प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

APPENDIX IV
FOUR VEDAS, SIX ANGAS, TEN GRANTHAS,
FOURTEEN VIDYĀS, EIGHTEEN ŚILPAS AND
SIXTY-FOUR KALĀS.
In connection with the curriculum in ancient
India, the above expressions are frequently used; we
therefore propose to explain them briefly in this
appendix.
Four Vedas :—They are the Rigveda, the Yajur-
veda, the Sāmaveda and the Atharvaveda. These were
regarded as revealed, but there was a time when a deep
prejudice was entertained against the Atharvaveda,
which was therefore excluded from studies. The
remaining three Vedas were therefore called Trayī.
Six Angas :—These were the following; 1 Śikshā,
the science of pronunciation ; Kalpa, the science of
ritualism ; Vyākaraṇa, grammar; Nirukta, philology,
Chandas, prosody, and Jyotisha, astronomy.
Dasa Granthas :—These were the following:
1 One's own Veda 2. Its Brāhmaṇa 3 and Āraṇyaka
4 Nighaṇṭu and the six Aṅgas enumerated above. A
graduate, who had mastered all these, was known as
a Daśagranthī Brahmana.
Fourteen Vidyas : During the Pauranic period,
a person was regarded as a distinguished scholar if he
had mastered fourteen Vidyās. These were usually
taken to be 1-4 Vedas, 5-10 Shaḍaṅgas, 11 Dharma-
śāstra (sacred and secular law) 12 Purāṇas, 13
Mīmānsā (science of exegis) and 14 Tarka (logic)
20