प्राचीन भारत में शिक्षा (डॉ. ए.एस. अल्तेकर - गुरुकुल एवं बौद्ध विहार शिक्षण इतिहास)

226 EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA [Ch.
second section will provide a bird's eye view of the
general condition of education in the successive
periods of Indian history.
SECTION A.
BUDDHISM AND ANCIENT INDIAN
EDUCATION
No Fundamental Difference : There was no
fundamental difference between Hindus and Buddhists
as far as the general educational theory or practice
was concerned. It was the fundamental tenet of
Buddhism that the world is full of sorrow and that
the salvation can be obtained only by renouncing it.
In the beginning therefore it naturally concerned
itself only with the education of novices and monks.
When however in the course of time it took up the
education of the laity also, its educational system
did not present any important points of difference
from those of Hinduism. Both systems had similar
ideals and followed similar methods. This must have
become quite clear to the reader from the previous
chapters and will become clearer still from this section.
We shall first however say a few words about the
ordination ceremony.
Ordination Ceremony : The wise injunction of
the Buddha, that every novice should be properly
trained in the discipline and doctrine of the religion,
was primarily responsible for the educational
developments in and activities of Buddhist monasteries.
Two ceremonies were laid down for those who desired
to enter the Order, the Pabbajjā and the Upasampadā.
The Pabbajjā marked the beginning of the noviciate
period and could be given when a person was not