वेदान्त पारिजात सौरभ (भगवद् निम्बार्काचार्य - द्वैताद्वैत वेदान्त ब्रह्मसूत्र भाष्य सटीक)

[sū. 1. 3. 34.
ADH 9] VEDĀNTA-KAUSTUBHA 197
hastened to Raikva, the man with the cart and a knower of Brahman.
From this, it is “indicated” that his “grief” had arisen. Hence, the
address ‘Śūdra’ was applied by the sage to a non-Śūdra, with a view
to intimating his own omniscience, thinking: ‘This Jānaśruti has come
to learn the knowledge of Brahman from me, tempting me with the
offering of riches. He does not know me, that I have performed all
my duties and am omniscient’. Thus, (the whole story goes).
Jānaśruti Pautrāyaṇa was a royal saint, versed in religious duties.
Certain divine sages, pleased with his multitude of qualities, and
intending that having heard their conversation, and having thereupon
approached Raikva, the knower of Brahman, Jānaśruti, too, would
become a knower of Brahman, assumed the forms of swans and began
to fly in a circle over the king who was lying on the roof of his palace
in summer Then, the swan which was following said with surprise
to the one which was leading. ‘O Bhallākṣa, Bhallākṣa, do you not
see the light of the king Jānaśruti which has pervaded the region
of the heaven? That light will burn you, so do not cross it’. On
hearing these words of the one following it, the leading swan replied:
‘ “O, who is that man of him you speak as if he were Raikva, with the
cart”? ’ (Chānd. 4 1.3), i.e you speak of this Jānaśruti as if he were
Raikva with the cart, meaning, the reverend Raikva who has a
‘yugva’ or a cart and is a knower of Brahman. By the adjective
‘with a cart’, Raikva’s mark was indicated, in order that he might
be easily found out and approached. Then, on hearing the disres-
pectful words used by the swan, Jānaśruti too, ascertained, in the
morning, the whereabout of Raikva through his man, and repaired
to the sage Raikva, taking with him six hundred cows, a necklace and
a chariot yoked with horses, and having approached him, said: ‘O
Raikva! Take all these cows and the rest, and teach me, O reverend
sir’. Raikva replied ‘ “O, the necklace ” ’ (Chānd. 4.2.3) and so on,
i.e. ‘O Śūdra, the heap of wealth, like the chariot and the rest, together
with the cows be yours’. And he addressed him as ‘O Śūdra’ more
than once (viz again in Chānd. 4.2.5). A ‘Śūdra’ is one who grieves
(śocati), and the word is formed in accordance with the rule:
‘When the root “śuc” is followed by the suffix “ra”, the “ca”
is replaced by “da” ’ (SD. K. Uṇādi-sūtra 176 ¹), and the vowel ‘u’ is
lengthened (in accordance with the uṇādi-sūtra 175 ²). Hence “his”,
1 P. 599, vol. 2. 2 Thus, śuc+ra = śud+ra = śūdra.