कामिक आगम: पूर्व भाग (अष्टाविंशति मूल शैव आगमों का प्रथम एवं सर्वोच्च आगम महाकोश)

Having fed the learned and competent bra'hman.as , he should perform the
purification of the selected plot and its surroundings. Having sanctified the
place identified for the va'stu homa with cow-dung, he should draw the
applicable va'stu man.d'la. Having placed there the small bundle of darbha
grass knotted at the front(ku'rca), the A'ca'rya should recite the names of all
the va'stu deities in due order. “ I invoke your benign presence” – with this
statement he should invite and install the va'stu deities in the man.d'ala and
worship them duly. Each name of the deity is to be recited with the ending
of fourth case and added with the word ‘namah’ at the end. Then he should
offer all kinds of sacred preparations such as pa'dya, a'camana and so forth and
offer the bali-substance prescribed for each va'stu deity.
ब्रह्माणं पूजयेत्पूर्वं सघृतं पायसं क्षिपेत् ।। ७
फलान्यर्मणे दद्यात् तिलमाषोदनं तथा।
दद्याद्विवस्वते ऽपूपं दधि मित्राय दापयेत् ।। ८
पृथ्‍वीधराय सद्गन्धान् दापयेत्सुसमाहितः।
brahma'n.am pujayet pu'rvam saghr'tam pa'yasam ks"ipet // 7
phala'yarman.e dadya't tila mas"odanam tatha' ।
dadya'd vivasvate a'pu'pam dadhi mitra'ya da'payet // 8
pr'thvidhara'ya sadgandha'n da'payet susama'hitah ।
First, the priest should worship Va'stu Brahma and offer pa'yasa along with
ghee. Similarly, he should worship Aryamn.a and offer fruits, sesame seeds and
well-cooked rice mixed with the grounded bean-pulse. He should offer sweet
cakes to Vivasvat and curd for Mitra.
नवनीतं अतो दद्यात् पर्जन्याय विशेषतः ।। ९
जयन्ताय घृतं दद्यान् महेन्द्रः कुष्ठभाक् भवेत् ।
मधुपर्कं तथा दद्यात् आदित्याय विशेषतः ।। १०

navani’tam ato dadya’t parjanya’ya vis’es”tah // 9
jayanta’ya ghr’tam dadya’n mahendrah kus”t’habha’g bhavet /
madhuparkam tatha’ dadya’t a’ditya’ya vis’es”atah // 10
Then, being with composed mind, he should offer butter to Parjanya as a specific
kind of bali. He should offer clarified butter to Jayanta and medicinal plant
known as kus”t’ha(costus) to Mahendra. Let him offer madhuparka to A’ditya
as a specific kind of bali.
madhuparka – a special kind of mixture prepared with five substances –
curd, ghee, water, honey and sugar.
सत्यकाय बदर्यास्तु फलं मधुसमन्वितम्।
भ्रंशाय चूर्णं माषस्य रजनीभक्त संयुतम्।। ११
दापयेदन्तरिक्षाय तपनं दुग्धसर्पिषा।
अग्नये दुग्ध संयुक्तं ओदनं शिवसंयुक्तम्।। १२
satyaka’ya badarya’stu phalam madhu samanvitam /
bhrams’a’ya cu’rn.am ma’s”asya rajani’bhakta samyutam // 11
da’payet antariks”a’ya tapanam dugdha sarpis”a’ /
agnaye dugdha samyuktam odanam s’iva samyutam // 12
He should offer the fruits of jujube (badari) along with honey to Satyaka. Let
him offer to Bhrams’a the flour of bean-pulse mixed with turmeric powder.
He should give with reverence the arka plant with the accompaniment of milk
and melted ghee to Antariks”a. And, let him offer the boiled rice mixed with
milk, its measure being equal to four litres.
tapana – the arka plant (calotropis gigantea)
s’iva - a particular measure equaling three and half quarts approximately.

पूष्णे च वितते दद्यात् पक्वान्नं सुसमाहितः ।
गृहक्षताय शिंबान्नं दद्यान् मधुसमन्वितम् ।। १३
यमाय पायसं दद्याद् गन्धर्वे गन्धमुच्यते ।
सामुद्रं भृङ्गराजाय मत्स्यं मत्स्योदनं मृगे ।। १४
pu's"n.eca vitate dadya't pakvannam susama'hitah /
gr'haks"ata'ya s'imba'nnam dadya'n madhu samanvitam // 13
yama'ya pa'yasam dadya'd gandharve gandhamucyate /
sa'mudram bhr'n'gara'ja'ya matsyam matsyodanam mr'ge // 14
With concentrated heart and mind, he should offer cooked rice dressed with
spices to Pu's"an and Vitata. Let him offer the boiled samba rice along with
honey to Gr'haks"ata. Let him give pa'yasa to Yama and spicy grains to
Gandharva. For Bhr'n'gara'ja, he should offer fishes collected form the ocean
and for Mr'ga, cooked rice mixed with seasoned fish.
Matsya does not actually mean fish, here. The A'ca'rya should know well those
substances which represent such items as fish, boar, sheep and so forth. He should
offer the representative item with the ideation that fish or meat is actually offered.
In the Agamas, there is no place for fish or meat offering or for killing of animals.
दद्यान्निर्ऋतये तैलं पिण्याकान्नं च बुद्धिमान् ।
दौवारिके दधि प्रोक्तं सुग्रीवे तु यवान्नकम् ।। १५
पिष्टानि पुष्पदन्ताय पुष्पाणि सजलानि च ।
जलेश्वराय दातव्यं पायसं घृतमिश्रितम् ।। १६
dadya'nnirr'taye tailam pin.ya'ka'nnam ca buddhima'n /
dauva'rike dadhi proktam sugri've tu yava'nnakam // 15
pis't'a'ni pus"padanta'ya pus"pa'n.i sajala'ni ca /
jales'vara'ya da'tavyam pa'yasam ghr'tamis'ritam // 16

The priest,who is well versed and who is well acquainted with bali-offering rituals,
should offer sesame oil and the food mixed with the cakes of that oil to Nirr'ti.
For Dauva'rika he should offer curd. Cooked barley is for Sugri'va. Varieties of
flour along with flowers and water are to be offered to Pus"padanta. For Vaun.a,
pa'yasa mixed with ghee is to be offered.
वाराहं तु बलौ मांसं असुराय प्रदापयेत्।
दद्यात् समाहितस्संयक् शोषाय तिलतण्डुलौ ।। १७
रोगाय शुष्क मत्स्यान् वै ध्वजं पीतञ्च वायवे।
नागाय मधुमुख्याय लाजान् सम्यक् प्रदापयेत् ।। १८
va'ra'ham tu balau ma'msam asura'ya prada'payet /
dadya't sama'hitas samyak s'os"a'ya tila tan.d'ulau // 17
roga'ya s'us"ka matsya'n vai dhvajam pi'tan"ca va'yave /
na'ga'ya madhu mukhya'ya la'ja'n samyak prada'payet // 18
He should offer the meat of boar to Asura who is mighty. With one-pointed mind,
the priest should offer sesame seeds and unhusked grain(rice) to Sos"a. Dried
fishes are to be offered to Roga. The roots of the medicinal plants dhvaja and pi'ta
are to be offered to Va'yu. He should give honey to Na'ga with reverence and
parched paddy grain to Mukhya.
भल्लाटाय गुलान्नं वै सम्यकदद्यात् बलिप्रदः।
सोमाय पायसं धूपं दीपं दद्याद्विशेषतः ।। १९
गजाय शर्करापूपं अदित्यै मोदकं विदुः।
दितये तु बलिं दद्यात् बाह्यदेव बलिक्रमे ।। २०
पायसं घृतसंमिश्रं ईशानाय निवेदयेत्।
bhalla't'a'ya gula'nnam vai samyak dadya't balipradah /
soma'ya pa'yasam dhu'pam di'pam dadya'd vis'es"atah // 19
gaja'ya s'arkara'pu'pam adityai modakam viduh /
ditaye tu balim dadya't ba'hyadeva balikrame // 20
pa'yasam ghr'ta sammis'ram i's'a'na'ya nivedayet /

Cooked rice mixed with molasses is to be offered to Bhalla’t’a by the priest,
who is well-experienced in bali-offering. Let him offer with special attention
pa’yasa, incense and lighted lamp to Soma. Sweet cakes prepared with candied
sugar are to be offered to Gaja. As set forth in the scripture, he should offer
sweet eatables (modaka) to Aditi. Prescribed bali is to be offered to Diti. Let him
present pa’yasa sufficiently mixed with ghee to I’s’a’na. In the detailed
process of bali-offering, these are the items prescribed for the deities of the
outer grid-belt.
दद्यात् सवित्रे लाजांस्तु सावित्रे गन्धवारि वै ।। २१
इन्द्राय माषमन्नं वै मुद्गान्नं चेन्द्रसूनवे ।
रुद्राय माम्समन्नं स्यात् फेनं रुद्रात्मजाय वै ।। २२
आपाय मत्स्यं मांसं च चापवत्साय दापयेत् ।
dadya’t savitre la’ja’mstu sa’vitre gandhava’ri vai // 21
indra’ya ma’s”ammannam vai mudga’nnam cendra su’nave /
rudra’ya ma’msam annam sya’t phenam rudra’tmaja’ya ca // 22
a’pa’ya matsyam ma’msam ca ca’pavatsa’ya da’payet /
He should offer the parched paddy to Savitra. Water perfumed with the relevant
substances is to be offered to Sa’vitra. Cooked rice mixed with the grounded
bean pulse is to be presented to Indra. And for Indraja, the priest should offer the
boiled rice mixed with the powder of kidney beans. Let him offer the cooked rice
mixed with meat to Rudra and grounded rice boiled in water to Rudraja. He should
offer fish to Apa and flesh to Apavatsa.
घृतं मांसं चरक्यै च शूलस्थायै शिवाश्रिताः ।। २३
विदारिकायै दातव्यं लवणं धीमता भृशम् ।
तिलपिण्डमतो दद्यात् पूतनायै विशेषतः ।। २४

ghr'tam ma'msam carakyai ca s'u'lastha'yai s'iva's'rita'h // 23
vida'rika'yai da'tavyam lavan.m dhi'mata' bhr's'am /
tilapin.d'amato dadya't pu'tana'yai vis'es"atah // 24
kulma's"am pa'para'ks"asyai ma'msa'nnam syadgrahes"u ca /
For Caraki' , whose presence is identified with the trident (drawn on the corner
of the man.d'ala), the priest and his associates who are well experienced in the
rituals of S'iva worship, should offer ghee and meat. By them, who are highly
knowledgeable , salt is to be presented in large quantity to Vida'rika'. With
specific care and attention, let them offer the lump of rice-ball mixed with
sesame to Pu'tana'. They should offer kulma's"a-pulse and cooked
rice mixed with meat to Pa'para'ks"asi'. This kind of offering is well suited for
house construction.
विशेषबलिरेवं स्यात् सामान्यं तु घृतोदनम् ।। २५
सर्वेषामपि दातव्यो बलिर्दध्ना समन्वितः ।
उत्कृष्ट बलिरेवं स्याद् ग्रामादौ च विशेषतः ।। २६
vis'es"abalirevam sya't sa'ma'nyam tu ghr'todanam // 25
sarves"a'mapi da'tavyo balirdadhna' samanvitah /
utkr's"t'a balirevam sya't gra'ma'dau ca vis'es"atah // 26
The highly merited bali-offering has been told in this way. For the bali-offering
proposed to be done in a simple way, the priest should offer the ghee- rice. For
all the va'stu deities, the bali-offering is to be given with the accompaniment of
curd. This process of bali, specifically suitable to village planning and such others,
is of foremost kind.
गृहदेवालयादौ च मध्यमः कथ्यतेऽधुना ।
दध्याज्य गुलसंमिश्रं शुद्धान्नं ब्रह्मणे बलिः ।। २७
अर्यमादि चतुर्णां तु पायसं बलिरुच्यते ।
विदिक्ष्वापादि देवानां अष्टानां कृसरं बलिः ।। २८

gr'ha deva'laya'dau ca madhyamah kathyate adhuna' |
dadhya'jya gulasammis'ram s'uddha'nnam brahman.e balih || 27
aryama'di caturn.a'm tu pa'yasam balirucyate |
vidiks"va'pa'di deva'na'm as"t'a'na'm kr'saram balih || 28
Now, I will explain the intermediary kind of bali-offering as suitable to the
construction of house, temple and so forth. The items of bali for Va'stu Brahma
are curd, ghee and cooked rice mixed with molasses. For the four deities seated
around Brahma - Aryama and others - pa'yasa is to be offered as bali. For the
eight deities located in all the four corners of the interior belt – Apah and others –
sesame rice is to be offered as bali.
Four deities around the Va'stu Brahma are Aryama, Vivasvat, Mitra and Pr'thvi'dhara.
Eight deities located in the four corners of the interior belt are Apa, Apavatsa, Savitra,
Sa'vitra, Indra, Indraja, Rudra and Rudraja.
ईशानाद्यष्टदेवानां मुद्गान्नं बलिरुच्यते।
हुताशनादि देवानां गुलान्नं बलिरिष्यते।। २९
i's'a'na'dyas"t'a deva'na'm mudga'nnam balirucyate |
huta's'ana'di deva'na'm gula'nnam baliris"yate || 29
For the eight deities - I's'a'na and others – located in the eastern grids of the
outer belt, cooked rice mixed with the powder of kidney beans is to be offered
as bali. For the eight deities - Agni and others – located in the southern grids
of the outer belt, boiled rice mixed with molasses is to be presented as bali.
Eight deities in the east are I's'a'na, Parjanya, Jayanta, Mahendra, A'ditya,
Satyaka, Bhr's'a and Antariks"a.
Eight deities in the south are Agni,Pu's"an, Vitatha, Ra'ks"asa, Yama, Gandharva
Bhr'n'gara'ja and Mr'ga.
पश्चिमाशां स्थितानां तु घृतान्नं बलिरुच्यते।
वायव्याद्युक्त देवानां दध्यन्नं बलिरुच्यते।। ३०

pas'cima's'a' sthita'na'm tu ghr'ta'nnam balirucyate।
va'yavya'dyukta deva'na'm dadhyannam balirucyate॥ 30
For the eight deities seated in the western grids of the outer belt, ghee-rice
should be offered as bali. For the eight deities who are said to be in the northern
grids of the outer belt, curd-rice is to be offered as bali.
Eight deities in the west are Nirr'ti, Dauva'rika, Sugri'va, Pus"padanta, Varun.a
Asura, S'os"a and Roga.
Eight deities in the north are Va'yu, Na'ga, Mukhya, Bhalla't'a, Soma
Gaja, Aditi and Diti.
अष्टानां बाह्यदेवानां मांसान्नं बलिरुच्यते ।
अलाभे प्रोक्त वस्तूनां दध्याज्याफलसंयुतम् ।। ३१
शुद्धमन्नं प्रदातव्यं गन्धपुष्प पुरस्सरम् ।
as"t'a'na'm ba'hya deva'na'm ma'msa'nnam balirucyate।
ala'bhe prokta vastu'na'm dadhya'jya' phala samyutam॥ 31
s'uddhamannam prada'tavyam gandha pus"pa purassaram।
For the eight deities who are seated in the four corners outside the man.d'ala,
meat-rice is to be offered as bali. If all or some of the items mentioned for the
offering of bali are not available, then cooked rice with the accompaniment of
curd and ghee is to be offered preceded by the offering of sandal and flowers.
Four deities in the corners outside the man.d'la are Caraki, Vida'rika, Pu'tana
and Pa'para'ks"asi.
हविष्यं देवभवने मांसान्नं राजमन्दिरे॥ ३२
मद्यं शूद्रगृहे प्रोक्तं अन्यत्र मधुकल्पयेत् ।
मत्स्यार्थं चैव मांसार्थं पिष्टं वापि प्रकल्पयेत्॥ ३३

havis"yam deva bhavane ma'msa'nnam ra'ja mandire // 32
madyam s'u'dragrahe proktam anyatra madhu kalpayet /
matsya'rtham caiva ma'msa'rtham pis"t'am va'pi prakalpayet //
In the temples and the houses of brahman.as, the most important bali-offering is
sacrificial oblation(havis). In the royal palaces, meat rice is the important
offering. In the houses of s'u'dras, toddy is the principal offering. And in all
other places, honey is to be presented as the important bali-offering. The priest
should make use of kneaded flour to replace fish and meat.
ग्रामादौ वा बलिस्सोपि शुद्धद्रव्यैर्विधीयताम् ।
त्वरिते त्वक्षतं वा स्याद् गन्धपुष्पसमन्वितम् ।। ३४
gra'ma'dau va' balissopi suddhadravyair vidhi'yata'm /
tvarite tvaks"atam va'sya'd gandhapus"pa samanvitam // 34
In respect of village planning and such other contexts, it is ordained in the
scriptures, that the bali-offering may be done even with other substances
sanctified duly. If the bali-offering ritual is to be completed within a short
period, the priest should make use of unbroken rice-grains(aks"ata) mixed with
turmeric powder along with sandal and flowers.
महावास्तुनि विप्रेन्द्रा देशिका बहवो मताः ।
पञ्चगोचर संभूताश्शिवविप्राः प्रकीर्तिताः ।। ३५
maha'va'stuni viprendra des'ika' bahavo mata'h /
pan"cagocara sambhutas' s'ivavipra'h praki'rtitah // 35

O, the foremost Sages!, for the performance of large-scale va'stu homa and
va'stu bali, there may be available many A'ca'rya-priests. But, it has been
distinctly ordained in the scriptures that the S'iva – vipras (A'di S'aivas) who
are born in the lineage affiliated to the five gocaras are highly competent to
undertake the ritual of va'stu bali.
अभावादादिशैवानां तत्र ब्राह्माशिवद्विजाः।
देवालये च ग्रामादौ शिवविप्रो विशिष्यते ।। ३६
स्वगृहे त्वनुशैवास्तु महावान्तर शैवकाः।
abha'va'da'dis'aiva'na'm tatra brahmas' s'ivadvija'h /
deva'laye ca gra'ma'dau s'ivavipro vis'is'yate // 36
svagr'hetvanus'aiva'stu maha'va'ntara s'aivaka'h /
If A'dis'aivas are not available there, then the bra'hman.as who have been duly
initiated into the worship of S'iva may assume the role of A'ca'rya. But
preferably in all cases such as the construction of temples, village planning and
so forth, A'dis'aivas are significantly entitled to be the A'ca'ryas. The Anus'aivas
could be A'ca'ryas in the rituals of their own houses. Similarly,the Maha's'aivas
and A'ntaras'aivas could be A'ca'ryas in respect of the rituals of their own houses.
वास्तु होमं चतुर्दिक्षु देशिको मूर्तिपैस्सह।। ३७
एकत्र वाऽथ कर्तव्यो देशिकेन च धीमता।
समिदाज्यचरूपेतं तिलतण्डुल संयुतम् ।। ३८
va'stu homam caturdiks"u des'iko mu'rtipais saha // 37
ekatra va' ata kartavyo des'ikena ca dhi'mata' /
samida'cjya caru'petam tilatan.d'ula samyutam // 38

The va’stu homa may be performed in all the four directions of the selected
ground by the A’ca’rya being associated with the assisting priests (mu’rtipas).
Or, it may be done in only one place by the learned A’ca’rya with necessary
paraphernalia such as the faggots, ghee, boiled rice for sacrificial purpose,
sesame and rice grains.
मण्डपे वा प्रपायां वा वास्तु होमं समाचरेत् ।
पञ्चादि दशहस्तान्तं मण्डपं परिकल्पयेत् ।। ३९
man.d'ape va' prapa'ya'm va' va'stu homam sama'caret /
pan"ca'di das'a hasta'ntam man.d'apam parikalpayet // 39
The A’ca’rya should systematically perform the va’stu homa either in a pavilion
or in a small enclosure designed with coconut leaves. Let him design the pavilion
whose sides may be from five hastas to ten hastas.
हस्तमात्रमितं कुण्डं रत्नमात्रमथाऽपि वा।
वास्तुसीमनि वा ब्रह्मस्थाने वा मण्डपं नयेत् ।। ४०
hastama'tra mitam kun.d'am ratnima'tramatha'pi va' /
va'stu si'mani va' brahmastha'ne va' man.d'apam nayet // 40
The A’ca’rya should design the fire-pit whose side is measured to be one hasta or
ratni . The pavilion may constructed near the boundary of the selected plot or in
the brahma-stha’na of the same plot.
पलाशोदुम्बराश्वत्थ वटाः पूर्वादितः क्रमात् ।
समिधः कथिताश्शास्त्रे चैकत्रेष्टं प्रगृह्यताम् ।। ४१
pala's'odumbara's'vattha vat'a'h pu'rva'ditah krama't /
samidhah kathita's's'a'stre caikatres"t'am pragr'hyata'm // 41

It has been prescribed in the Scripture that the sacrificial faggots(samidh) got
from pala’s’a, udumbara, as’vattha and vat’a trees are to be used in east, south,
west and north directions respectively. Or, if the fire-ritual takes place in only
one direction, any one of these faggots may be collected as desired by the
A’ca’rya.
कुंभे वोदुंबरे वापि वास्तुदेवान् प्रपूजयेत्।
हेमवस्त्र समायुक्ते सकूर्चे सापिधानके।। ४२
kumbhe vodumbare va’pi va’studeva’n prapu’jayet /
hemavastra sama’yukte saku’rce sa’pidha’nake // 42
The A’ca’rya should worship the va’stu deities after invoking them either
in the sacrificial vessel(kumbha) or in a small wood of udumbara tree. The
sacrificial vessel should be dressed with gold-fringed nice cloth. It should
be furnished with a specially designed darbha grass (ku’rca) and a fitting lid.
कृतस्थण्डिलकाधारस्सोष्णीषस्सोत्तरीयकः।
कृतपञ्चाङ्ग भूषस्तु मूर्तिपैश्च तथाविधैः।। ४३
उष्णीषरहितैस्सार्धं वेदध्वनि समन्वितम्।
स्तोत्रध्वनि समायुक्तं तथा मन्त्र जपन्वितम्।। ४४
kr’tastan.d’ilaka’dha’ras sos”n.i’s”as sottari’yakah /
kr’ta pan”ca’n’ga bhu’s”astu mu’rtipais’ca tatha’vidhaih // 43
us”n.i’s”a rahitais sa’rdham vedadhvani samanvitam /
stotradhvani sama’yuktam taha’ mantra japa’nvitam // 44

The A'ca'rya, being seated on wooden stool or darbha stool and wearing the
head-dress and upper garment and adorning his five limbs with relevant gold
ornaments should be present there with the appointed assisting priests(mu'rtipas)
who are also to be with the same kind of attire. But they should be without
the head-dress(us"n.i's"a). He should perform the fire-ritual amidst the rhythmic
voices of those who recite the sacred hymns of the Vedas and the pleasant sounds
of various hymns and amidst the incantation of relevant mantras.
संप्राप्त दक्षिणश्शान्तो मनस्तुष्टि समन्वितः।
सर्वमङ्गल कार्ये च मण्डलादि विशोधने।। ४५
sampra'pta daks"in.s'sa'nto manastus"t'i samanvitah /
sarvaman'gala ka'rye ca man.d'ala'di vis'odhane // 45
In all the auspicious activities and in the rituals such as the purification of the
pavilion and such others, the A'ca'rya should perform the concerned rituals
keeping himself in pure and composed state ,with his mind filled up with
contentment and calmness, having been presented with sufficient remuneration
and gifts.
पर्यग्निकरणोपेतं वास्तुहोमं नियामकम्।
बलिं चैव विशेषेण शिवविप्रस्समाचरेत्।। ४६
paryagnikaran.petam va'stuhomam niya'makam /
balim caiva vis'es"en.a s'ivavipras sama'caret // 46
The A'ca'rya who hails from the A'dis'aiva tradition should conduct and guide
the proceedings of the va'stu homa significantly featured with paryagnikaran.a
and bali-offering , being much attentive to all of the specific activities.
paryagnikaran.a – placing of specially designed darbha grass and strewing of darbha
grass around the fire-pit in a particular pattern.

वास्तुपूजा विहीनं तु वास्तु वास्तु विनश्यति ।
प्रतिसंवत्सरं कुर्यात् सर्वदोषापनुत्तये ।। ४७
ग्रामादि गृह शालासु देववेश्मनि देशिकः ।। ४८
va'stupu'ja'vihi'nam tu va'stu va'stu vinas'yati |
pratisamvatsaram kurya't sarvados"a'panuttaye || 47
gra'ma'di gr'ha s'a'la'su devaves'mani des'ikah | 48
If va'stu pu'ja is not performed according to the directions set forth in the Agamas,
then the selected ground as well as the constructions raised on that ground will
decay in due course. The A'ca'rya should perform va'stu pu'ja and homa every
year without negligence in the villages and such other settlements, houses,
mansions and temples and shrines of various gods to ward off all sorts of
defilement, pollution, insecurity and inauspiciousness.
।इति कामिकाख्ये महातन्त्रे क्रियापादे वास्तुदेवबलिविधिर्नाम एकोनविंशतितमः पटलः।
/ iti ka'mika'khya maha'tantre kriya'pa'de va'studevabalividhirna'ma
ekonavims'atitamah pat'lah /
This is the 21ˢᵗ chapter titled ‘Directions for offering of bali to va’studevas’, in the
Kriya' section of the the Great Tantra called Ka'mika

२० ग्रामादि लक्षण विधिः
20. GRA'MA'DI LAKS"N.A VIDHIH
20. Characteristics of Villages, Towns and Such Others
वक्ष्यामि लक्षणं ग्राम नगर्यादेस्समाहितः।
यथावद्विहितं वास्तु न त्यजन्ति हि देवताः॥ १
पिशाच प्रेतरक्षांसि पीडां कर्तुं न शक्नुयुः।
तत्र काल परीक्षादि प्रागुक्त विधिनाऽऽचरेत्॥ २
vaks"ya'mi laks"an.am gra'ma nagarya'des sama'hitah /
yatha'vad vihitam va'stu na tyajanti hi devata'h // 1
pis"a'ca preta raks"a'msi pi'd'ha'm kartum na s'aknuyuh /
tatra ka'la pari'ks"a'di pra'gukta vidhina'caret // 2
Now I will explain collectively the characteristics of villages, towns and such
other settlemnts. Is it not true that the gods and deities will never leave out the
places and constructions systematically designed according to the directions
of va'stu ? The fiends, departed spirits, demons and such other malevolent
beings become powerless in inflicting troubles and harms in such va'stu-oriented
places. To achieve perfection in planning and construction, the architect should
examine the merits and demerits of particular time fixed for the commencement of
constructional work according to the directions explained before.
विप्रैर्विद्वद्भिराभोग्यं मङ्गलं चेति कीर्तितम्।
अग्रहारस्तदेवोक्तं विप्रेन्द्राः कामिकाह्वये॥ ३
viprair vidvadbhira'bhogyam man'galam ceti ki'rtitam /
agraha'ras tadevoktam viprendra'h kamika'hvaye // 3

A well-planned place fit for the livelihood of brahmanas, learned persons and
sages is called Man'gala. O, the foremost Sages!, the same place is also called
Agraha'ra , in this Ka'mika A'gama.
विप्रैरथान्यै वर्णैर्वाभोग्यो ग्राम उदाहृतः ।
एको ग्रामणिको यत्र सभृत्य परिचारकः ।। ४
कुटिकं तद्विजानीयात् एकभोगस्स एव तु ।
जनैः परिवृतं द्रव्यक्रयविक्रयकादिभिः ।। ५
अनेकजाति संयुक्तं कर्मकारैस्समन्वितम् ।
सर्वदैवत संयुक्तं नगरं चाभिधीयते ।। ६
viprairatha’yair varn.airva’ bhogyo gra’ma uda’hr’tah /
ekogra’man.iko yatra sabhr’tya parica’rakah // 4
kut’ikam tadvija’ni’ya’t ekabhogas sa eva tu /
janaih parivr’tam dravya krayavikrayaka’dibhih // 5
aneka ja’ti samyuktam karmaka’rais samanvitam /
sarva daivata samyuktam nagaram ca’bhidhi’yate // 6
The well-settled place which is fit enough for the sufficient livelihood of
brahmanas and other castes is called Gra’ma. The small village where a
Gra’man.i’ ( one who leads the inhabitants of the village) lives associated
with servants, assistants and with those who execute his orders is to be known
as Kut’ika. It is also called Ekabhoga. The well-settled place frequented by
many people, by the buyers and sellers, by the people of many castes, in which
the labors of different fields live and in which temples of all gods have been
built – is significantly called Nagara.
वणिजामपि भोग्यं तु तद्देव समीरितम् ।
यत्स्थानं ब्रह्मणानां तु खर्वटं पुरवासिनम् ।। ७

van'ija'mapi bhogyam tu tadvadeva sami'ritam/
yatstha'nam brahman.a'na'm tu kharvat'am purava'sinam// 7
Even the place which is comfortably enjoyable to the merchants and traders is
also called Nagara.The place beloging to and exclusively used by the brahmanas
who live within the city is known as Kharvat'a.
तेषामेव वनस्थानं तद्वदेव समीरितम्।
क्रयविक्रय संयुक्तं अब्धितीर समाश्रितम्।। ८
देशान्तरागत जनैर्नाना जातिभिरन्वितम्।
पट्टणं तत्समाख्यातं वैश्यैरध्युषितं तु यत्।। ९
नगर्यावर्तनं यत्तत्खर्वटं तदुदाहृतम्।
tes"a'meva vanastha'nam tadvadeva sami'ritam/
krayavikraya samyuktam abdhiti'ra sama's'ritam// 8
des'a'ntara'gata janair na'na' ja'tibhiranvitam/
pat't'an.am tatsama'khya'tam vais'yairadhyus"itam tu yat// 9
nagaryavartanam yattat khrvat'am tadudahr'tam/
The same kind of place situated in the forest and exclusively used by the
brahmanas is also called Kharvat'a. The place occupied by the buyers and sellers
and well paned and settled in the area surrounded by the ocean, which is
frequented by the people who have come from foreign countries and inhabited
by the people of various castes is called Pat't'an.a. The place formed around
Pat't'an.a and inhabited by the merchants is also called Kharvat'a.
वने जनपदे चैव केवले शूद्रसेवितः।। १०
कर्णकः खेटको ग्रामः क्रमात् त्रिविधं ईरितः।
सामन्तानां समृद्धानां यत्स्थानं शिबिरं स्मृतम्।। ११

vane jana pade caiva kevale s’u’dra sevitah // 10
karn.akah khet’ako gra’mah krama’t trividham i’ritah /
sa’manta’na’m samr’ddha’na’m yatstha’nam s’ibiram smr’tam //
The settlement within a forest, the palce within a country and an isolated place
which are mostly inhabited by the S’u’dras( the fourth caste) are called Karn.aka,
Khet’aka and Gra’ma respectively in three different ways. The place exclusively
allocated to the ministers and other royal officials and to the wealthy people
is called S’ibira.
गजवाजि समायुक्तं सेनास्थानं तदेव हि।
राजवेश्म समायुक्तं सर्वजाति समन्वितम् ।। १२
गुह्यप्रदेश संयुक्तं सेनामुखमिहोच्यते।
gajava’ji sama’yuktam sena’stha’nam tadeva hi /
ra’javes’ma sama’yuktam sarvaja’ti samanvitam // 12
guhyaprades’a samyuktam sena’mukham ihocyate /
The place in which elephants and horses belonging to army are nourished
and maintained is called Sena’stha’na. The place in which royal palace has been
built, which is inhabitted by the people of various castes and which has been
provided with sectret constructions defying easy access to the common people is
called Sena’mukha.
आगन्तुकानां सर्वेषां नैष्ठिकानां निवासभूः ।। १३
अन्न पानीय संयुक्तःकेवलो वा मठो मतः।
विद्यास्थानं तु तद्वद्स्यात् बहुसेना समन्वितम् ।। १४
a’gantuka’na’m sarves”a’m nais”t’hika’na’m niva’sa bhu’h // 13
anna pa’ni’ya samyuktah kevalo va’ mat’ho matah /
vidya’stah’nam tu tadvadsya’t bahusena’ samanvitam // 14

The place which serves as a comfortable abode for those who have come there
as guests and strangers and for those who have vowed life-long abstinence and
chastity and which is with sufficient food and driking water is called Mat'ha.
If such a place is without food and water, even then it is called Mat'ha. The place
allocated for the centers of learning associated with various camps and bodies of
scholars is also considered as Mat'ha.
राजवेश्म समायुक्ता राजधानीति कथ्यते।
ग्रामादीनां समीपं यत्स्थानं कुब्जमिति स्मृतम् ।। १५
तदेव चेरिका प्रोक्ता नगरी तन्तुवायभूः।
ra'javes'ma sama'yukta' ra'jadha'ni'ti kathyate।
gra'ma'di'na'm sami'pam yat stha'nam kubjam iti smr'tam ।। 15
tadeva cerika' prokta' nagari' tantuva'yabhu'।
The place in which royal palace has been built is called Ra'jadha'ni'. The
settlement which is adjacent to the villages, towns and such others is called
Kubja. It is also called Cerika. The place in which the weavers live exclusively
is called Nagari'.
सर्वेषामपि चैतेषां ग्रामादीनां समीरितम् ।। १६
विस्तारायाम मानं तु सर्वेषां तु सनातनम् ।
शास्त्रेऽस्मिन् प्रोच्यते तच्च क्रमेण परिपठ्यते ।। १७
sarves"a'mapi caites"a'm gra'ma'di'na'm sami'ritam ।। 16
vista'ra'ya'ma ma'nam tu sarves"a'm tu sana'tanam।
s'a'stre asmin procyate tacca kramen.a paripat'hyate ।। 17

For all these settlements like villages, towns and such others which are
variously called by specific names such as Man’gala, Agraha’ra and so on,
there is the technique of ascertaining their exact length and breadth. This
technique, which comes down through the ages traditionally, has been
set forth in this Scripture. The details of such technique are explained in
due order, hereafter.
।इति कामिकाख्ये महातन्त्रे क्रियापादे ग्रामादिलक्षणविधिर्नाम विंशतितमः पटलः।
। iti ka’mika’khye maha’tantre kriya’pa’de gra’ma’dilaks”an.avidhirna’ma
vims’atitamah pat’lah ।
This is the 20ᵗʰ chapter titled ‘The Characteristics of Villages and such others’ in the
Kriya’ Section of the the Great Tantra called Ka’mika