प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

284 EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA [App.
performed by teachers ambitious to have a large
number of scholars¹. In some places there was the
custom requiring the teacher to give a feast to his
students on the day of Śrāvaṇī². It would thus be
clear that the ritual of Śrāvaṇī was originally confined
only to teachers and students and was performed on
the opening day of the annual session.
Prevention of Wastage in Education :—Later on,
however, it came to be prescribed for the whole
community primarily to prevent wastage in education.
We are all aware how a large number of students
lose their study habits and forget a good deal of what
they had learnt in their schools and colleges, when
they settle down as householders pursuing their own
professions. The same thing happened in the past.
It was however regarded as a serious disaster in ancient
times, as the modern facilities of books and libraries
were then non-existent. In the course of time there-
fore educationalists began to feel that steps must be
taken to ensure that even householders would set apart
some time in the year for revising their studies. Some
of them, like Śvetaketu, advocated that they should
be asked to spend two months every year in their old
colleges for this purpose. The majority however felt
that it is impracticable to suggest to householders that
they should give up their professions for two months
every year in order to keep themselves in touch with
their studies³. They therefore proposed that the

1. अन्तेवासिनां योगमिच्छञ्जपं जपति....। Vā. Gr. S., 7.
2. सब्रह्मचारिणश्च उपसमेतान्भोजयेदाचार्यः J. Gr. S., I. 14.
3. निवेशे वृत्ते संवत्सरे द्वौ द्वौ मासौ समाहितः आचार्यकुले वसेद्भूयः
   श्रुतमिच्छन्निति श्वेतकेतुः । एतेन ह्यहं योगेन भूयः पूर्वस्माच्छ्रुतमकरव-
   मिति । तच्छास्त्रैर्विप्रतिषिद्धम् । निवेशे हि वृत्ते नैयमिकानि श्रूयन्ते ।
   Ā. D. S., I. 1. 2. 12.