बृहत्संहिता (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - स्थापत्य, खगोल, मौसम व जल विज्ञान)

422 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 2, 3.
historical value with Brahman, Viswakarman, Vasudeva. In the
opening stanzas of the विश्वक, we find,
यदुक्तं शम्भुना पूर्वं वास्तुशास्त्रं पुरातनम् ॥
पराशरः प्राह बृहद्रथाय बृहद्रथः प्राह च विश्वकर्मणे ।
स विश्वकर्मा जगतां हिताय प्रोवाच शास्त्रं बहुभेदयुक्तम् ॥
विश्वकर्मोवाच ।
वास्तुशास्त्रं प्रवक्ष्यामि लोकानां हितकाम्यया ।
The Viswak seems to be a compilation, for most of the pas-
sages quoted by Utpala, either from what he terms किरणाख्यतन्त्र
or from Garga, from Brihaspati, Viswakarman himself, Kasyapa
etc., recur in the Viswak, a copy of which is in the translator's
possession."
किमपि किल भूतमभवद्रुन्धानं रोदसी शरीरेण ।
तदमरगणेन सहसा विनिगृह्याधोमुखं न्यस्तम् ॥२॥
यत्र च येन गृहीतं विबुधेनाधिष्ठितः स तत्रैव ।
तदमरमयं विधाता वास्तुनरं कल्पयामास ॥३॥
Slokas 2-3—There was, it is said, some Being that
obstructed the Earth and the Sky with its body. That
was suddenly caught hold of and placed topsy-turvy by
the multitude of Gods, who became the presiding deities
of the several limbs of the Being that were touched by
them. The creator ordained that Being to be the House-
God of the nature of Gods.
तथा च बृहस्पतिः ।
पुरा कृतयुगे ह्यासीन्महद्भूतं समुत्थितम् ।
व्याप्यमानं शरीरेण सकलं भुवनं ततः ॥
तद्दृष्ट्वा विस्मयं देवा गताः सेन्द्रा भयावृताः ।
ततस्तैः क्रोधसन्तप्तैर्गृहीत्वा तमथासुरम् ॥
विनिक्षिप्तमधोवक्त्रं स्थितास्तत्रैव ते सुराः ।
तमेव वास्तुपुरुषं ब्रह्मा समभिकल्पयेत् ॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 4-7.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 423
उत्तममष्टाभ्यधिकं हस्तशतं नृपगृहं पृथुत्वेन ।
अष्टाष्टोनान्येवं पञ्च सपादानि दैर्घ्येण ॥४॥
Sloka 4.—The King's house is one of five kinds.
The best of them is 108 cubits in width and the other
four are 100, 92, 84, and 76 cubits respectively. Their
length is greater than the breadth by a quarter (i. e.,
135, 125, 115, 105 and 95).
तथा च काश्यपः ।
अष्टोत्तरं हस्तशतं विस्तारान्नृपमन्दिरम् ।
कार्यं प्रधानमन्यानि तथाष्टाष्टोनितानि तु ॥
विस्तारं पादसंयुक्तं दैर्घ्यं तेषां प्रकल्पयेत् ।
एवं पञ्च नृपः कुर्याद्गृहाणां च पृथक् पृथक् ॥
षड्भिः षड्भिर्हीना सेनापतिसद्मनां चतुःषष्टिः ।
एवं पञ्चगृहाणि षड्भागसमन्विता दैर्घ्यम् ॥५॥
Sloka 5. —The five houses of a commander-in-chief
are in order 64, 58, 52, 46 and 40 cubits in width, and
their length exceeds the breadth by a sixth.
षष्टिश्चतुश्चतुर्भिर्हीना वेश्मानि पञ्च सचिवस्य ।
स्वांशाष्टयुतो दैर्घ्यं तदर्धतो राजमहिषीणाम् ॥६॥
Sloka 6.—The houses of ministers are 60, 56, 52,
48 and 44 cubits in breadth and their length exceeds
their breadth by an eighth. The houses of queens have
half the dimensions of the above ones.
षड्भिः षड्भिश्चैवं युवराजस्यापवर्जिताऽशीतिः ।
त्र्यंशान्विता च दैर्घ्यं पञ्च तदधैस्तदनुजानाम् ॥७॥
Sloka 7.—The width of the houses of the Yuvaraja is
80, 74, 68, 62 and 56 cubits respectively and their length
exceeds the breadth by a third. The dimensions of the

424 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 8-11.
houses of the younger princes are half of those of the
Yuvaraja's.
नृपसचिवान्तरतुल्यं सामन्तप्रवरराजपुरुषाणाम् ।
नृपयुवराजविशेषः कञ्चुकिवेश्याकलाज्ञानाम् ॥८॥
Sloka 8.—The measure for the houses of feudatory
chiefs, nobles and king's officers is equal to the differ-
ence between the measurements of King's houses and
those of the minister's. The dimensions of the houses of
chamberlains, courtesans and artistes are equal to the
difference between the measurements of the houses of
the King and the Yuvaraja.
अध्यक्षाधिकृतानां सर्वेषामेव कोशरतितुल्यम् ।
युवराजमन्त्रिविवरं कर्मान्ताध्यक्षदूतानाम् ॥९॥
Sloka 9.—The houses of all directors and officers
(of stables, elephant-yards, dairies, royal kitchens, etc.)
should be of the dimensions of treasure-houses and plea-
sure-houses ; the difference between the measurements of
the houses of Yuvaraja and minister gives the measure of
the houses of heads of industrial workshops and of envoys.
चत्वारिंशद्धीना चतुश्चतुर्भिस्तु पञ्च यावदिति ।
षड्भागयुता दैर्घ्यं दैवज्ञपुरोधसोर्भिषजः ॥१०॥
Sloka 10.—The five sorts of houses of royal astrolo-
gers, preceptors and physicians measure 40, 36, 32, 28,
and 24 cubits in breadth and their length exceeds the
breadth by a sixth.
वास्तुनि यो विस्तारः स एव चोच्छ्रायनिश्चयः शुभदः ।
शालैकेषु गृहेष्वपि विस्ताराद्द्विगुणितं दैर्घ्यम् ॥११॥
Sloka 11.—It is auspicious for a house to have the
same height as its breadth. The length of houses con-
sisting of single halls should be double their breadth.

Adh. LIII. Sl. 12-14.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 425
तथा च काश्यपः
चतुःशालगृहेष्वेवमुच्छ्रायो व्याससम्मितः ।
विस्तारं द्विगुणं दैर्ध्यमेकशालयुकस्य च ॥
चातुर्वर्ण्यव्यासो द्वात्रिंशत् सा चतुश्चतुर्हीना ।
आषोडशादितिपरं न्यूनतरमतीव हीनानाम् ॥१२॥
सदशांशं विप्राणां क्षत्रस्याष्टांशसंयुतं दैर्घ्यम् ।
षड्भागयुतं वैश्यस्य भवति शूद्रस्य पादयुतम् ॥१३॥
Slokas 12-13 —The breadth of the houses of Brah-
mins and other four classes range from 32 cubits to 16,
each being diminished by 4; i. e., Brahmins have five
houses with the above measurements ; Kshatriyas have
four with 28, 24, 20 and 16 cubits for their breadth ;
Vaisyas, three with 24, 20 and 16 and Sudras two with
20 and 16. The lowest class of people (Pariahs, etc.)
must have houses with smaller dimensions than these.
The length of the houses of the four classes exceeds the
breadth by a tenth, eighth, sixth and fourth respectively.
नृपसेनापतिगृहयोरन्तरमानेन कोशरतिभवने ।
सेनापतिचातुर्वर्ण्यविवरतो राजपुरुषाणाम् ॥१४॥
Sloka 14.—The treasury and pleasure-house must
have the dimensions equal to the difference between
those of the King’s and Commander-in-Chief’s houses.
The measure for the houses of King’s officers is equal to
the difference between those of the houses of Comman-
der-in-chief and one of the four classes. That is, if an
officer belongs to the Brahmin class, the difference
referred to is one between the measure of the Command-
er-in-chief’s house and an ordinary Brahmin mentioned
in the previous two slokas; if the officer is a Kshatriya,
we have to subtract the measure for a Kshatriya’s house ;
बृ. सं. 54

426 वृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 15-17.
and so forth. [If it is a Kshatriya officer, he will have
four houses and the measure should be found out by
subtracting from that for the 2nd, etc. of the Commander-
in-Chief. Similarly in the case of officers belonging
to other classes.]
अथ पारशवादीनां स्वमानसंयोगदलसमं भवनम् ।
हीनाधिकं स्वमानादशुभकरं वास्तु सर्वेषाम् ॥१५॥
Sloka 15.—The houses of persons of mixed classes
viz., Parasavas, sons of Brahmins by Sudra women,
Bhurja Kantakas, sons of Brahmins by Vaisya women,
and Murdhavasiktas, sons of the same by Kshatriya
women, have a measure equal to a half of the sum of
the measures for a Brahmin's house and for the other
parent's. It is inauspicious for all to have houses which
either exceed or fall short of the given measurements.
The measure for the house of a Parasava is (32+20)/2 = 26
cubits in breadth.
पश्वाश्रमिणाममितं धान्यायुधवह्निरतिगृहाणां च ।
नेच्छन्ति शास्त्रकारा हस्तशतादुच्छ्रितं परतः ॥१६॥
Sloka 16.—There is no fixed measure for houses of
cattle, houses of ascetics, granaries, arsenals, houses of
sacred fire, and pleasure-houses; but the writers on this
science do not approve of a height of more than 100 cubits.
तथा च गर्गः
शतहस्तोच्छ्रितं कार्यं चतुःशालगृहं बुधैः ।
अपि तद्द्वेकशालं तु शुभदं तत्प्रकीर्तितम् ॥
सेनापतिनृपतीनां सप्ततिसहिते द्विधाकृते व्यासे ।
शाला चतुर्दशहृते पञ्चत्रिंशदुद्धृतेऽलिन्दः ॥१७॥
Sloka 17.—Add 70 to the measure for the houses of
the Commander-in-Chief and the King; keep this sum

Adh. LIII. Sl. 18-21.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 427
in two places, and divide one by 14 and the other by 35.
The two quotients give the measure, for the hall and
verandah respectively of the two.
हस्तद्वात्रिंशादिषु चतुश्चतुस्त्रित्रिकत्रिकाः शालाः ।
सप्तदशत्रितयतिथित्रयोदशकृताङ्गुलान्यधिकाः ॥१८॥
त्रित्रिद्विद्विसमाः क्षयक्रमादङ्गुलानि चैतेषाम् ।
व्येका विंशतिरष्टौ विंशतिरष्टादश त्रितयम् ॥१९॥
Slokas 18-19.— In the houses of Brahmins, etc.
which measure from 32 cubits, the halls should have a
breadth of 4 cubits 17 digits, 4 cubits 3 digits, 3 cubits
15 digits, and 3 cubits 13 digits respectively. The
verandahs of the above are in order, 3 cubits 19 digits, 3
cubits 8 digits ; 2 cubits 20 digits, 2 cubits 18 digits and
2 cubits 3 digits.
.शालात्रिभागतुल्या कर्तव्या वीथिका बहिर्भवनात् ।
यद्यग्रतो भवति सा सोष्णीषं नाम तद्वास्तु ॥२०॥
सायाश्रयमिति पश्चात् सावष्टम्भं तु पार्श्वसंस्थितया ।
सुस्थितमिति च समन्ताच्छास्त्रज्ञैः पूजिताः सर्वाः ॥२१॥
Slokas 20-21.—Outside the house there should be
made a foot-path whose breadth is a third of the hall.
If the path is in front (to the east) of the house, the
latter is termed “Soshneesha,”one with a turban. If
it is behind (to the west of) the house, it is called Saya-
sraya one with western or hind support; if it is on the sides,
it is termed Savashtambha one with proper support ; and if
it is all round the name of the house is Susthita, well-
fixed. All these types are approved by the authorities on
architecture.

428 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII Sl. 22-25.
विस्तारषोडशांशः सचतुर्हस्तो भवेद्गृहोच्छ्रायः ।
द्वादशभागेनोना भूमौ भूमौ समस्तानाम् ॥२२॥
Sloka 22.—The height of the first storey should be
a sixteenth of the width with an addition of four cubits.
The height of each of the following upper storeys is to be
lessened by one-twelfth of the preceding one.
So the height of the ground floor of the King's house is
108/16 + 4 = 6 3/4 + 4 or 10 cubits 18 digits.
व्यासात् षोडशभागः सर्वेषां सद्मनां भवति भित्तिः ।
पक्केष्टकाकृतानां दारुकृतानां तु न विकल्पः ॥२३॥
Sloka 23.—The wall of all houses made of burnt
bricks should be a sixteenth part of their breadth. There
is no restriction regarding the houses made of wood.
तथा च गर्गः
विस्तारषोडशांशेन गृहभित्तिं प्रकल्पयेत् ।
हीनाधिका न कर्तव्या गृहभर्तुर्न शोभना ॥
एकादशभागयुतः सप्ततिर्नृपबलेशयोर्व्यासः ।
उच्छ्रायोऽङ्गुलतुल्यो द्वारस्यार्धेन विष्कम्भः ॥२४॥
Sloka 24.—The breadth of the houses of kings,
commanders (and others) is to be increased by an ele-
venth and 70 added. This number will give the height
of the doors in digits, and a half of that, their width.
विप्रादीनां व्यासात् पञ्चांशोऽष्टादशाङ्गुलसमेतः ।
साष्टांशो विष्कम्भो द्वारस्य त्रिगुण उच्छ्रायः ॥२५॥
Sloka 25.—In the case of Brahmins, etc., the num-
ber denoting the breadth in cubits should be taken as that
of digits and that increased by 18. To this should be.

Adh: LIII. Sl. 26-28.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 429
added an eighth part of itself. That will give the width
of the door; and thrice this will be its height.
The width of Brahmin house is 32 cubits. ²⁴⁄₄ is 6. This is
to be taken as 6 digits. Add 18. i. e., 6+18 = 24 digits.
24+ ⅛ of 24 = 27 digits. This is its breadth and 27 × 3 = 81
digits, its height.
उच्छ्रायहस्तसंख्यापरिमाणान्यङ्गुलानि बाहुल्यम् ।
शाखाद्वयेऽपि कार्यं सार्धं तत् स्यादुदुम्बरयोः ॥२६॥
उच्छायात्सप्तगुणादशीतिभागः पृथुत्वमेतेषाम् ।
नवगुणितेऽशीत्यंशः स्तम्भस्य दशांशहीनोऽग्रे ॥२७॥
Slokas 26-27.—The thickness of the two side-frames
of the door is as many digits as the height numbers
cubits. One and a half times this gives the thickness of
the threshold and the upper-block. The breadth of all
the four pieces is an eightieth part of seven times the
door-height. An eightieth part of nine times the height
(of a storey) gives the width of a pillar at the bottom;
and the same lessened by a tenth is its width at the top.
A pillar of the ground floor in a King's house will
have a width of about 1 cubit and 5 digits at the bottom
and about 1 cubit and 2 digits at the top. Its circum-
ference is thrice the width.
समचतुरस्रो रुचको वज्रोऽष्टाश्रिर्द्विवज्रको द्विगुणः ।
द्वात्रिंशता तु मध्ये प्रलीनको वृत्त इति वृत्तः ॥२८॥
Sloka 28.—A pillar that is perfectly square in the
middle (leaving off the two ends) is called Ruchaka;
one that is octagonal, a Diamond; one with sixteen
angles (or sides), a double Diamond; one with 32 sides,
Praleenaka; and a round one is called a cylinder.

430. बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh, LIII. Sl. 29-32.
     स्तम्भं विभज्य नवधा वहनं भागो घटोऽस्य भागोऽन्यः ।
     पद्मं तथोत्तरोष्ठं कुर्याद्भागेन भागेन ॥२९॥
     Sloka 29.—When the whole pillar is divided into
     nine equal parts, the first two parts will belong to the
     bottom and the last two to the top. Designs and artistic
     figures can be made in these parts. The lowest part is
     called the Support; the second, the Pot; the eighth,
     the Lotus and the topmost, the Upper Lip.
     These names must be significant.
     स्तम्भसमं बाहुल्यं भारतुलानामुपर्युपर्यासाम् ।
     भवति तुलोपतुलानामूनं पादेन पादेन ॥३०॥
     Sloka 30.—The thickness of the chief beam is
     equal to that of the pillar; above these are beams and
     minor beams, and their thickness is lessened by a quar-
     ter of the immediately preceding one.
     अप्रतिषिद्धालिन्दं समन्ततो वास्तु सर्वतोभद्रम् ।
     नृपविबुधसमूहानां कार्यं द्वारैश्चतुर्भिरपि ॥३१॥
     Sloka 31.—A house with an unbroken verandah
     all round is termed Sarvatobhadra (all round good). This
     kind of house with four doors is auspicious for Kings and
     Gods.
     तथा च गर्गः
     अलिन्दानां व्यवच्छेदो नास्ति यत्र समन्ततः ।
     तद्वास्तु सर्वतोभद्रं चतुर्द्वारसमायुतम् ॥
     नन्द्यावर्तमलिन्दैः शालाकुड्यात् प्रदक्षिणान्तगतैः ।
     द्वारं पश्चिममस्मिन् विहाय शेषाणि कार्याणि ॥३२॥
     Sloka 32.—A house which has verandahs starting
     from the wall of the hall and going to its extremity from
     left to right is termed Nandyavarta, which should have
     only three entrances leaving off the western one.

Adh. LIII. Śl. 33-35.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 431
तथा च गर्गः
प्रदक्षिणां गतैः सर्वैः शालाभित्तेरालिन्दकैः ।
विना परेण द्वारेण नन्द्यावर्तमिति स्मृतम् ॥
द्वारालिन्दोऽन्तगतः प्रदक्षिणोऽन्यः शुभस्ततश्चान्यः ।
तस्मिंश्च वर्धमाने द्वारं तु न दक्षिणं कार्यम् ॥३३॥
Sloka 33.—The front verandah of the main build-
ing should extend from the left hall to the right hall.
Another verandah is made thence from left to right and
still another beautiful one from there in the same man-
ner. A building with such verandahs is known as Var-
dhamana, which should not have an entrance in the
south.
तथा च गर्गः
द्वारालिन्द्रोऽन्तगस्तेषां ये त्रयो दक्षिणां गताः ।
विहाय दक्षिणं द्वारं वर्धमानमिति स्मृतम् ॥
अपरोऽन्तगतोऽलिन्दः प्रागन्तगतौ तदुत्थितौ चान्यौ ।
तदवधिविधृतश्चान्यः प्राग्द्वारं स्वस्तिके शुभदम् ॥३४॥
Sloka 34 —In the Swastika mansion, the western
verandah should extend from the left hall to the right
one; the other two verandahs (southern and northern)
originating from the above should touch the end in the
east, and a fourth one (the eastern) is held between them.
Such a mansion with an eastern entrance is favourable.
तथा च गर्गः
पश्चिमोऽन्तगतोऽलिन्दः प्रागन्तौ द्वौ तदुत्थितौ ।
अन्यस्तन्मध्यविधृतः प्राग्द्वारं स्वस्तिकं शुभम् ॥
प्राक्पश्चिमावलिन्दावन्तगतौ तदवधिस्थितौ शेषौ ।
रुचके द्वारं न शुभदमुत्तरतोऽन्यानि शस्तानि ॥३५॥
Sloka 35.—In the Ruchaka type of building, there
are two verandahs touching the ends, in the east

432 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 36-41.
and west; and touching these two internally, there are
two more. In this a northern entrance is not auspicious;
while in the other quarters they are good.
तथा च गर्गः
प्राक्पश्चिमावलिन्दौ यावन्तर्गौ तद्गवै परौ ।
सौम्यं द्वारं विना यस्याद्रुचकाख्यं तु तत्स्मृतम् ॥
श्रेष्ठं नन्द्यावर्तं सर्वेषां वर्धमानसञ्ज्ञं च ।
स्वस्तिकरुचके मध्ये शेषं शुभदं नृपादीनाम् ॥३६॥
Sloka 36.—The Nandyavarta and Vardhamana
types of houses are best suited to people of all classes;
Swastika and Ruchaka are moderate, and the rest are
good for kings, ministers, etc.
उत्तरशालाहीनं हिरण्यनाभं त्रिशालकं धन्यम् ।
प्राक्शालया वियुक्तं सुक्षेत्रं वृद्धिकं वास्तु ॥३७॥
याम्याहीनं चुल्ली त्रिशालकं वित्तनाशकरमेतत् ।
पक्षघ्नमपरया वर्जितं सुतध्वंसवैरकरम् ॥३८॥
Slokas 37-38.—A three-halled building, lacking the
northern hall, is known as Hiranyanabha and indicates
good luck; similarly, one without the eastern hall
known as Sukshetra conduces to prosperity; one with-
out the southern hall known as Chulli destroys wealth;
and one without the western hall called Pakshaghna
causes hatred and the destruction of children.
सिद्धार्थमपरयाम्ये यमसूर्य पश्चिमोत्तरे शाले ।
दण्डाख्यमुदकपूर्वे वाताख्यं प्राग्युता याम्या ॥३९॥
पूर्वापरे तु शाले गृहचुल्ली दक्षिणोत्तरे काचम् ।
सिद्धार्थेऽर्थावाप्तिर्यमसूर्ये गृहपतेर्मृत्युः ॥४०॥
दण्डवधो दण्डाख्ये कलहोद्वेगः सदैव वाताख्ये ।
वित्तविनाशश्चुल्ल्यां ज्ञातिविरोधः स्मृतः काचे ॥४१॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 39-41.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 433
Slokas 39-41.—A house with only a western and
a southern hall is termed Siddhartha; one with a western
and a northern hall, Yamasurya; one with a northern
and an eastern hall, Danda; one with an eastern and
a southern hall, Vata; one with an eastern and a west-
ern one, Graha-Chulli; and one with a southern and a
northern one, Kacha The first kind of house leads to
the acquisition of wealth; the second, to the death of
the house-holder; the third, to punishment and death;
the fourth, to grief from quarrel; the fifth, to loss of
money; and the sixth, to hatred among kinsmen.
There are many writers on architecture such as Viswakarman,
Maya, Kama and Hiranyagarbha. The last one mentions 64 or
120 varieties of houses. Great kings can have mansions of 8½
storeys; Brahmins, of 7½; Kshatriyas, of 6½; Vaisyas, of 5½;
and Sudras, of 3½. The height of Sudra's house ought not to
exceed 20 moderate cubits; that of Vaisya's, 40 cubits; that of
Kshatriya's, 60 cubits; that of Brahmin's, 80 cubits; and that of
king's, 100 cubits. The last is the maximum limit for the height
of human habitations.
According to the same authority, the height of the founda-
tions of best houses is to be 2½ cubits.
There is restriction regarding the height of the storeys of
buildings with two, three and four halls. In a house of a single
hall, the height is equal to its breadth.
According to another authority, viz Sakra, the width of single-
halled houses is not restricted; but it should not exceed the
length. Should it exceed the length, such houses would be called
Utsargas. But single-halled houses are not prescribed for Brah-
mins, etc. Such houses are not conducive to longevity, but if
made of straw, they can be permitted (Garga).
Viswakarman speaks of three kinds of digits, viz., major,
moderate and minor. The first is the length of eight of full-
grown barley grains; the second, of seven; and the third, of six.
बृ. सं. 55

434 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 42-43.
They are respectively called Prasaya, Sadharana, and Sama.
It appears our author refers here to the last kind of digit. Viswa-
karman opines that in the construction of houses, etc., the first
kind of digit should be adopted; of beds, eating plates, vehicles,
etc., the last variety.
The combination of old and new bricks, baked and raw ones,
etc., is forbidden. But Hiranyagarbha says : if necessary, raw
bricks should be used below, and then baked ones. Maya objects
to this and states :—There are five things to be done for houses ;
viz., Katima, Granthima, Dayima, Ripima and Khatima. Hiranya-
garbha says : There are different kinds of houses according to
the materials used in the construction. One built of stone is
called Mandira ; of baked bricks, Vastu ; this is the best ; of
raw bricks, Sumanta ; of mud, Sudhara ; of wooden logs, Mana-
sya ; of bamboos, Nandana ; of canvas for kings, Vijaya ; of vari-
eties of straw, Kalima.
For house-holders the best houses are those made of gold,
silver, copper and iron. They are respectively called Pushkara,
Sribhava, Suryamanta and Chanda. There are also four other
varieties, viz., those made of lac, Anila, tin and Varibandhaka
(वारिबन्धक). Thus there are fourteen varieties of houses in all
categories.
एकाशीतिविभागे दश दश पूर्वोत्तरायता रेखाः।
अन्तस्त्रयोदश सुरा द्वात्रिंशद्वाह्यकोष्ठस्थाः ॥४२॥
Sloka 42.—In order to divide the ground-plan of
a house into 81 squares, draw ten lines from east to
west and ten others from north to south. Inside the
diagram, thirteen deities are situated, and thirty two in
the outer compartments. Thus, there are 45 deities in
this figure. (p. 436)
शिखिपर्जन्यजयन्तेन्द्रसूर्यसत्या भृशोऽन्तरिक्षश्च ।
ऐशान्यादिक्रमशो दक्षिणपूर्वेऽनिलः कोणे ॥४३॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 44-48.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 435.
पूषा वितथबृहत्क्षतयमगन्धर्वाख्यभृङ्गराजमृगाः ।
पितृदौवारिकसुग्रीवकुसुमदन्ताम्बुपत्यसुराः ॥४४॥
शोषोऽथ पापयक्ष्मा रोगः कोणे ततोऽहिमुख्यौ च ।
भल्लाटसोमभुजगास्ततोऽदितिर्दितिरिति क्रमशः ॥४५॥
Slokas 43-45.—The deities situated in the outer
compartments beginning with the north-eastern corner
and ending with the south-eastern are :—Sikhi, Parjanya,
Jayanta, Indra, Surya, Satya, Bhrisa, Antariksha and
Anila. Then follow from South-east to South-west,
thence to north-west and thence to north-east, Pushan,
Vitatha, Brihatkshata, Yama, Gandharva, Bhringaraja,
Mriga, Pitru, Dauvarika, Sugriva, Kusumadanta, Varuna,
Asura, Sosha, Papayakshma, Roga, Ahi, Mukhya, Bhal-
lata, Soma, Bhujaga, Aditi, and Diti, thus 32 in all.
मध्ये ब्रह्मा नवकोष्ठकाधिपोऽस्यार्यमा स्थितः प्राच्याम् ।
• एकान्तरात् प्रदक्षिणमस्मात् सविता विवस्वांश्च ॥४६॥
विबुधाधिपतिस्तस्मान्मित्रोऽन्यो राजयक्ष्मनामा च ।
पृथिवीधरापवत्सावित्येते ब्रह्मणः परिधौ ॥४७॥
आपो नामैशाने कोणे हौताशने च सावित्रः ।
जय इति च नैर्ऋते रुद्र आनिलेऽभ्यन्तरपदेषु ॥४८॥
Slokas 46-48.—In the centre, there is Brahman occu-
pying nine divisions; to his east, there is Aryaman (in 3
squares); next and to the right of Aryaman, at
the interval of one compartment, there is Savita in a
single square; next to him to the right is Vivaswan;
next to him is Indra; then going up, i. e., to the west
of Brahman there are Mitra (in 3) and Raja Yakshma;
then turning to the east, there is Prithvi Dhara (in 3) and
Apavatsa. Thus, these eight are along the circumfe-

बृहत्संहितायाम्
उदीची
रोग | अहि | मुख्य | भल्लाट | सोम | भुजङ्ग | अदिति | दिति | अग्नि, शिखी
पापयक्ष्मा | रुद्र | आपः | पर्जन्य
शोष | राजयक्ष्मा | पृथिवीधर | आपवत्स | जयन्त
असुर | इन्द्र
प्रतीची | वरुण | मित्र | ब्रह्मा | अर्यमा | सूर्य | प्राची
कुसुमदन्त | सत्य
सुग्रीव | इन्द्र | विवस्वान् | सविता | भृश
दौवारिक | जय | सावित्र | अन्तरिक्ष
पितृ | मृग | भृङ्गराज | गन्धर्व | यम | बृहत्क्षत | वितथ | पूषन् | अनिल
दक्षिणा
आपस्तथापवत्सः पर्जन्योऽग्निर्दितिश्च वर्गोऽयम् ।
एवं कोणे कोणे पदिकाः स्युः पञ्च पञ्च सुराः ॥४९॥
बाह्या द्विपदाः शेषास्ते विबुधा विंशतिः समाख्याताः ।
शेषाश्चत्वारोऽन्ये त्रिपदा दिक्श्वर्यमाद्यास्ते ॥५०॥

Adh. LIII. Sl. 51-54.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 437
each power over two squares. The remaining 4 deities
headed by Aryaman have jurisdiction over three squares
each in the four quarters.
So in each corner there are five deities ruling over single
squares. Savita, Savitra, Anila, Antariksha and Pushan in the
South-east; Vibudhadhipathi, Jaya, Dauvarika, Pitru and Mriga
in South-west; and Rajayakshma, Rudra, Papayakshma, Roga and
Ahi in North-west. Twenty deities exercise authority over two
squares each; in the east, Jayanta, Indra, Surya, Satya and
Bhrisa; in the south Vitatha, Brihatkshata, Yama, Gandharva
and Bhringaraja; in the west, Sugriva, Kusumadanta, Ambu-
pati, Asura and Sosha; and in the north, Mukhya, Bhallata,
Soma, Bhujaga and Aditi. The remaining four, viz., Aryaman,
Vivasvan, Mitra and Prithvidhara in the four quarters beginning
with the east (with reference to Brahman) preside over three
squares each.
पूर्वोत्तरदिङ्‌मूर्धा पुरुषोऽयमवाङ्मुखोऽस्य शिरसि शिखी ।
आपो मुखे स्तनेऽस्यार्यमा ह्युरस्यापवत्सश्च ॥५१॥
पर्जन्याद्या बाह्या दृक्छ्रवणोरःस्थलांसगा देवाः ।
सत्याद्याः पञ्च भुजे हस्ते सविता च सावित्रः ॥५२॥
वितथो बृहतक्षतयुतः पार्श्वे जठरे स्थितो विवस्वांश्च ।
ऊरू जानु च जङ्घे स्फिगिति यमाद्यैः परिगृहीताः ॥५३॥
एते दक्षिणपार्श्वे स्थानेष्वेवं च वामपार्श्वस्थाः ।
मेढे शक्रजयन्तौ हृदये ब्रह्मा पिताऽङ्घ्रिगतः ॥५४॥
Slokas 51-54.—This House-God has his head
turned towards the north-east and face hung down.
Agni is situated on his head; Apa, on the face; Aryaman,
on the breast; Apavatsa, on the chest; Parjanya, Jayanta,
Indra and Surya of outer compartments, on the eye, ear,
chest and shoulder respectively; Satya, Bhrisa, Anta-
riksha, Anila and Pushan, on the arm; Savita and

438 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 55-56.
Savitra on the hand ; Vitatha and Brihatkshata, on the
side ; Vivasvan, on the stomach ; Yama, Gandharva,
Bhringaraja and Mriga on the thigh, knee, shank and
buttock respectively. The above deities are situated in
the parts on the right side of the House-God. Simi-
larly, there are deities on the left side, i. e., Prithvidhara,
on the left breast ; Diti, on the left eye ; Aditi, on the
left ear ; Bhujaga on the left side of the chest ; Soma,
on the left shoulder ; Bhallata, Mukhya, Ahi, Roga and
Papayakshma, on the left arm ; Rudra and Rajayakshma,
on the left hand ; Sosha and Asura, on the left side ;
Varuna, on the left thigh ; Kusumadanta, on the left knee;
Sugriva, on the left shank ; Dauvarika, on the left
buttock ; Sakra and Jayanta, on the genital organ ;
Brahman, on the heart, and Pita, on the foot.
अष्टाष्टकपदमथवा कृत्वा रेखाश्च कोणगास्तिर्यक् ।
ब्रह्मा चतुष्पदोऽस्मिन्नर्धपदा ब्रह्मकोणस्थाः ॥५५॥
अष्टौ च बहिष्कोणेष्वर्धपदास्तदुभयस्थिताः सार्धाः ।
उक्तेभ्यो ये शेषास्ते द्विपदा विंशतिस्ते हि ॥५६॥
Slokas 55-56.—Or, drawing nine lines across and
nine vertically and thus getting 64 squares, diagonals
should be drawn from corner to corner. Of this area,
Brahman rules over the central four squares ; and the
eight deities situated along the diagonals in the corners
near him over half a square (viz., Apa, Apavatsa, Savita,
Savitra, Vibudhadhipati, Jayanta, Rajayakshma and
Rudra) ; in the outer corners, Sikhi, Antariksha, Anila,
Mriga, Pitru. Papayakshma, Roga and Diti, over half
a square ; those that are on both sides of these, over
one and a half squares (Parjanya, Bhrisa, Bhringa-
raja, Dauvarika, Sosha and Nagadhipathi, i. e., Ahi) ;
and the remaining twenty, over two squares.

Adh. LIII. Sl. 57.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 439
Though the author speaks of only quadrangular houses here,
elsewhere, he speaks of hexangular, octangular, circular, etc.
houses).
[चित्र विवरण / Diagram Details:
Directions: NORTH (Top), EAST (Right), SOUTH (Bottom), WEST (Left)
Outer / Inner Cells:
ROGA / PAPAYAKSHMA, AHI, MUKHYA, BHALLATA, SOMA, BHUJAGA, ADITI, DITI / SIKHI,
PARJANYA, JAYANTA, INDRA, SURYA, SATHYA, BRISA, ANTARIKSHA / ANILA,
PUSHAN, VITATHA, BRIHATKSHATA, YAMA, GANDHARVA, BHRINGARAJA, PITRU / MRIGA,
DAUVARIKA, SUGRIVA, KUSUMADANTA, VARUNA, ASURA, SOSHA,
Diagonals / Inner Deities: RUDRA / RAJAYAKSHMA, APAHA / APAVATSA, SAVITA / SAVITRA, JAYANTA / INDRA,
Inner Ring: PRITHVIDHARA, ARYAMAN, VIVASWAN, MITRA,
Center: ब्रह्मा / BRAHMA]
सम्पाता वंशानां मध्यानि समानि यानि च पदानाम् ।
मर्माणि तानि विन्द्यान्न तानि परिपीडयेत्प्राज्ञः ॥५७॥
Sloka 57.—The meeting points of the longer dia-
gonals and the exact middle points of the squares should
be considered as the vulnerable points which a wise man
ought not to hurt.
Utpala seems to have written a work on architecture; for he
says:
तथा चास्मदीयवास्तुविद्यायाम् ।
रोगाद्वायुं नयेत्सूत्रं पितृतोऽथ हुताशनम् ।
एतत्सूत्रद्वयं प्रोक्तं मुनिभिर्वंशसंज्ञितम् ॥

440 बृहत्संहितायाम् [Adh. LIII. Sl. 58-62.
वितथाच्छोषकं चाम्यदद्भृशं मुख्यस्तथा नयेत् ।
जयन्ताद्भृङ्गराजाह्वयं सुग्रीवमदितेस्तथा ॥
एतच्चतुष्टयं प्रोक्तं रज्जुसंज्ञं मनीषिभिः ।
तान्यशुचिभाण्डकीलस्तम्भाद्यैः पीडितानि शल्यैश्च ।
गृहभर्तुस्तत्तुल्ये पीडामङ्गे प्रयच्छन्ति ॥५८॥
Sloka 58.—If the above vulnerable points be hurt by
impure materials, nails, pillars, pegs, etc., they would
give trouble to the owner of the house in the correspond-
ing limbs of his body.
कण्डूयते यदङ्गं गृहभर्तुर्यत्र वाऽमराहुत्याम् ।
अशुभं भवेन्निमित्तं विकृतेर्वाग्नेः सशल्यं तत् ॥५९॥
Sloka 59.—If, at the time of a query, the house-
owner scratches a limb, there will be some hurt in the
corresponding part of the house. Or at the time of fire-
worship, if there is any evil omen or unnatural behaviour
of the fire in any particular aspect of it, the correspond-
ing limb of the House-God will be faulty through a nail
or peg.
धनहानिर्दारुमये पशुपीड़ा रुम्भयानि चास्थिकृते ।
[लोहमये शस्त्रमयं कपालकेशेषु मृत्युः स्यात् ॥६०॥
अङ्गारे स्तेनभयं भस्मनि च विनिर्देशेत्सदाऽग्निभयम् ।
शल्यं हि मर्मसंस्थं सुवर्णरजतादृतेऽत्यशुभम् ॥६१॥
मर्मण्यमर्मगो वा निरुणद्ध्यार्थागमं तुषसमूहः ।]
अपि नागदन्तको मर्मसंस्थितो दोषकृद्भवति ॥६२॥
. Slokas 60-62.—If the thorn is wooden, the owne
will sustain loss of wealth; if it is made of bone, the
will be trouble to his cattle and danger from disease
[if it be of metal, there will be danger from weapor

Adh. LIII. Sl. 63-66.] त्रिपञ्चाशोऽध्यायः 441
and if it be skulls or hair, there will be death. If it be char-
coal, there is danger from thieves; if it be ashes, there
will be constant risk from fire. The dart, unless it be of
gold or silver, will prove disastrous on a vulnerable point.
A heap of husk or chaff whether found in a vulnerable
spot or any other, retards the acquisition of wealth;]
even an ivory peg situated in a vulnerable part will lead
to misery.
The portion in square brackets is omitted in some editions.
रोगाद्वायुं पितृतो हुताशनं शोषसूत्रमपि वितथात् ।
मुख्याद्भृशं जयन्ताच्च भृङ्गमदितेश्च सुग्रीवम् ॥६३॥
तत्सम्पाता नव ये तान्यतिमर्माणि सम्प्रदिष्टानि ।
यश्च पदस्याष्टांशस्तत् प्रोक्तं मर्मपरिमाणम् ॥६४॥
Slokas 63-64.—The nine points of intersection of
the lines connecting Roga and Anila, Pitru and Anila,
Sosha and Vitatha, Mukhya and Bhrisa, Jayanta and
Bhringa, and Aditi and Sugriva are considered to be the
most vulnerable parts. The measure of the vulnerable
part is an eighth part of a square.
पदहस्तसंख्यया सम्मितानि वंशोऽङ्गुलानि विस्तीर्णः ।
वंशव्यासोऽध्यर्धः शिराप्रमाणं विनिर्दिष्टम् ॥६५॥
Sloka 65.—A diagonal has in breadth as many
digits as each square numbers cubits. The breadth of
a line (running east to west and north to south) is one
and a half times that of the diagonals.
सुखमिच्छन् ब्रह्माणं यत्नाद्रक्षेद्गृही गृहान्तःस्थम् ।
उच्छिष्टाद्युपघाताद्गृहपतिरुत्तप्यते तस्मिन् ॥६६॥
Sloka 66.—A house-owner wishing for happiness
should carefully guard Brahman situated in the middle of
बृ. सं. 56