such portico should be in the middle. This order is for the lowest type.
The portico covering 5 units out of 9 units is for the lower type. The portico covering
3 units out of 7 units is for the medium type.
त्र्यंशकैकांशके षट्सु नागरादिष्वनुक्रमात् ।
निष्क्रान्तिरासां पूर्वोक्तरीत्यैवं परिकल्पयेत् ।। ६२
शान्तिकाद्याः कामदान्ताः पञ्चाशद् द्रामिडोचिताः ।
व्यासद्विगुण उत्सेधाः कामदाद्यास्तु नागरे ।। ६३
एकद्वित्रिचतुः पञ्चभागैस्तु द्विगुणाधिकाः ।
अष्टांशेषु विशालेषु उत्सेधाः शान्तिकादिकाः ।। ६४
वराटे चापि कालिङ्गे वेसरे नागरोक्तवत् ।
नागरे समहस्तास्स्युः द्रामिडादिषु पूर्ववत् ।। ६५
tryams'akaika'ms'ake s"at'su na'gara'dis"vanukrama't /
nis"kra'ntira'sa'm pu'rvokta rityaivam parikalpayet // 62
s'a'ntika'dya'h ka'mada'nta'h pan"ca's'ad dra'mid'ocita'h /
vya'sa'ddvigun.a utsedha'h ka'mada'dya'stu na'gare // 63
ekadvitricatuh pan"ca bha'gaistu dvigun.a'dhika'h /
as"t'a'ms'es"u vis'a'les"u utsedha'h s'a'ntika'dika'h // 64
vara't'e ca'pi ka'lin'ge vesare na'garoktavat /
na'gare samahasta'ssyuh dra'mid"a'dis"u pu'rvavat // 65
For the six types of construction from the nagara to sarvadesika, the projection should
be designed so as to occupy 3 unis or 1 unit of the width in the manner as explained
before. There are 50 varieties of measure for the buildings from the santika to the
kamada belonging to the dravida type. The height of the kamada and other buildings of
the nagara type should be twice the width. The height may exceed this dimension by
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 parts of the whole width. For the santika and other types of building,
the height should exceed 8 units of the total width. All those prescribed for the height of
nagara are applicable to the varata, kalinga and vesara. For the nagara, the total number of
hasta measure should be in even number. And for the dravida and other types of building,
the total number of hasta measure is as said before.

स्वयंभुवादि लिङ्गानां पूजांशं परिणाहके।
पञ्चादशांशके पञ्चभागोत्सेधं तु शान्तिकम्।। ६६
sva'yambhuva'di linga'nga'na'm pu'ja'ms'a parin.a'hake /
pan''ca'das'a'ms'ake pan''ca bha'gotsedham tu s'a'ntikam // 66
Directions for Ascertaining the Height of Various Kinds of Sivalingas:
For Svayambhu Linga(Self-manifested Linga) and other kinds of lingas, the height of
the upper portion known as rudrabhaga or the portion highly fit for the ceremonial worship
(puja bhaga)should be 5 parts out of the 15 parts of the circumference of the rudrabhaga.
This height belongs to santika type of linga.
नागरं समलिङ्गं तन्नाहे सप्तदशांशके।
नागरं पौष्टिकं नाम सप्तांशोच्चं शिवाधिकम्।। ६७
na'garam samalin'gam tanna'he sapta das'a'ms'ke /
na'garam paus''t'ikam na'ma saptams'occam s'iva'dhika // 67
For the ‘samalinga’ of Nagara type, the height should be equal to the circumference.
For the ‘paushtika’ linga of Nagara type, the height should be 17 parts of the
circumference. For the ‘sivadhika linga’ of Nagara type, the height should be seven
parts of the total parts of the circumference.
एकोनविंशदंशात्तु नवांशं वर्धमानकम्।
जयदं नागरं तस्माद्दशांशाधिक तुङ्गकम्।। ६८
ekonavims'adams'a'ttu nava'ms'am vardhama'nakam /
jayadam na'garam tasma'd das'a'ms'a'dhika tun'gakam // 68
For the ‘vardhamana linga’, the height should be 9 parts out of 19 parts of the
circumference. For the ‘jayada linga’ of the Nagara type, the height should exceed
the measure of the circumference by 10 parts.

अद्भुतं चाभिवारं च तदर्धंसार्वदेशिकम्।
एवं नागर लिङ्गे तु सौधमोजः पदेन तु।। ६९
adbhutam ca'bhiva'ram ca tadardham sa'rvades'ikam/
evam na'garalin'ge tu saudhamojah padena tu// 69
For the ‘adbhuta liga’, abhiva’ra linga’ and ‘sarvadesika liga’ , the height should be
half the measure of the circumference. In this way, the height of the Nagara type of
linga should be determined in terms of the circumference of its rudrabhaga.
परिणाहे विकारांशे भूतकौशिकधातुभिः।
उदयं द्रामिडं प्रोक्तं शान्तिपुष्टि जयावहम्।। ७०
तत्तदर्धाशकाधिक्यं हीनद्व्यन्तर मानकम्।
अद्भुतं चाभिवारं च सार्वकामिकमुच्यते।। ७१
parin.ahe vika'ra'ms'e bhu'ta kais'ka dha'tubhih/
udayam dra'mid'am proktam s'a'nti pus"t' jaya'vaham// 70
tatadardha'ms'aka'dhikyam hi'nadvyantara ma'nakam/
adbhutam ca'bhica'ram ca sa'rvaka'mikam ucyate// 71
For the santika linga, pushtika linga and jayada linga belonging to the dravida type,
the height should be 5, 6 and 7 parts out of the 8 parts of the circumference of the
rudrabhaga respectively. The height of adbhuta linga and abhivara linga of dravida
type, the height should exceed the circumference by half unit. The height of sarvadesika
linga of the dravida type should be between 8 parts and 8 and half parts.
नाहे तु भास्करे भागे त्रिचतुःपञ्चभागिकम्।
पौष्टिकं तुङ्गजयदं जयदं वेसरं मतम्।। ७२
पूर्वोक्त विधिना ज्ञेया अद्भुदाद्यास्त्रयस्त्रयः।
na'he tu bha'skare bha'ge tricatuhpan"ca bha'gikam/
paus"t'ikam tungajayadam jayadam vesaram matam// 72
pu'rvokta vidhina' jn"eya' adbhuta'dya'strayah trayah/

For the paushtika linga, tungajayada linga(santika), jayada linga belonging to the vesara
type, the height should be 3, 4 and 5 parts out of the total 12 parts of the circumference
of the rudra bhaga respectively. The height of adbhuta, abhivara and sarvakamika
lingas of the vesara type should be determined according to the direction explained before.
द्रामिडे वेसरे लिङ्गे समभागप्रमाणतः ।। ७३
प्रासादं योजयेद्विद्वान् यथाशास्त्रं द्विजोत्तमाः ।
मानवे लब्ध दैर्घ्यं यत् तद्विरष्टांशके कृते ।। ७४
भूतवेदगुणव्यासं नागरं शान्तिकादिकम् ।
अर्धार्धाधिकहीनं तु द्वयन्तरं तु विशालकम् ।। ७५
अद्भुतं चाभिवारं च नागरं सार्वकामिकम् ।
dra'mid'e vesare lin'ge samabha'ga prama'n.atah // 73
pra'sa'dam yojayed vidva'n yatha's'a'stram dvijottamah /
ma'nave labdha dairghyam yat tadviras"t'a'ms'ake kr'te // 74
bhutavedagun.avya'sam na'garam s'a'ntika'dikam /
ardha'rdha'dhika hi'nam tu dvyantaram tu vis'a'lakam // 75
adbhutam ca'bhica'ram ca na'garam sa'rvaka'mikam /
O, the foremost among the twice-born sages!, the learned sthapati could apply the measure
equal to the length and breadth of the main shrine to determine the height of dravida linga
and vesara linga so as to be in equal parts. Or, the length obtained in terms of manangula
could be divided into 16 equal parts. For the santika and other lingas belonging to nagara
type, the width should be 5, 4 and 3 parts out of this 16 parts respectively. For the adbhuta
and abhivara lingas, the width should be one fourth added to 5 parts and one fourth
less than 5 parts respectively. The width of sarvakamika linga should be between these
measures.
अष्टादशांशके तुङ्गे कौशिकेन्द्रिय वेदिकम् ।। ७६
द्रामिडं शान्तिकादि स्यादद्भुताद्यथ पूर्ववत् ।
वेसरे विंशदंशे तु वसुभानु रसांशकम् ।। ७७
शान्तिकादि क्रमेणैव अद्भुतद्यथ पूर्ववत् ।

as''t'a'das'a'ms'ake tun'ge kaus'ikendriya vedikam // 76
dra'mid'am s'a'ntika'di sya'd adbhta'dyatha pu'rvavat /
vesare vims'adams'e tu vasubha'nu rasa'ms'akam // 77
s'a'ntika'di kramen.aivam adbhutadyatha pu'rvavat /
The width of santika linga and others belonging to the dravida type should be
6, 5 and 4 parts out of 18 parts of the height. The width of adbhuta, abhivara and
sarvakamika of dravida type should be ascertained as explined before. The width
of santika and other lingas of dravida type should be 8, 12 and 6 parts out of 20
parts of the height. The width of adbhuta and others should be determined as
explained before.
लिङ्गायाम समो व्यासः पूजांशोच्छ्रद्वयेन वा ।। ७८
तदन्तरेऽष्ट भागे तु नवैते पीठविस्तराः ।
व्यासाधर्मुच्छ्रयं कुर्याद् द्वात्रिंशद् द्व्यंशमेव वा ।। ७९
तदन्तरेऽष्टभागे तु नवैते पीठकोच्छ्रयाः ।
lin'ga'ya'ma samo vya'sah pu'ja'ms'occa dvayena tu // 78
tadantare as''t'abha'ge tu navaite pi't'ha vistara'h /
vya'sa'rdham ucchrayam kurya'd dva'trims'ad dvyams'am eva va' //
tadantare navabha'ge tu navaite pi't'hakocchraya'h /
The width of the pedestal may be equal to the length of the linga or twice the height of
the rudrabhaga(upper cylindrical portion). One to eight parts of this measure may be taken
as the measure of the width(eight kinds of measure). On the whole, the width of the
pedestal assumes nine varieties. The height of the pedestal should be half the width. Or,
34 parts of the width may be taken as the height. One to eight parts of this measure may
be taken to be the height. On the whole, the height of the pedestal assumes 9 varieties.
लिङ्गायामे नवांशैस्तु सप्तभागैस्तु कन्यसः ।।
उत्तमो नवभिर्भागैर्द्रामिडे पीठविस्तरः ।। ८०
तदन्तरेऽष्ट भागे तु नवधा पीठविस्तराः ।
तस्य चोच्चेऽष्ट भागे तु त्यक्त्वैकं द्वित्रिभागिकम ।। ८१

शेषं पूर्वोच्छ्रयं पूजाभागमर्वाक् स्थलोपरि।
द्रामिडे विहितं ह्येवं वेसरं तु निगद्यते।। ८२
lin'ga'ya'me nava'ms'aistu saptabha'gaistu kanyasah //
uttamo navabhir bha'gair dra'mid'e pi't'ha vistarah // 80
tadantare as"t'abha'ge tu navadha' pi't'ha vistara'h /
tasya cocce as"t'a bha'ge tu tyaktvaikam dvitribha'gikam // 81
s'es"am pu'rvocchrayam pu'ja' bha'gam arva'k sthalopari /
dra'mid'e vihitam hyevam vesaram tu nigadyate // 82
For the dravida linga, the width of the pedestal should be 7 parts out of 9 parts of
the length of th liga. This is for the smaller type. For the superior type, the width should
be of 9 parts. One to eight parts of this measure may be taken to be the width. Thus,
there will be nine varieties of width measure. Out of the 8 parts of its height, the
sthapati should leave out 1, 2 or 3 parts. Out of the remaining portion, the upper
part is considered to be rudra bhaga(pujamsa). The lower part is to be installed in
the ground. Thus, directions for holding the measure of dravida linga have been told.
Now, directions for the vesra linga are told.
वेसरे परिणाहे तु विकारांशे तु विस्तरः।
पीठस्य सप्तनन्दांशैरधमोत्तममिष्यते।। ८३
तदन्तरेऽष्ट भागे तु पूर्ववत्परिकल्पयेत्।
विष्णुभाग समुत्सेधश्शेषं भूगतमिष्यते।। ८४
विष्णुभागे तुरीयांशेनाधिका वाथ पीठिका।
विष्कम्भत्रिगुणो व्यासो ऽधस्ताद् ब्रह्मशिलां न्यसेत्।। ८५
vesare parin.a'he tu vika'ra'ms'e tu vistarah /
pi't'hasya sapta nanda'ms'airadhamottamam is"yate // 83
tadantare as"t'abha'ge tu pu'rvavat parikalpayet /
vis"n'ubha'ga samutsedhas's'es"am bhu'gatam is"yate // 84
vis"n.ubha'ge turi'yams'ena'dhika'va'tha pi't'hika' /
vis"kambha trigun.o vya'so adhasta'd brahmas'ila'm nyaset // 85

In the vesara linga, 8 parts of the circumference should the width of the pedestal. For the
smaller type, it should be of 7 parts and for the superior type , the width should be of
9 parts. One to eight parts of this ascertained measure may be taken to be the width as
said before. In this type, the vishnu bhaga should be equal to the height of the rudra bhaga.
The remaining lower part should be under the ground. The height of the pedestal may
be greater than the vishnu bhaga by one fourth part. The width of the pedestal may be
three times the measure of the diameter(of rudrabhaga). The brahma bhaga of the linga-
shaft should be pressed into the ground.
व्यासत्रिभाग उत्सेधश्चतुरंशैक एव वा।
यस्य लिङ्गस्य विष्कम्भश्चाष्ट भागैकमेव वा।। ८६
नवभागैकभागं वा गाम्भीर्यमवटस्य तु।
एषा नागरलिङ्गे तु ब्रह्माख्या कथिता शिला।। ८७
vya'satribha'ga utsedhas' caturams'aika eva va'।
yasya lin'gasya vis"kambhas'ca's"t' bha'gaikam eva va'।। 86
navabha'gaika bha'gam va' ga'mbhi'ryam avat'asya tu।
es"a' na'gara lin'ge tu brahma'khya' kathita' s'ila'।। 87
The height of brahma sila should be one third of the width or one part out of four parts.
Or, it may be one part out of 8 parts of the daimeter of that linga. Or, one part out of
9 parts of the circumference. Same measure for the depth of the ground into which
the brahma sila is to be inserted. Thus, the directions for the brahma sila of the nagara
type has been told.
गर्भकर्ण तुरीयांशा व्यासात्तत्र्यंशकोदया।
लिङ्गव्यासाष्टभागैकरवाता द्रामिडभू शिला।। ८८
garbhakarn.a turi'ya'ms'a' vya'sa't tattryams'akodaya'।
lin'gavya'sa's"t'bha'gaikarava'ta' dra'mid'abhu' s'ila'।। 88
One part out of the four parts of the corner grid of the main shrine and one
part out of three parts of the corner grid should be the width and height of the brahma
sila respectively for the the dravida linga. The depth of the ground into which the
brahma sila is to be inserted should be one part out of 8 parts of the width of the linga.

गर्भादर्धचतुर्भाग हीनविस्तार संयुता ।
तत्पादांशकयोपेता शिला वा वेसरे स्थिता ।। ८९
garbhadardha caturbha'ga hi'navista'ra samyuta' /
tatpa'da'ms'akayopeta' s'ila' va' vesare sthita' // 89
The width of brahma sila for the vesara linga should be less than half or one fourth of
one unit of the width of the main shrine. Or , it may be taken to be this measure added to
one fourth of the relative unit.
लिङ्गपीठशिलायाम सजातीयी सुसंपदे ।
विपरीते विपत्यै स्यात्कर्तुः कारयितुस्तथा ।। ९०
lin'gapi't'ha s'ila'ya'ma saja'ti'ya' sasampade /
vipari'te vipatyai sya't kartuh ka'rayitus tatha' // 90
The length of the linga-pedestal should be considerd in terms of one and the same
kind of measure( like, managula, matrangula and so forth). This is for the attainment
of auspicious benefits and wealth. If different kinds of system of measure is
employed, it would be dangerous to the sthapati and the Master(sponsor).
अयं विभागे लिङ्गे तु नेष्यते सार्वदेशिके ।
प्रासादेऽपि तथा लिङ्गे नियमो नेष्यते द्विजाः ।। ९१
एवं पीठशिलायां च नियमो नेष्यतेऽत्र तु ।
मुख्यत्वात्सर्वलिङ्गेभ्यस्सर्वत्रापि च संमतम् ।। ९२
ayam vibha'ge lin'ge tu nes"yate sa'rvades'ike /
pra'sa'de api tatha' lin'ge niyamo nes"yate dvija'h // 91
evam pi't'ha s'ila'ya'm ca niyamo nes"yate atra tu /
mukhyatva'tsarvalin'gebhyas sarvatra'pi sammatam // 92
This kind of specific directions are not considered for the sarvadesika linga. O, the
foremost among the twice-born sages!, this kind of restrictions are not considered

even for the temple meant for the sarvadesika linga. Specific rules with regard to the
pedestal and the brahma sila are not given importance as far as the sarvadesika linga
is concerned. In view of the utmost importance of the sarvadesika linga, even the
common features and applications are desirable for the sarvadesika linga.
तथा प्रासाद एव स्यात्पीठस्यापि तथैव च ।
शान्तिकं पौष्टिजयदम्अद्भुतं सार्वकामिकम् ।। ९३
शान्तिकश्चोच्छ्रयेऽष्टांशो भागोच्छ्राय विनिर्मितम्।
द्विभागश्चरणोत्सेधः प्रस्तरोऽष्टांश हीनकः।। ९४
त्रिभागं गलमित्युक्तं अर्धांशं शिखरोदयम्।
स्थूपिकाष्टांशहीना स्याद् द्रामिडं चैकभूमिकम् ।। ९५
tatha' pra'sa'da evasya't pi't'hasya'pi tathaiva ca /
s'a'ntikam paus"t'i jayadam adbhutam sa'rvaka'mikam // 93
s'a'ntikas'cocchraya as"t'a'ms'o bha'gocchra'ya vinirmitam /
dvibha'gas'caran.otsedhah prastaro as"t'a'ms'a hi'nakah // 94
tribha'gam galam ityuktam ardha'ms'am s'ikharodayam /
sthu'pika's"t'a'ms'a hi'na' sya'd dra'mid'am caikabhu'mikam // 95
Even for the temple and pedestal of the sarvadesika linga, all common rules are
applicable. Now, dimensions of various component parts of pillar are told for the
santika, paushtika, jayada, adbhuta and sarvakamika types of construction. For the
santika type, the height of pillar should be 2 parts of the total height. The entablature
should with a height less than this measure by 8 relative units. The neck part should be
with the height of 3 parts. The height of the finial should be with half relative unit. The
dome should be with a height less than the height of sikhra by 8 relative units. These
are the directions for the single storeyed building of the dravida type.
नवांशेऽष्टांशयुग्भागं मसूरं द्विगुणं भवेत्।
तारोच्चप्रस्तरो भागो गलं भाग विनिर्मितम् ।। ९६
त्रिभाग शिखरोत्सेधं शेषेण स्थूपिका भवेत्।
द्रामिडं पौष्टिकं प्रोक्तं दशांशे तु सपाडकम् ।। ९७
मसूरद्विगुणः पादो भागः प्रस्तर उच्यते।

पादमानं गलं प्रोक्तं सर्वात्म्यांशं शिरो भवेत् ।। ९८
भागेन स्थूपिकाजय्यं द्रामिडं परिकीर्तितम् ।
nava'ms'e as"t'a'ms'ayugbha'gam masu'ram dvigun.am bhavet /
ta'rocca prastaro bha'go galam bha'ga vinirmitam // 96
tribha'ga s'ikharotsedham s'es"en.a sthu'pika' bhavet /
dra'mid'am paus"t'ikam proktam das'a'ms'e tu sapa'dakam // 97
masu'radvigun.ah pa'do bha'gah prastara ucyate /
pa'dama'nam galam proktam sarva'tmyams'am s'iro bhavet // 98
bha'gena sthu'pika' jayyam dra'mid'am pariki'rtitam /
Taking 8 units out of 9 units as the basic, the base of the building should be held to be
twice this measure. The neck portion should be designed with height equal to the highly
elevated entablature. The height of the finial should be 3 parts. The remaining measure
should be taken as the height of the dome. The paushtika type of building belonging to
the dravida should be constructed with these measures. Taking ten and one fourth as the
basic unit, the basement should be designed with the height equal to twice this measure.
The height of the entablature should be one fourth of this measure. The neck should be
with the height of one fourth part. The finial should be with height equal to one part.
And the dome should also be with height of one part. These directions are for the
jayada type of building belonging to the dravida.
द्वादशांशे सपादांशं मसूरश्च त्रिभागभाक् ।। ९९
द्विपादः पाद इत्युक्तस्सपाद प्रस्तरोदयः ।
एकांशं गलमित्युक्तं चतुरर्धं शिरो भवेत् ।। १००
सपादभागं स्थूप्युच्चं अद्भुतं द्रामिडं भवेत् ।
dva'das'a'ms'e sapa'da'ms'am masu'ras'ca tribha'ga bha'k // 99
dvipa'dah pa'da ityuktas sapa'da prastarodayah /
eka'ms'am galam ityuktam caturardham s'iro bhavet // 100
sapa'da bha'gam sthu'yuccam adbhutam dra'mid'am bhavet /

Taking 12 and one fourth as the basic unit, the basement should be given the height
equal to 3 parts of this measure. The height of pillars should be half part. The height of
entablature should be one and one fourth part. For the neck, one unit. The finial should
be with height of 2 parts. The height of the dome should be of one and one fourth part.
These are the directions for the adbhuta type of building belonging to the dravida.
त्रयादशांशे सार्धांशं मसूरं वा त्रिभागतः ।।
सपादः प्रस्तरः प्रोक्तस्त्वेकेन गलमिष्यते ।। १०१
पञ्चांशं शिखरं ज्ञेयं सपादः स्थूपिका भवेत् ।
सार्वकामिकसंज्ञं तु द्रामिडं परिकीर्तितम् ।। १०२
traya'das'a'ms'o sa'rdha'ms'am masu'ram va' tribha'gatah //
sapadah prastarah proktas tvekena galam is"yate // 101
pan"a'ms'am s'ikharam jn"eyam sapadah sthu'pika' bhavet /
sa'rvaka'mika samjn"am tu dra'mid'am pariki'rtitam // 102
Taking 13 and one half as the basic unit, the basement should be given the height of
3 parts. The height of the entablature should be of one and one fourth. The neck
should be with the height of one part. The height of the finial should be of 5 units. The
height of the dome should be of one and one fourth unit. These are the proper measures
for the sarvakamika type of building belonging to the dravida.
सभद्रं वा विभद्रं वा कर्णकूटयुतं तु वा ।
निष्कर्णकूटं वा कार्यं सनीडं वा सतोरणम् ।। १०३
एवं लक्षण संयुक्तं विधेयं चैकभूमिकम् ।
गर्भान्तर्गलवेशस्तु यदिस्थान्मरणं भवेत् ।। १०४
sabhadram va' vibhadram va' karn.ku't'yutam tu va' /
nis"karn.aku't'am va' ka'ryam sani'd'am va satoran.am // 103
evam laks"an.a samyuktam vidheyam caika bhu'mikam /
garbha'ntargalaves'astu yadisya'n maran.am bhavet // 104

The edifice may be with or witout the portico; with or without the corner towers. It may
be designed so as to be associated with nest-like part and arches. Thus, the features
associated with the single storeyed building belonging to the dravida are to be known.
It should be specifically known that the penetration of neck part into the boundary
of the inner chamber would cause untimely death to the owner.
नागरे सार्वदेश्ये च कालिङ्गे द्रामिडेऽपि वा ।
वराटे न प्रवेशं तु वेसरे परिकल्पयेत् ।। १०५
na'gare sa'rvades'ye ca ka'lin'ge dra'mid'e api va'/
vara't'e na praves'am tu vesare parikalpayet// 105
In the nagara, sarvadesika, kalinga, dramida and varata types, the recess of moulding
or of anyother element should be avoided. But, in the vesara type such recess may
be provided.
विष्णुर्ब्रह्मा हरश्चेति विप्रराजन्य वैश्यकाः ।
नागरे द्रामिडे धाम्नि वेसरे त्वधिपा मताः ।। १०६
vis"nurbrahma' haras'ceti virara'janya vais'yaka'h/
na'gare dra'mid'e dha'mni vesare tvadhipa' mata'h// 106
Vishnu, Brahma, Hara, Brahmins, Kings( kshatriyas) and Vaisyas are considered to be
the competent indwelling authorities for the nagara, dravida and vesara buildings.
उपाननात्स्थूपि पर्यन्तं युगाश्रं नागरं भवेत् ।
कण्ठात्प्रभृति वृत्तं यद्वेसरं परिकीर्तितम् ।। १०७
कण्ठात्प्रभृति वस्वश्रं द्रामिडं परिकीर्तितम् ।
सार्वदेशिक धाम्न्येतन्नागराद्यं प्रकीर्तितम् ।। १०८

upa'nana't sthu'pi paryantam yuga's'ram na'garam bhavet |
kan.t'ha't prabhr'ti vr'ttam yad vesaram pariki'rtitam || 107
kan.t'ha't prabhr'ti vasvas'ram dra'mid'am pariki'rtitam |
sa'rvades'ika dha'mnyetan na'gara'dyam praki'rtitam || 108
The building which is in square shape from the basement(upana) to dome is known as
nagara. The building which is in circular shape from the neck portion is said to be
veasra. The building which is in octagonal shape from the neck portion is said to be
dravida. In the sarvadesika type of building, the features of nagara and other types of
building could be provided.
चतुरश्रायाताश्रं तन्नागरं परिकीर्तितम्।
अष्टाश्रं च षडश्रं च तत्तदायाममेव च ।। १०९
सौधं द्रामिडं इत्युक्तं वेसरं तु प्रकथ्यते।
वृत्तं वृत्तायतं चाश्रं वृत्तं चान्यत्प्रकीर्तितम्।। ११०
द्रामिडाख्य विमानेऽपि नागरादि प्रभेदितम्।
caturas'ra'ya's'ram tan na'garam pariki'rtitam /
as't'a's'ram ca s'ad'as'ram ca tattada'ya'mam eva ca // 109
saudham dra'mid'am ityuktam vesaram tu prakathyate /
vr'ttam vr'tta'yatam ca's'ram vr'ttam ca'nyat praki'rtitam // 110
dra'mid'a'khya vima'nepi na'gara'di prabheditam /
Square and rectangular forms are considered to be of nagara style. The building
constructed in the form of octagonal, hexagonal and elongated versions of these
forms are considered to be of dravida style. Circular form, elongated circular form and
angled circular form and other related forms are considered to be of vesara style. Even
in the vimana(super structure) of dravida style, the variations related to nagara and
other styles could be provided.
लिङ्गाद्यं कथितं पूर्वं वपुस्तत्रापि कथ्यते ।। १११
नागरं लक्षणं पूजाभागे षाडश भाजिते।
ऊर्ध्वे षड्भूतवेदांशं त्यक्त्वाधो लक्ष्म कारयेत्।। ११२

विष्णुवंशाभिमुखे सूत्रे पार्श्वयार्द्वेऽवलम्बयेत् ।
पृष्ठे तयोर्युतिहीने वेदाग्निनयनान्यथ ।। ११३
विहाय मध्यमे भूतवेदाग्नि नयनानि च ।
ज्येष्ठे षट्पञ्चवेदाग्नि पादभागानधस्त्यजेत् ।। ११४
त्रिभां त्वेकभागं तु द्व्यंशं सूत्रान्तरं मतम् ।
तदर्धं पादसूत्राग्रं तारं प्रोक्तं मुनीश्वराः ।। ११५
यवमानं भवेत्सूत्रगाम्भीर्यं विस्तरेण च ।
हीने हीने भवेद्यष्ट्यवैः श्रेष्ठोत्तमे द्विजाः ।। ११६
एवं नागरलिङ्गेषु लक्षणं द्विजसत्तमाः ।
lin'ga'dyam kathitam pu'rvam vapus tatra'pi kathyate // 111
na'garam laks"an.am pu'ja'bha'ge s"od'as'a bha'jite /
u'rdhve s"ad'bhu'ta veda'ms'am tyaktva'dho laks"ma ka'rayet // 112
vis"n.vams'a'bhimukhe su'tre pa'rs'vayor dve avalmbayet /
pr's"t'he tayoryu'tihi'ne veda'gni nayana'nyatha // 113
viha'ya madhyame bhu'taveda'gni nayana'ni ca /
jyes"t'he s"at'pan"ca veda'gni pa'dabha'ga'nyadhastyajet // 114
tribha'gam tvekabha'gam tu dvyams'am sutrantaram matam /
tadardham pa'dasu'tra'gram ta'ram proktam muni's'vara'h // 115
yavama'nam bhavet su'tra ga'mbhi'ryam vistaren.a ca /
hi'ne hi'ne bhavedyas"t'ayavaih s'res"t'ottame dvija'h // 116
evam na'garalin'ges"u laks"an.am dvija sattama'h /
Varieties of linga forms have been told earlier. Now I will tell you the characteristic
lines which are very specific to the form of linga. The rudra bhaga of nagara linga
should be diveided into 16 equal parts. The sthapati should leave out 6, 5 and 4 parts in the
top portion and draw the characteristic line(frenum) in the lower part. The central line
should proceed downwards so as to touch the vishnu bhaga. By the two sides of this
brahma sutra, he should draw two sloping lines so as to reach the back side. These
two lines should be joined. The sthapati should leave out 4, 3 and 2 parts in the lower part
of the rudra bhaga. The joining of the lines at the back should be at these left out portion.
This for the smaller type of nagara linga. In the medium type of nagara linga, 5, 4, 3 and
2 parts should be left out in the lower portion. In the superior type of nagara linga, 6, 5,

4, 3 and 2 parts should be left out in the lower portion. O, the great Sages!, the interspace
between the two sloping lines should be in 3 parts, 1 part or 2 parts of the brhma sutra.
The top point of the line should be half of these measures. The carving of the lines should
be with a depth of 1 barley(yava)grain. Thickness of the lines also should be with the
same measure of 1 yava. The depth and thickness may be 8 yavas for the superior type
of linga. This measure should be gradually reduced for the medium and smaller lingas.
O, the foremost among the twice-borns!, the directions for drawing the characteristic lines
for the nagara linga have been told in this way.
द्रामिडे शिवभागे तु त्रिपञ्चांशे कृते क्रमात् ।। ११७
नवभागैर्दशांशेन ह्येकादश विभागकैः ।। ११८
हीनमध्योत्तमाख्यं तु लक्षणोद्धारकं भवेत् ।
सप्ताष्टनवभागेभ्यस्सूत्रे संलंबयेत्क्रमात् ।। ११९
त्रिचतुर्द्व्यंशके हीने यूतिस्स्यात्पक्षसूत्रयोः ।
मध्यमे भूतवेदाग्नि यूकैश्रापि युतिर्भवेत् ।। १२०
षड्भूतवेदवह्न्यंशैश्श्रेष्ठे पृष्ठे तयोर्युतिः ।
स्वभागात्सूत्र विस्तारः पक्षसूत्रं पुरोक्तवत् ।। १२१
dra'mid'e s'ivabha'ge tu tripan"ca'ms'e kr'te krama't // 117
navabha'gair das'a'ms'ena hyeka'das'a vibha'gakaih // 118
hi'namadhyottama'khyam tu laks"an.oddha'rakam bhavet /
sapta's"t'anavabha'gebhyas su'tre samlambayet krama't // 119
tricaturdvyams'ake hi'ne yu'tissya'tpaks"asu'trayoh /
madhyame bhu'taveda'gni yu'kais'ca'pi yutir bhavet // 120
s"ad'bhu'ta veda vahnyams'ais' s'res"t'e pr's"t'he tayor yutih /
svabha'ga't su'travista'rah paks"a su'tram puroktavat // 121
In the dravida linga, the rudra bhaga should be divided into 15 parts and the central
line should start form the ninth part. If the rudra bhaga is divided into 11 parts, the
central line should start from the tenth part. The caharacteristic lines are to be carved
according to the smaller, medium and superior types. The side lines which are sloping
downwards should start form the seventh, eighth and ninth parts. The joining of the
side lines at the back should be at a point located at 3, 4 and 2 parts in the lower portion.

This is for the smaller type of linga, In the medium linga, the joining should be at 5, 4,
3 and 2 parts in the lower portion of the back side. In the superior lings, the joining
should be at 6, 5, 4 and 3 parts in the lower portion of the back side. The thickness of the
central line should be according to the height of the line. The thickness of the side lines
should be determined as explained earlier.
षोडशांशे शिवायामे सूत्रायामो दशांशकः।
चतुर्भागं तदूर्ध्वेऽथ पृष्ठे द्व्यंशं विहाय च।। १२२
मुकुलाकारमारभ्य संयुतः पार्श्वसूत्रयोः।
अथवा त्रयांशं तु त्यक्त्वोर्ध्वे रुद्रभागतः।। १२३
नालायामस्समुद्दिष्टश्शेषं पूर्ववदेव हि।
एवं द्रमिडलिङ्गस्य ब्रह्मसूत्रं प्रकल्पितम्।। १२४
s"od'as'a'ms'e s'iva'ya'me su'tra'yamo das'a'ms'akah।
caturbha'gam tadu'rdhve atha pr's"t'he dvyams'am viha'ya ca।।122
mukula'ka'ram a'rabhya samyutah pa'rs'va su'trayoh।
athava'tha traya'ms'am tu tyaktvordhve rudra bha'gatah।। 123
na'la'ya'mas samuddis"t'as' s'es"am pu'rvavadeva hi।
evam dra'mid'a lin'gasya brhma su'tram prakalpitam।। 124
If the rudra bhaga is divided into 16 parts, the length of the central line should be 10
parts. 4 parts are to be left our in the top portion and 2 parts are to be left out in
the lower portion of the back side(to join the sloping lines). At the top of the central
line a design in the form of bud should be carved. Starting from the bud, the central line
should be associated with two side lines. Or, the length of the central line could be
taken from the third part of the rudra bhaga(divided into 16 parts). Other lines are
to be carved with suitable depth and thickness as said before. In this way, the brhma
surta and the parsva sutras(side lines) should be carved in the dravida linga.
वेसरस्यार्चनांशोच्चे त्रिपञ्चांशे दशांशतः।
नालायामस्समुद्दिष्टस्त्वष्टभागात्प्रभृत्यधः।। १२५
भूतवेद गुणांशेषु सङ्गमः पक्षसूत्रयोः।
द्वादशांशार्चनाभागे षोडशद्व्यंशमूर्ध्वतः।। १२६

नालायामो नवांशस्स्यात्सङ्गमः पूर्ववद्भवेत्।
व्यासे द्विरष्टभागे तु भागस्स्यात्सूत्रविस्तरः॥ १२७
तदर्धं पक्षसूत्रं स्यादन्तरं शेषपूर्ववत्।
एवं वेसरलिङ्गस्य ब्रह्मसूत्रमुदाहृतम्॥ १२८
vesarasyarcana's'occe tripan"ca'ms'e das'a'ms'atah।
na'la'ya'ma samuddis"t'as vas"t'abha'ga't prabhr'tyadhah॥ 125
bhu'ta veda gun.a'ms'es"u sangamah paks"a su'trayoh।
dva'das'ams'arcana' bha'ge s"od'as'advyams'amurdhvatah॥ 126
na'la'ya'mo nava'ms'assya't san'gamah pu'rvavad bhavet।
vya'se dviras"t'a bha'ge tu bha'gassya't su'tra vistarah॥ 127
tadu'rdhvam paks"asu'tram syad antaram s'es"a pu'rvavat।
evam vesaralin'gasya brahmasu'tram uda'hr'tam॥ 128
The rudra bhaga of the vesara linga should be divided into 15 parts. Five parts should
be left out in the top portion and 10 parts should be the lenth of the brahma sutra. For
the medium type, the central line should start from the eighth part. The joining of the
side lines which slope towards the back should be at 5, 4 and 3 parts of the lower portion.
If the rudra bhaga is divided into 12 parts, one and one third parts should be left out in
the top portion. The length of the central brama sutra should be 9 parts. The side lines
should be joined at the back as explained before. The thickness of the brahma sutra
should be one part out of the 16 parts of the rudra bhaga. The thickness of the side lines
should be half the thickness of the brahma sutra. The space between the side lines,
joining of the side lines and other carvings are as said earlier. In this way, directions
for carving the brahma sutra and others for the vesra linga have been told.
सार्वदेशिकलिङ्गे तु विभागोयं न कीर्तितः।
तथा पीठे तु पीठस्य नागराद्यं विधीयते॥ १२९
अभद्रं द्रामिडे पीठं भद्रं भद्रोपभद्रकम्।
नागरे वेसरं योग्यं कालिङ्गेऽपि वराटके॥ १३०
सामान्यं पीठमुद्दिष्टं प्रतिमाप्यधुनोच्यते।

sa'rvades'ika lin'ge tu vibha'goyam na ki'rtitah /
tatha' pi't'he tu pi't'hasya na'gara'dyam vidhi'yate // 129
abhadram dra'id'e pi't'ham bhadram bhadropabhadrakam /
na'gare vesaram yogyam ka'lin'gepi vara't'ake // 130
sa'ma'nyam pi't'ham uddis"t'am pratima'pyadhunocyate /
For the sarvadesika linga, such divisions and omissions are not prescribed. Likewise,
there is no restriction for designing its pedestal. But, directions for designing the
pedestal for nagara and other lingas have been set forth. For the dravida linga, abhadra
type of pedestal should be designed. For the nagara and vesra lingas, bhadra and
upabhadra type of pedestals should be designed. For the kalinga and varata lingas,
the pedestal may be designed in a common style. Now, some directions for the
installation of images in various locations of the buildings are told.
गर्भेधिष्ण्ये मसूर च द्वारे स्तम्भे च मस्तके ॥ १३१
स्थूपिकोच्चे दशांशोच्चे सप्तांशा प्रतिमा वरा ।
चतुर्थ्यंशोदया हीना षड्विंशत्यन्तरेऽन्तरम् ॥ १३२
नक्षत्रसंख्या तुङ्गानि प्रतिमायां भवन्ति हि ।
garbhe dhis"n.ye masu're ca dva're stambhe ca mastake // 131
sthu'pikocce das'a'ms'occe sapta'ms'a' pratima' vara' /
caturthyams'odaya' hi'na' s"ad'vims'atyantare antaram // 132
naks"atra samkhya' tun'ga'ni pratima'ya' bhavanti hi /
In the inner chamber, edifice, basement, main entrance, pillar, capital, dome and in
such other locations, images could be installed. Out of the 12 parts of the dome, 7 parts
should be the maximum height of the image. 4 parts should be the minimum height. The
difference between the maximum height and minimum height should be divided into
26 parts. Based on this, 27 kinds of height for the images are available.
नागरे त्रित्रिसंख्यानि द्रामिडे नवसंख्याः ॥ १३३
वेसारणि तथान्यानि श्रेष्ठमध्याधम क्रमात् ।