कामिक आगम: पूर्व भाग (अष्टाविंशति मूल शैव आगमों का प्रथम एवं सर्वोच्च आगम महाकोश)

mukhya'ga'ram sabha'ga'ram s'a'la'sya'cca'n'kan.akriya'।
man.t'apam ca'gras'a'la'sthadvayam hitva' tu ku't'kam॥ 67
dvayam tatra prakartavyam su'ryaka'ntam idam matam।
vista're das'abha'ga'ssyu ra'ya'me dva'das'a'ms'akam॥ 68
dvyams'ena'yata di'rghe tu vibha'go vistarah punah।
an'kan.asya purah pr's''t'ha va'ram eka'ms'ato bhavet॥ 69
s'a'la'vya'so dvibha'gena sarvatra pariki'rtitah।
bahirvars''asthalam caika bha'gam bha'gena va'rakam॥ 70
If the same construction is modified so as to be bereft of top room and provided with frontal
hall associated with sabha-like construction, courtyard and mantapa, it becomes known as
“Vipula”.When a primary master room designed in the form of sabha or sala associated with
courtyard, mantapa and two rooms in addition to the 2 rostums already built is added to the
Vipula type of building, it becomes known as “Suryakanta”. With a width covering 10 parts
and a length covering 12 parts, another hall should be constructed. If the length is held to be
of 14 parts, then the measure of the width is to be ascertained in proportion to the length.
Corridor provided in the front and back side of the courtyard should be in one unit. The
width of additional structure should occupy 2 parts. A gutter should be provided in the
outside so as to cover one part. A protective wall whose measures are to be ascertained in
proportion to the gutter should be raised.
व्यासायामविशालेन तदर्धेन च निर्गमम्।
बहिर्वर्षस्थलाद्भद्रद्वयं भद्रान्वितं भवेत्॥ ७१
प्रतिलोमायते शाले द्विचतुर्व्यास दैर्घ्यके।
तयोर्मध्ये ऽनुलोमेन शालायाममिहेष्यते॥ ७२
बहिष्ठद्व्येक भागेनपार्श्विभ्यां निर्गमं भवेत्।
एकभागान्तरालेन सर्वाश्शालाः निवेशिताः॥ ७३
पूर्वस्मिन् पृष्ठदेशे तु विभागेनैव निर्गमम्।
मध्ये वारणमिष्टं स्यादुच्छ्रितं स्वामिवासकम्॥ ७४
अग्रहारं तु तद्गतस्यात्तत्संश्लिष्टे तु बाहुके।
जालकैस्तोरणैश्चैव नासिकाद्यैरलंङ्कृतम्॥ ७५
श्रीकान्तमेतदाख्यातं याग्यमैश्वर्यभोगिनाम्।

vya'sa'ya'ma vis'a'lena tadardhena ca nirgamam /
bahirvars:asthalad bhadradvayam bhadra'nvitam bhavet // 71
pratiloma'yate s'a'le dvicatur vya'sa dai'rghyake /
tayormadhye anulomena s'a'la'ya'mam ihes"yate // 72
bahis"t'ha dvyeka bha'gena pa'rs'va'bhya'm nirgamam bhavet /
ekabha'ga'ntara'lena sarva's's'a'la'h nives'ita'h // 73
pu'rvasmin pr's"t'ha des'e tu vibha'genaiva nirgamam /
madhye va'ra'n.am is"t'am sya'd ucchritam svamiva'sakam // 74
agraha'ram tu tadvat sya't tattatsams'lis"t'e tu ba'hyake /
ja'lakaistoran.ais'caiva na'sika'dyairalan'kr'tam // 75
s'ri'ka'ntam etad a'khya'tam yogyam ais'varyabhogina'm /
Projection should be half of the length and breadth. Adjacent to the gutter provided in the
outside, there should be two projections, each one associated with proportionated projected
moulding. In the middle of the series of buildings formed in a mixed order, there should be
a series of buildings set in a regular order, their breadth being 2 parts and the length being
4 parts. Projections should be provided in their sides occupying 2 parts and one part
available in the outside. All the buildings should be linked to the inner passage occupying one
part. For the main building of the Master, there should be projections in the front side and the
back side so as to occupy their proportionate measures. There should be a protective wall in
the middle, raised to the proportionate height. The first enclosure of the series of the buildings
should be designed in the same way and it should be well linked to the shouldering
apartments. They should be beautified with ornamental structures such as gargoyle, arcature,
vestibules and others. Such construction is called "Srikantam", fit for the affordable people
who are intent on various enjoyments of wealth and comforts.
तदेव मुख्यागारस्य शिखरं तु सभाकृति ॥ ७६
वारणैश्चावृतं ब्रह्माङ्गणस्थानं सभाकृति ।
पूर्वशालाग्र मूलस्थं कर्णकूटद्वयं भवेत् ।। ७७
शेषं तु वास्थलोपेतं रुद्रकान्तमिदं मतम् ।
मुख्यागारं तु गोष्ठाभं कोष्ठाग्रं त्वङ्गणं भवेत् ।। ७८
अग्रशालाङ्गके पार्श्वे कर्तव्ये कोष्ठकानने ।
तत्रैव पूर्वभागे तु कोष्ठकस्य द्विभागतः ।। ७९

विस्तारात्रिर्गमादेकभागं षण्मुखमीरितम्।
षण्नेत्रं स्यादिति ब्रह्माङ्गं कोष्ठाननेऽपि च ।। ८०
संत्यक्तशिखरं सर्वमण्टपाकारमिष्यते ।
जयन्तं नामतः प्रोक्तं सर्वालङ्कार संयुतम् ।। ८१
tadeva mukhya'ga'rasya s'ikharam tu sabha'kr'ti // 76
va'ran.ais'ca'vr'tam brahma'n'kan.astha'nam sabha'kr'ti /
pu'rva s'a'la'gra mu'lastham karn.ku't'a dvayam bhavet // 77
s'es"am tu va'rsthalopetam rudraka'ntam idam matam /
mukhya'ga'ram tu gos"t'ha'bham kos"t'a'gram tvan'kan.am bhavet //
agras'a'la'n'gake pa'rs've kartavye kos"t'aka'nane /
tatraiva pu'rvabha'ge tu kos"t'kasya dvibha'gatah // 79
vista'ra'nnirgama'd ekabha'gam s"an.mukham i'ritam /
s"an.n.etram sya'diti brahma'n'kanam kos"t'a'nane api ca // 80
samtyakta s'ikharam sarva man.t'apa'ka'ram is"yate /
jayantam na'matah proktam sarva'lan'ka'ra samyutam // 81
The same building could be modified with some additions and alterations. The roof-structure
should be in the form of sabha. It should be surrounded by protective walls. The central space
should be designed so as to be in the form of sabha. There should be 2 corner rostrums in the
front and the back side of the front building. All other consructions should be provided with
gutters. The building modified in this way is called "Rudrakanta". The principal building of
the master should be modified so as to appear like a cow stable. It should be provided with
a courtyard linked to the front side of the elongated hall. In the two sides of the front main
building, projections shoud be provided so as to occupy one part of the width of the elongated
hall covering 2 parts. The building modified in this way is called "Shanmukha". It is also
known as "Shannetra". The same building could be modified in such a way that it is bereft of
roof structure. It should be associated with a courtyard adjacent to the central space and
elongated four pillared hall furnished with facades. It should look like a 'sarva mantapa'. The
building modified in this way and beautified with all kinds of ornamental structure is called
"Jayanta".

विस्तारे मनुभागास्स्युरायामे षोडशांशकाः।
अङ्गणं तु चतुर्भागं शालाद्व्यंशेन बाह्यतः।। ८२
तद्वहिर्वारमेकांशं खण्डहर्म्यं तु बाह्यतः।
खण्डहर्म्याङ्गके बाह्ये वेदभागेन निर्मितम्।। ८३
चतुष्कूटं चतुष्कोणे चतुर्नासि समन्वितम्।
तयोर्मध्ये चतुर्द्व्यंशे चतुश्शालाः प्रकीर्तिताः।। ८४
कर्करीशिखरोपेता अग्रवारान्विता नव।
हारबन्धं यथास्थानं कामाङ्गणमुदीरितम्।। ८५
vista're manubha'ga'ssyura'ya'me s"od'as'a'ms'aka'h /
an'kan.am tu caturbha'gam s'a'la'dvyams'ena ba'hyatah // 82
tadbahirva'ram eka'ms'am khan.d'aharmyam tu ba'hyatah /
khan.d'aharmya'n'gake ba'hye vedabha'gena nirmitam // 83
catus"ku't'am catus"kon.e caturna'si samanvitam /
tayormadhye caturdvyams'e catus's'a'la'h praki'rtita'h // 84
karkari's'ikharopeta' agrava'ra'nvita' nava /
ha'rabandham yatha'stha'nam ka'ma'n'kan.am udi'ritam // 85
For another type of malika building, the width should be of 14 parts and the length, 16
parts.There should be a courtyard occupying 4 parts. Outside the building, 2 parts
should be left out free. Outside this free area, there should be a corridor occupying one
part. An engaged structure should be built outside the corridor. In all the four corners,
4 rostums should be provided so as to occupy 4 parts, outside the engaged structure. These
rostums should be provided with 4 facades. In between them, 4 buildings should be
constructed with a width covering 2 parts and a length covering 4 parts. The roof structures
should be such that their ridge beams are crossing at right angles. A frontal corridor should
be designed. Ornamental structures such as the band of chains(hara bandha) should be
provided in appropriate places. Such construction is called “Kamankana”.

एतदेवाङ्कणं भागत्रयेणायाम संयुतम्।
तेन वारं प्रकर्तव्यं मुख्यागारस्य चाग्रतः।। ८६
उर्ततुङ्गशिखरग्रीवं मुख्यागारं प्रकीर्तितम्।
शालास्यमङ्कणं च स्यात्कर्करीकृत वक्त्रकम्।। ८७
शेषं तु वास्थलं कुर्याद्वार बन्धान्त मौलिकम्।
भद्रेण भद्र संयुक्तं सुखदं स्वस्तिकं मतम्।। ८८
विस्तारे चायते चैव पूर्ववद्भाग संयुतम्।
द्विचतुर्भाग संयुक्तं अङ्कणं तस्य बाह्यतः।। ८९
वारमेकेन कर्तव्यं शालाव्यासो द्विभागतः।
बहिर्वारं अलिन्दं च खण्डहर्म्यं च भागशः।। ९०
etadeva'n'kan.am bha'gatrayen,aya'ma samyutam /
tena va'ram prakartavyam mukhya'ga'rasya ca'gratah // 86
uttun'ga s'ikhara gri'vam mukhya'ga'ram praki'rtitam /
s'a'la'syam an'kan.am ca sya't karkari'kr'ta vaktrakam // 87
s'es"am tu va'rsthalam kurya'd va'rabandha'nta maulikam /
bhadren.a bhadra samyuktam sukhadam svastikam matam // 88
vista're ca'yate caiva pu'rvavad bha'ga samyutam /
dvicaturbha'ga samyuktam an'kan.am tasya ba'hyatah // 89
va'ram ekena kartavyam s'a'la'vya'so dvibha'gatah /
bahirva'ram alindam ca khan.d'aharmyam ca bha'gas'ah // 90
The same building could be modified with some additions and alterations. Its courtyard
should be with a lemgth covering 3 parts. In front of the primary hall, there should be a
corridor, covering 3 parts. To the primary structure, top room should be added furnished
with a specific element called architrave, raised to full height. Halls and inner courtyard
should be designed properly. For them, gables should be designed in such a way that
their ridge beams are crossing at right angles. In the remaining part, gutter should be provided.
A special type of pavilion known as ‘maulika’ should be raised at the end of the inner
passage. The projected mouldings provided there should be joined together. This type of
modified structure is capable of yielding happiness and comforts to the indwellers. This
construction is called “Svastika”. To modify this in another way, the width and the length
should be kept with the measures said before. Outside this structure, there should be an

outer courtyard with a width covering 2 parts and a length covering 4 parts. Corridor
should be in one part. The width of the elongated side buildings should cover 2 parts.
Outer corrodor, verandah and engaged structure provided to this, should be with
appropriate measures.
शालाभागे चतुष्कोणे चतुष्कूटं तु कारयेत्।
चतुर्णामपि मध्ये तु कुर्याच्छाला चतुष्टयम् ।। ९१
अङ्गणं मण्टपाकारं यालातुङ्गाधिकोन्नतम्।
अन्तर्विन्यासवत्खण्डहर्म्यं तु परिकल्पयेत् ।। ९२
शालसमध्याननोपेतं चतुर्दिक्षु प्रकल्पयेत्।
अन्तरे पञ्जरान्कुर्यात्खण्डहर्म्ये विशेषतः।। ९३
गुह्ये गुह्ये क्रियोपेतं विश्वभद्रं भवेदिदम्।
द्विचतुर्भागविस्तारदैर्घ्यमङ्गणमिष्यते ।। ९४
अङ्गणावृत वारं तु नन्दिच्छन्दं प्रदक्षिणम्।
s'ala'bha'ge catus"kon.e cuts"ku't'am tu ka'rayet /
caturn.a'mapi madhye tu kurya'ccha'la catus"t'yam // 91
an'kan.am man.t'apa'ka'ram s'a'la'tun'ga'dhikonnatam /
antarvinya'savat khan.d'aharmyam tu parikalpayet // 92
s'a'la'samadhya'nanopetam caturdiks"u prakalpayet /
antare pan"jara'n kurya't khan.d'aharmyr vis'es"atah // 93
guhye guhye kriyopetam vis'vabhadram bahved idam /
dvicaturbha'ga vista'ra dairghyam an'kan.am is"yate // 94
an'kan.a'vr'ta va'ram tu nandicchandam pradaks"in.am /
In the allocated portions of the main building, four elongated small halls should be provided
in all the four corners. In the mid regions of these small halls,courtyard and pavilion should
be constructed. The sala should be with increased height. An engaged structure should be
designed in accordance with the arrangement of the inner halls. In all the four directions,
gables should be provided in the middle of the sala. In the elongated structure, loggia should
be designed in a specific pattern. The edifice should be furnished with ornamental workings
in the concealed parts. Such construction is known as “Visvabhadram”. The same building
could be modified so as to be with a courtyard havig a width of 2 parts and a length of 4 parts.

There should be a verandah around the inner courtyard. With this modification, it becomes
known as “'Nandicchanda” set in clockwise pattern(right handed pattern).
नन्द्यावर्त्ताननोपेतं कुर्याच्छाला चतुष्टयम्।।
समवंशं यथाकार्यं खण्डहर्म्यं तु कोणके ।। ९५
एकाङ्ग निर्गतच्छन्दं छन्दाकाराननान्वितम्।
शाला चतुष्टयं कुर्याच्छाला व्यासार्ध निर्गमम्।। ९६
द्विगुणायाम संयुक्तं मध्यवारणमिष्यते।
प्रासादवदलङ्कुर्यान्नन्द्यावर्तं द्विजोत्तमाः।। ९७
nandya'varta'nanopetam kurya'ccha'la' cuts"t'ayam//
samavams'am yatha' ka'ryam khan.d'aharmyam tu kon.ake// 95
eka'n'ga nirgatacchandam chanda'ka'ra'nana'nvitam/
s'a'la'catus"t'ayam kurya'c cha'la' vya'sa'rdha nirgamam// 96
dvigun.a'ya'm samyuktam madhyava'ran.am is"yate/
pra'sa'davad alan'kurya'n nandya'vartam dvijottama'h// 97
The same building could be modified so as to be with 4 inner rooms associated with facades
designed in the pattern of nandyavarta flower. In the elongated structure designed in the
corners, the ridge beams should be arranged evenly.In series, 4 halls should be
constructed.They should be provided with a specific type of pavilion called chanda with
one-pillared projection and with a gable in the form of chanda. There should be a median wall.
The halls should be beautified in the same way as a temple is beautified with ornamental
elements. O, Brahmins, such construction is known as “Nandyavarta”.
शाला चतुष्टयं कुर्यात्सभाकार शिरो यथा।
अङ्गणे मण्टपं कुर्यादुच्छ्रितं ततमीरितम्।। ९८
सौमुख्यमिदमाख्यातं सर्वेषां तु सुखावहम्।
सर्वं तु मण्टपाकारं शालानां परिकीर्तितम्।। ९९
शुकपञ्जर संयुक्तं बाह्ये वारादि पूर्ववत्।
रुचकं चेदमाख्यातं अन्यत्सर्वं तु पूर्ववत्।। १००

s'a'la'catus"t'ayam kurya't sabha'ka'ra s'iro yatha' /
an'kan.e man.t'apam kurya'ducchritam tatam i'ritam // 98
saumukhyam idam a'khya'tam sarves"a'm tu sukha'vaham /
sarvam tu man.t'pa'ka'ram s'a'la'na'm patiki'rtitam // 99
s'ukapan"jara samyuktam ba'hye va'ra'di pu'rvavat /
rucakam cedam a'khya'tam anyatsarvam tu pu'rvavat // 100
In an another pattern, 4 halls should be constructed provided with hipped roof. Inner courtyard
and well-raised mantapa should be provided. This type of building is called "Saumukhya". It
is capable of yielding all sorts of comfort to all people. Alternatively, all the halls may be
designed to be in the form of mantapa. They should be provided with windows designed in
the form of parrot-cage. Corridor, inner passage and such other constructions should be in the
outside, as explained before. This type of costruction is called "Rucaka". All other
constructional details are as said before.
विस्तारायाम मानेन समं स्याद्वारमङ्गणम्।
शालाव्यासोपि तद्वत्स्याद्वारादि त्रितयं ततः।। १०१
मण्टपं तु चतुर्दिक्षु काणे वेदसभान्वितम्।
शेषं तु वास्स्थलं कुर्यात्सुप्रतिष्ठितमीरितम्।। १०२
मुख्यागारं तु शालास्यमङ्गणं च यथा भवेत्।
अन्यद्वर्षस्थलं सर्वं नामतो जयमङ्गलम्।। १०३
अङ्गणं तु सभाकारं मुख्यागारं तु हर्म्यवत्।
कूटाकारं चतुर्दिक्षु मण्टपं परिकल्पयेत्।। १०४
अन्यत्सर्वं तु पूर्वोक्तं एतदद्भुतमिष्यते।
vista'ra'ya'ma ma'nena samam sya'd va'ram an'kan.am /
s'a'la'vya'sopi tadvat sya'dva'ra'di tritayam yatah // 101
man.t'apam tu caturdiks"u kon.e veda sabha'nvitam /
s'es"am tu va'rsthalam kurya't supratis"t'itam i'ritam // 102
mukhya'ga'ram tu s'a'la'syam an'kan.am ca yatha' bhavet /
anyadvars"asthalam sarvam na'mato jayaman'galam // 103
an'kan.am tu sabha'ka'ram mukhya'ga'ram tu harmyavat /

ku’t’ga’ram caturdiks”u man.t’apam parikalpayet || 104
anyatsarvam tu pu’rvoktam etad adbhtam is”yate /
The verandah and the courtyard should be having equal width and length. The width of
the hall should also be equal to that of the courtyards. Corridor, courtyard and mantapa – all
of these should be with equal measures. In all the four corners, 4 square-shaped aediculas
should be provided. In the remaining part, gutter should be provided. Such construction
is known as “Supratishtha”. The principal hall should be associated with courtyard and
an additional hall designed in the form of vestibule in a compatible way. All other parts
should be designed to be in the form of gutter. Such construction is known as “Jayamangala”.
This could be modified by designing the courtyard to be in the form of enclosed square
structure. The main hall should be in the form of harmya. In all the four directions, pavilions
should be designed to be in the form of elongated, small, four-pillared hall. All other
constructional details are as explained before. Such construction is known as “Adbhuta”.
विस्तारे षोडशांशास्स्युरायमे ऽष्टादशांशकाः ।। १०५
मध्यमे द्विचतुर्भागैरङ्गणं परिकल्पयेत् ।
तद्बाह्ये वारमेकांशं शालाव्यासो द्विभागतः ।। १०६
समन्ताद्वारमेकांशं बाह्ये वारं तथैव च ।
अलिन्दं चैकभागेन खण्डहर्म्यं तु चैकतः ।। १०७
मुख्यशालाग्रशाले च नेत्रहीने प्रकल्पयेत् ।
बाहुशालाद्वयं कार्यं तत्संश्लिष्टं तथा भवेत् ।। १०८
vista’re s”od’as’a’ms’a’ssyu ra’ya’me as”t’adas’ams’aka’h || 105
madhyame dvicaturbha’gairan’kan.am parikalpayet /
tadba’hye va’ram eka’ms’am s’a’la’vya’so dvibha’gatah || 106
samanta’d va’ram eka’ms’am ba’hye va’ram tathaiva ca /
alindam caika bha’gena khan’d’aharmyam tu caikatah || 107
mukhya’s’a’la’gra s’a’le ca netrahi’ne prakalpayet /
ba’hus’a’la’ dvayam ka’ryam tatsam s’lis”t’am tatha’bhavet || 108
Keeping the width to be of 16 units and the length to be of 18 units, a building should be
raised. A courtyard having a width of 2 parts and a length of 4 parts should be provided in

the middle. Outside this, an entrance occupying one unit should be designed. The width of
the main hall should be covering 2 parts. A corridor should be provided all around so as
to cover one unit. An outer corridor also should be provided with the same measure of one
unit. Verandah, occupying one part and an engaged structure occupying one part should
be provided. Two shouldering halls having symmetrical features and linked together, should
be constructed. The main hall and the front hall should be designed so as to be without
gables.
मुख्यागारापरस्थाने स्थाने मूले तु वर्चसा।
मध्यवारं च भद्रैश्च खण्डहर्म्यैश्च मण्डितम् ।। १०९
कर्णद्व्यंशेन सोपानं अग्रशालांशके नयेत्।
अग्रे शाला समायुक्तं त्रिशिरो मण्टपं तु वा ।। ११०
वासस्थानं च भोगं च स्वामिवाञ्छावशान्नयेत्।
एतत्पद्मकमित्युक्तं अन्यत्सर्वं तु पूर्ववत् ।। १११
mukhya’ga’ra’parasstha’ne stha’ne mu’le tu varcasa’ /
madhyava’ram ca bhadrais’ca khan.d’aharmyais’ca man.d’itam // 109
karn.advyams’ena sopa’nam agras’a’la’ms’ake nayet /
agre s’a’la’ sama’yuktam tris’iro man.t’apam tu va’ // 110
va’sastha’nam ca bhogam ca sva’miva’n”ca’ vas’a’nnayet /
etatpadmakam ityuktam anyat sarvam tu pu’rvavat // 111
In the back side of the main hall and in the central space(brahma sthana), special type of
pavilions known as varcasa should be designed. The middle enclosure should be provided
with projected moulding and engaged structure. From the 2 units of corner portion, staircase
should commence and lead to one portion of the front hall in the top. In the front side, a
wagon-like hall or pavilion with 3 towers should be designed. The residential hall and the
room meant for dining and enjoyments may be designed as desired by the master of the
house. Such construction is known as “Padmaka”. All other constructional details are
as explained earlier.
। इति कामिकाख्ये महातन्त्रे पद्ममालिका विधिः अष्टचत्वारिंशत्तमः पटलः ।
| iti ka’mika’khye mahatantre padmama’lika’ vidhih as”t’acatva’rims’attamah pat’lah |

४९ नागरादि विभेद विधिः
49 NA'GARA'DI VIBHEDA VIDHIH
49 Classification of Land and Buildings into Na'gara and Others
नागरादि विभेदं तु प्रवक्ष्यामि विशेषतः।
विन्ध्यान्तं चैव कृष्णान्तं कन्यान्तं तु हिमाचलम्॥ १
तस्मात्तस्मात् त्रिधा धात्री युक्तसत्व तमो रजाः।
नागरं द्रामिडं चैव वेसरं सार्वदेशिकम्॥ २
कालिङ्गं च वराटं च षड्विधं त्विह कीर्तितम्।
na'gara'di vibhedam tu pravaks"ya'mi vis'es"atah /
vindhya'tam caiva kr's"n.a'ntam kanya'ntam tu hima'calam // 1
tasma'ttasma't tridha dha'tri' yukta sattva tamo raja'h /
na'garam dra'mid'am caiva vesaram sa'rvades'ikam // 2
ka'lin'gam ca vara't'am ca s"ad'vidham tviha ki'rtitam /
Subsequently, I am speaking on the classification of land into na'gara and others with
specific details. The land is classified into three kinds based on the predominance of
the basic qualities which are three in number- sattvika, tamasa and rajasa. From the
Himacala to Vindhya, Himacala to Krishna river and Himacala to Kanyakumari, the
land is classified into six kinds. They are nagara, dravida, vesara, sarvadesika, kalinga
and varata.
नागरं सात्विके क्षेत्रे वेसरं स्यात्तमोऽधिके ॥ ३
राजसे द्रामिडं सार्वदेश्यं सर्वत्र संमतम्।
कालिङ्गं च वराटं च ग्राह्यं सत्वरजोऽधिके॥ ४

na'garam sa'tvike ks"etre vesaram sya' tamo adhike ।। 3
ra'jase dra'mid'am sa'rvades'yam sarvatra sammatam।
ka'lin'gam ca vara't'am ca gra'hyam satvarajodhike ।। 4
The land in which sattvika prevails dominantly is known as nagara. The land where
tamo-guna is in excess over the other two is known as vesara. The land where rajo-guna
is in excess over the other two is known as dravida. The land where all the three gunas
are equally present is known as sarvadesika. The land where both tamasa and rajasa
are in excess over sattvika is known as kalinga. The land where sattvika and rajasa
are in excess over tamasa is known as varata.
मूलं मसूरकं जङ्घा कपोतं शिखरं गलम्।
ऊर्ध्वे चामलसारेणाष्ट वर्गाःकुम्भशूलयुक्।। ५
अन्यैरूपरि निक्षिप्तं प्रोक्तं वर्गाष्टकं तु यत्।
mu'lam masu'rakam jangha' kapotam s'ikharan galam।
u'rdhve ca'malasa'ren.a's"t'a varga'h kumbha s'u'layuk ।। 5
anyairupari niks"iptam proktam varga's"t'kam tu yat।
Basement, pillar, entablature, neck, finial, amala-sara( a structure looking like a
myrobilon fruit), kumbha and sula – these are the eight component parts of a building.
The uppermost two members, namely kumbha and sula, would be left out by some
architects.
रथैः प्रतिरथैः कोणैरन्योन्याधिकभद्रकैः।। ६
त्रिभिर्वा पञ्चभिर्भागैः नवभिर्वाथ सप्तभिः।
सोष्टभावादिभिर्नीड युक्तोपान्तैश्चरण्डकैः।। ७
सर्वाकृति विचित्राङ्गैस्सन्तारप्रस्तरक्रियम्।
ऊहप्रत्यूह संयुक्तं ओजानोजांश मुण्डयुक्।। ८
सगर्भकर्मजं यत्तु मण्डलामल सारकम्।
शुकनासिकयोपेतं पार्श्वयोः प्रमुखे मुखे।। ९
मुण्डमण्टप संयुक्तं अङ्गप्रत्यङ्ग कल्पितम्।
यथायुक्ति यथाशोभं विधातव्यं हि नागरम्।। १०

rathaiḥ pratirathaiḥ koṇairanyonya’dhika bhadrakaiḥ // 6
tribhirva’ pan”cabhibha’gaih navabhir va’tha saptabhih /
sos”t’ra bha’va’dibhirni’d’a yuktopa’ntais’caran.d’kaih // 7
sarva’kr’ti vicitran’gais santa’ra pratarakriyam /
u’hapratyu’ha samyuktam oja’noja’ms’a mun.d’ayuk // 8
sagarbha’karmajam yattu man.d’la’mala sa’rakam /
s’ukana’sikayopetam pa’rs’vayoh pramukhe mukhe // 9
mun.d’man.d’pa samyuktam an’gapratyan’ga kalpitam /
yatha’yukti yatha’s’obham vidha’tavyam hi na’garam // 10
Ratha( a chariot-like structure), additional smaller ratha, porticos with comparatively
smaller and greater dimensions, corner towers, structures designed in the form of
camel face so as to occupy 3, 5, 7 or 9 parts, cages for various birds provided in the
corners, construction of entablature and cornice, main edifice provided with variegated
component members, ornamental component parts , addition and omission of mouldings
in order to complete the structure of such component members, flat roofs in odd
or even number, pavilions and amala-sara structure with ornamental works or without
such works, vestibules in the form of parrot-beak in either sides, front side and in the
places adjacent to the front side, pavilions with flattened top roof, main components,
subsidiary components – when all such features are provided according to the resources
of the Master and provided so as to be pleasant and auspicious to the extent possible, the
building is said to be Nagara.
बहिरभ्यन्तरस्तम्भ भित्तितुल्यक्रियान्वितम् ।
प्रकृत्युपरि जन्मोर्ध्वे सोपपीठ मसूरकम् ॥ ११
समस्तम्भान्तरं यत्तु सभारमविभागभाक् ।
जन्मोप पीठाधिष्ठान स्तम्भप्रस्तर कन्धरैः ॥ १२
शिखरस्थूपिकाभ्यां च षड्वर्गं सहितं नयेत् ।
मानसूत्राद्बहिस्तिर्यक्समसूत्राङ्ग भद्रकम् ॥ १३
समस्तम्भान्तरस्योर्ध्वे प्रस्तरान्तर बन्धनम् ।
नलिकां धारिकाधार हारोरस्यापि मण्डनम् ॥ १४
कपोत शालया ब्रह्मद्वारयुक्तं पताकया ।
शुकनासिकयोपेतं युक्तं प्रमुख मण्टपत् ॥ १५

श्रेष्टं त्रयोदशांशं तु द्वादशांशं इति स्मृतम् ।
तथा षट्सप्तभौमं त्रिः पञ्चत्रिस्सप्तभागभाक् ॥ १६
तथा चाष्टतलं प्रोक्तं नवभौमं निकेतनम् ।
सप्तदश द्विरष्टांश नवाष्ट दशकांशकम् ।। १७
षड्विधाकृति विन्यासं सर्वाङ्ग परिमण्डनम् ।
मध्यकर्णविनिर्गच्छत्प्रमाण भवनान्वितम् ।। १८
एवमादि विशेषाङ्गं विमानं द्रामिडं मतम् ।
bahirabhyantarastambha bhitti tulya kriya'nvitam /
prakr'tyupari janmordhve sopapi't'he masu'rakam // 11
samastambha'ntaram yattu sabha'ram avibha'gabha'k /
janmopa pi't'ha'dhis"t'ha'na stambha prastara kandharaih // 12
s'ikhra sthu'pika'bhya'm ca s"ad'varga sahitam nayet /
ma'nasu'tra'dbahistiryak samasu'tra'n'ga bhadrakam // 13
samastambha'ntarasyordhve prastara'ntara bandhanam /
na'lika'm dha'rika'dha'ra ha'rorasya'pi man.d.anam // 14
kapota s'a'laya' brahmadva'rayuktam pata'kaya' /
s'ukana'sikayopetam yuktam pramukha man.t'apam // 15
s'res"t'am trayodas'a'ms'am tu dva'das'a'ntam iti smr'tam /
tatha' s"at' sapta bhaumam trih pan"catrissapta bha'ga bhak // 16
tatha ca's"t'a talam proktam navabhumam niketanam /
sapta das'a dviras"t'a'ms'a nava's"t' das'ka'ms'akam // 17
s"ad'vidha'kr'ti vinya'sm sarva'n'ga pariman.d'anam /
madhyakarn.a vinirgacchat prama'n.a bhavana'nvitam // 18
evama'di vis'es"n'gam vima'nam dra'mid'am matam /
Features of the buildings in Dravida style:
Provided with pillars in the outerside and inner side so as to look like a raised wall;
associated with foundation, basement, upper pedestal and upper base; pillars with
uniform interspace between them; well designed, decorated hall(sabhara)- a common
Dravida type of building should have all such features. In another pattern of Dravida

building, there should be plinth, upper pedestal, basement, pillars, entablature, neck,
roof and finial in addition to the essential six members. It should be provided with
porticos aligned to the north-south lines and to the reference lines. Above the equally-
spaced and evenly raised pillars, entablature should be constructed. It should be
adorned with vestibules, vertical stream of mouldings, frieze and snake-like bonds.
It should be provided with sala type of roof and suitable cornice, large-sized main door
adorned with flag-like designs, vestibule in the form of parrot-beak, front pavilion and
such other related constructions. In the superior type, the six-storeyed and seven storeyed
building should be constructed so as to occupy 12 parts in width and 13 parts in length.
The eight storeyed building should occupy 15 parts in width and 21 parts in length. For
the nine storeyed building, width should be in 16 parts and length, in 17 parts or width in
9 parts and length in 18 parts. Six kinds of forms are recommended for such buildings.
They should be beautified with all component parts and their porticos should be well
aligned with the central line and the diagonal lines and they should be with appropriate
measures. In the Dravida style of building, vimana should be associated with specially
designed component parts. Such are the main features of Dravida building.
युक्तं द्रामिडविन्यासं नागरक्रिययान्वितम्॥ १९
नागरं द्रामिडोद्दिष्ट विशेषेण विभूषितम्।
सखण्डाखण्डहर्म्यं तु खण्डहर्म्योभयात्मकम्॥ २०
उत्तरोत्तर निर्यूह युक्तान्तर तलक्रियम्।
एवमादि विचित्राङ्गं विमानं नाम वेसरम्॥ २१
yuktam dra'mid'a vinya'sam na'gara kriyaya'nvitam // 19
na'garam dra'mid'oddis"ta vis'es"en.a vibhu's"itam /
sakhan.d'a'khan.d'a harmyam tu khan.d'a harmyobhaya'tmakam //
uttarottara nirvyu'ha yukta'ntara talakriyam /
evama'di vicitra'n'gam vima'nam na'ma vesaram // 21
Associated with dravida-based arrangements and allocations; associated with
nagara-based workings and finishings; beautified with specific features recommended for
nagara and dravida; provided with sectional tower or fully-designed tower or with both
sectional tower and fully designed tower; associated with turret-like ornamental workings
in the pillars; associated with suitably well-designed components in the interiors of the
upper storeys one above the other – the building associated with such specially designed
component parts is called vesara.

मूलादूर्ध्वोर्ध्वसन्धैया धारिकोपरि मण्डनम्।
तदुपर्युचितग्रीव शिखरस्थूपिकान्वितम्।। २२
भद्रोपभद्र चित्राङ्गमाप्तान्तर तलक्रियम्।
साधारण तलासक्त कायस्तम्भ निवेशनम्।। २३
श्रेण्याकारक्रियोपेतच्छायाप्रस्तर बन्धनम्।
एवमाद्यङ्ग वैचित्र्यं वराटं धाम संमतम्।। २४
mu'la'du'rdhverdha sandheya' dha'rikopari man.d'anam /
taduparyucita gri'va s'ikharasthu'pika'nvitam // 22
bhadropabhadra citra'n'gam a'pta'ntara talakriyam /
sa'dha'ran.a tala'sakta ka'yastambha nives'anam // 23
s'ren.ya'ka'ra kriyopetac cha'ya' prastara bandhanam /
evama'dyan'ga vaicitryam vara't'am dha'ma sammatam // 24
Appropriate joineries one above the other from the bottom level, recommended
comnponent parts over the side roof, ornamental component parts such as portico,
secondary portico provided with ornamental designs, interior provisions in an orderly
way, common plinth well strengthened by rafters and pillars associated with numerous
rows of mouldings, provision of secondary entablature – an edifice associated with
such variegated and pleasant features is considered to be varata type of building.
विनान्धारिकयोरस्य पताका बाह्य मण्डनम्।
उत्तराध उपारोह क्रियान्धारिकयान्वितम्।। २५
उन्नतावनतस्याङ्गैस्सर्वाङ्गैः परिमण्डनम्।
चतुरश्राष्टवृत्ताभं ग्रीवाशिखरसौरभम्।। २६
ईदृग्भूताङ्ग सङ्कल्पं कालिङ्गं सद्म संमतम्।
vina'ndha'rikayorasya pata'ka' ba'hya man.d'anam /
uttara'dha upa'roha kriya'ndha'rikaya'nvitam // 25
unnata'vanatasya'n'gais sarva'n'gaih pariman.d'anam /
caturas'ra's't'a vr'tta'bham gri'va's'ikhara saurabham // 26
i'dr'gbhu'ta'n'ga san'kalpam ka'lingam sadma sammatam /

Omission of side roof, main roof beautified with falg-like mouldings in the outer side,
associated with mounted mouldings in the upper part and lower part and with vertical
flow of flower-like designs, associated with elevated and downcast structures, all of the
component parts being well beautified with ornamental structures, designed in the
square, octagonal and circular form, presenting elegant look with neck and finial –
an edifice well designed with such essential component parts is considered to be
kalinga type of building.
नालिकान्धारिकाधार हारोरस्यापि मण्डनम् ।। २७
कपोत शालया युक्तं ब्रह्मद्वार पताकया ।
षड्विधाकृतियुक्सद्म सम्मतं सार्वदेशिकम् ।। २८
na'lika'ndha'rika'dha'ra ha'rorasya'pi man.d'anam // 27
kapota s'a'laya'yuktam brahmadva'ra pata'kaya' /
s"ad'vidha'kr'tiyuksadma sammatam sa'rvades'ikam // 28
Provision of inner chamber, supporting small pillars for the side roof, beautified with
chain-like mouldings and snake-like bands, provided with carona and wagon-like roof,
associated with larger entrance adorned with flag-like designs, designed with six kinds
of component members – an edifice associated with such essential features is considered
to be sarvadesika type of building.
प्रत्येकं त्रिविधं प्रोक्तं द्रामिडं त्वधुनोच्यते ।
हस्तच्छेद परीहार न्यूनाधिक समीकृतम् ।। २९
स्वायसंपत्समुत्पन्नैर्नागरं तत्समाङ्गकम् ।
pratyekam trividham proktam dra'mid'am tvadhunocyate /
hastaccheda pari'ha'ra nyu'na'dhika sami'kr'tam // 29
sva'ya sampatsamutpannaair na'garam tatsama'n'gakam /
Each class of building is of three kinds. Now the specific features of Dravida and
other types of building are told. Avoiding the fractions of hasta-measure and equalizing
the increased and decreased measures, the edifice should be raised strictly based on the
factors which are capable of yielding prosperity and auspiciousness- factors such as

aya and others- as applicable to it. The edifice should be with uniformly proportioned
interior parts. Such edifice belongs to nagara type.
हस्तच्छेद परीहृत्यैर्हृत्वा धामविधानवित्।। ३०
भद्रालङ्कार संयुक्तं द्रामिडं चेति कीर्तितम्।
hastaccheda parihr'tyai hr'tva' dha'ma vidha'navat // 30
bhadra'lan'ka'ra samyuktam dra'mid'am ceti ki'rtitam /
The knower of the science of designing the edifice should abandon the fractions of
hasta measure and apply the correct measures according to the process of aya and
other factors. The edifice raised by him in this way and which is associated with
the ornamental structures of front door and portico is declared to be dravida type.
लब्धमात्राविहीनं तु नातिरिक्तं सवक्त्रकम्।। ३१
उत्तरोत्तर निर्यूह सङ्गतं वेसरं मतम्।
labdha ma'tra' vihi'nam tu na'tiriktam savaktrakam // 31
uttarottara nirvyu'ha san'gatam vesaram matam /
Being without increase or decrease of even the smallest division of hasta-measure
obtained from the finger of the owner, the edifice should be built based on accurate
measure. It should be associated with portico, well-aligned pinnacle one above the other
on each successive storey and other component parts. Such building is considered to
be of vesara type.
त्रिपञ्चसप्तद्विचतुष्षड्भक्त्यैक तलक्रमात्।। ३२
नागरादिषु षड्भेदहीनमुक्तं च मध्यमम्।
साक्षाद् द्वित्रिचतुष्पञ्च तलमष्टनवांशकम्।। ३३
कनिष्ठं मध्यमं ज्ञेयं दशांशैकदशांशकम्।
श्रेष्ठं त्रयोदशांशं तु द्वादशांशं इति स्मृतम्।। ३४
तथा षट्सप्तभौमं त्रिः पञ्चद्विसप्तभागभाक्।

तथा चाष्टतलं प्रोक्तं नवभौमं निकेतनम् ।। ३५
सप्तदशद्विरष्टांशं नवाष्टादि दशांशकम् ।
विमानं दशभौमं तु द्वात्रिंशद्दशभागयुक् ।। ३६
tripan"ca sapta dvicatus" s"ad'bahaktyaika talakrama't // 32
na'ga'ra'dis"u s"ad'bheda hi'namuktam ca madyamam /
sa'ks"a'd dvitricatus"pan"ca talamas"t'a nava'ms'akam // 33
kanis"t'ham madhyamam jn"eyam das'a'ms'aika das'a'ms'akam /
s'res"t'ham trayodas'a'ms'am tu dva'das'a'ms'am iti smr'tam // 34
tatha' s"at'saptabhaumam trih pan"cadvissaptabha'ga bha'k /
tatha'ca's"t'a talam proktam navabhaumam niketanam // 35
saptadas'a dviras"t'a'ms'am nava's"t'a'di das'a'ms'akam /
vima'nam das'a bhaumam tu dva'trims'ad saptabha'gayuk // 36
In all the six kinds of building from nagara and others, the smallest type of construction in
the medium variety should cover 3, 5, 7, 8, 6 parts and 1 part respectively. The smaller
type of construction in the same medium group should cover 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 relative
units. In the superior group, they should occupy 10, 11, 13 and 12 relative units. The
six storeyed building and the seven storeyed building should cover 3, 5, 2 and 4 relative
units. In the same way, the eight storeyed and the nine storeyed building should cover
17, 16, 9, 8 and 10 relative units. For the ten storeyed building, the recommended measure
is 7 parts out of 32 parts.
एकादशतलं द्वित्रिभागयुग्विंशदंशकम् ।
तथा द्वादशभौमं तु चतुष्षट् पञ्चभागभाक् ।। ३७
शुद्धयुक्तिरियं प्रोक्ता त्वन्यथा च निगद्यते ।
सप्तत्रिद्व्यंशकादंशाद्दशाष्टा दशभागिकम् ।। ३८
eka'das'atalam dvitri bha'gayug vis'adams'akam /
tatha' dva'das'a bhaumam tu catus"s"at' pan"ca bha'ga bha'k//37
s'uddhayuktiriyam prokta' tvanyatha' ca nigatyate /
saptatridvyams'aka'dams'a'd das'a's"t'a das'abha'gikam // 38

The eleven storeyed building should cover 20 relative units in consideration of 2 or 3
parts. The twelve storeyed building should occupy 4, 6 or 5 parts. Such application of
measures is called ‘suddha yukti’. Application of measures is recommended in another
way also. 7, 3 and 2 relative units in consideration of 18 and 8 parts for the smaller,
medium and superior type of construction may be taken to be the required dimension.
युग्मायुग्मत्रिभूम्यादि व्यासाद् द्विद्व्यंश वर्धनात्।
दशद्वादश भूम्यन्ता संख्या ख्याता क्रमागता ।। ३९
कनिष्ठा मध्यमा श्रेष्ठा नागरादिषु पञ्चसु ।
अविरोधेन विन्यास भूषणं सार्वदेशिकम् ।। ४०
yugma'yugma tribhu'ya'di vya'sa'd dvidvyams'a vivardhana't /
das'a dva'das'a bhu'myanta' samkhya' khya'ta' krama'gata' // 39
kanis"t'ha madhyma' s'res"t'ha' na'gara'dis"u pan"casu /
aviridhena vinya'sa bhu's"an.am sa'vades'ikam // 40
From the three storeyed building up to the ten storeyed building, measures should be held
in the even count and odd count in due order, increasing the width by 2 relative units
at each time. Classification into three kinds as the smaller, medium and the largest is
applicable to the five types of construction – nagara, dravida, vesara, kalinga and varata.
The building beautified with systematic alignment, allocation and arrangement is
considered to be sarvadesika.
असमा नागरे भागा द्रामिडे वै समासमाः।
द्विविधा भक्तयो ग्राह्या वेसरे सार्वदेशिके।। ४१
asama'na'gare bha'ga' dra'mid'e vai sama'sama'h /
dvividha' bhaktayo gra'hya' vesare sa'rvades'ike // 41
Major divisions should be in odd number for the nagara. They should be in even
number for the dravida. They should be held in both odd number and even number for
the vesara and sarvadesika.