वासवदत्ता (महाकवि सुबन्धु - श्लेष-प्रधान शास्त्रीय गद्यकाव्य सान्वय सटीक)

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
INDO-IRANIAN SERIES
Volume 8
VĀSAVADATTĀ
A SANSKRIT ROMANCE
BY
SUBANDHU

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
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VĀSAVADATTĀ
A SANSKRIT ROMANCE

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
INDO-IRANIAN SERIES
EDITED BY
A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
PROFESSOR OF INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES
IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
VOLUME 8
New York
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
1913
All rights reserved

VĀSAVADATTĀ
A SANSKRIT ROMANCE
BY
SUBANDHU
TRANSLATED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION
AND NOTES, BY
LOUIS H. GRAY, PH.D.
1754 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 1893
IN·LITTERIS·LIBERTAS
New York
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
1913
All rights reserved

PK 3798 .S81 V32
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PRINTED FROM TYPE BY HORACE HART, M.A.
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JANUARY, 1913

TO PROFESSOR A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
My Dear Guru—That you consented, on one of the many
occasions that I have been privileged to be your guest, to accept
the dedication of this translation of India’s oldest formal romance,
has ever been to me a source of keenest joy. It is to you that
I owe my knowledge of India and her sister land, Iran; and to
you I am indebted, as to a guru indeed—that word which no
tongue can truly translate—for so much that makes for true
manhood, without which, as without charity, mere knowledge is
but ‘as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.’ I have tried
to make my work, here as always, worthy both of you and
of Columbia, to which we are each so loyal. Generously you
have helped me, even when your leisure was most limited, and
gratefully I acknowledge your aid; for of you I can say with
all my heart, as the Irish host of legend cried to their hero,
Cáilte, Adrae buaid ocus bennachtain; is mor in fis ocus in
faillsiugud fírinde doberi duind ar cach ní fíarfaigther dít,
‘Success and benison attend thee; great is the lore and the
disclosure of truth which thou givest us upon all that is asked
of thee!’
L. H. G.

इस पृष्ठ पर कोई स्पष्ट पठनीय पाठ (foreground text) मुद्रित नहीं है (पृष्ठ रिक्त है तथा केवल पीछे के पृष्ठ की अस्पष्ट छाया/bleed-through दिखाई दे रही है)।

PREFACE
THE precept of Horace, nonum prematur in annum, has been
more than obeyed in this volume, for it was on November 3,
1901, that I began the translation of the Vāsavadattā. From
that day Subandhu's romance has never been long absent from
my thoughts, although many practical exigencies, some of them
not wholly agreeable to a scholar, have forced me again and
again to lay the task aside, often for six months at a stretch.
Yet these clouds, too, have had their silver lining, for not only
has my work thus had time to ripen, but much has appeared
bearing on the novel during these intervals, or has been called
to my attention by friends. The first draft of the translation was,
for example, almost completed when, in March, 1903, Dr. George
C. O. Haas noted for me an entry in a catalogue of Stechert, of
New York, which enabled me to purchase a copy of the edition of
the Vāsavadattā printed in Telugu script at Madras in 1862. This
necessitated a renewed study of the text in comparison with the
edition of Hall, and ultimately led me to include a transliteration
of the ‘southern’ recension in my work, together with the variants
of all the other editions. Some of these would have been
inaccessible to me, had it not been for the courtesy of the India
Office, which, at the instance of Mr. F. W. Thomas, its librarian,
most generously loaned me the texts I needed, so that I might
use them at leisure in my own study.
Excepting the blank-verse renderings of the few Sanskrit stanzas
of the Vāsavadattā, I have sought to make the translation as literal
as the English language would permit, and throughout I have
spared no pains to facilitate reference to the original text, as
well as to explain each allusion that I could elucidate. In the
latter regard I have considered others than professed Sanskritists,
for I have ventured to hope that some copies of the work may
vii

viii PREFACE
fall into the hands of students of literature, who may here find
points of similarity to, or divergence from, the writings to which
their special attention may be directed. I dare not flatter
myself that I have invariably hit the true meaning of the original,
for there are passages which repeated study, through these eleven
years, has failed to solve to my own complete satisfaction. But
even for this I scarcely grieve, for, like Propertius, I feel,
Quod si deficiant uires, audacia certe
Laus erit: in magnis et uoluisse sat est.
And if the cruces that have baffled me shall be solved by other
minds, none will feel greater joy in their success than I.
It is with a feeling almost akin to regret that I lay down my
pen. Perhaps to me the Vāsavadattā has deeper associations
than to almost any one else who has laboured on it. In hours
of bitterness and sorrow it has helped me to forget; and it has
heightened the pleasure of happy days. With all its faults,
I love it; possibly I have even been so blind as to reckon its
failings virtues; possibly, too, the innate Anglo-Saxon sympathy
for the 'under dog' has made me only the more determined in
its praise. Is it worth while, or not? As the Arabs say, Allāhu
a'lamu, 'God best knows (and man can't tell).'
I am happy to have had, in my work, the assistance of many
friends—Mr. Thomas and Dr. Haas, to whom I have already
alluded; others to whose courtesies reference will be made in the
course of the book—Dr. George A. Grierson, Professor Theodor
Zachariae, Mr. Richard Hall; Professor Washburn Hopkins,
whose notes aided in introducing me to the mysteries of
Grantha script; Professor Charles R. Lanman, who enabled me
to use the Harvard copy of Hall's edition until I could procure
my own—a courtesy which had already been accorded me for
a year previous by the library of the Deutsche Morgenländische
Gesellschaft; Mr. T. K. Balasubrahmanya, who replied in full
to my queries concerning the 'southern' text; and Mr. G.
Payn Quackenbos, who called my attention to the reference to
Subandhu in the Subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra, while to Dr. Charles
J. Ogden I am indebted for a number of helpful suggestions and

PREFACE ix
corrections, particularly in the Introduction. In a very special
way my thanks are due also to Mr. Alexander Smith Cochran,
whose interest in the Columbia University Indo-Iranian Series
has rendered possible the printing of this particular volume.
My gratitude to my friend and teacher, Professor A. V. Wil-
liams Jackson—here editor as well—is more fittingly expressed
elsewhere within these covers. Suffice it to say that he read
with me word by word the second of the three drafts of this
translation, and that wellnigh every page bears some token of
his careful scholarship. And to one other—my wife—my deepest
obligations are due for whatsoever may be best in my work.
She has subjected every line to a most minute and unsparing
revision, besides taking upon herself the arduous task of pre-
paring my manuscript for the press. Her interest in the work
has never faltered, and to her criticism, at once most kindly and
most severe, I owe more than I can tell.
Louis H. Gray.
November 25, 1912.

इस पृष्ठ पर मुद्रित पाठ्य अत्यधिक धुंधला एवं अपाठ्य (bleached/out-of-focus) होने के कारण पाठ का स्पष्ट और सटीक प्रतिलेखन (transcription) संभव नहीं है।

CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . vii
ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . xii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . I
TRANSLATION . . . . . . . . 43
TRANSCRIPTION . . . . . . . . 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . 197
LEXICOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX . . . . . . 200
xi

ABBREVIATIONS
ad loc. = (ad locum), on the passage.
apud = in.
bis = twice.
cf. = compare.
EI. = Epigraphia Indica.
H. = Hall's edition of the Vāsavadattā.
IA. = Indian Antiquary.
Introd. = Introduction.
JAOS. = Journal of the American Oriental Society.
JASBe. = Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
JRAS. = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JRASBo. = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Bombay Branch.
KZ. = Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem
Gebiete der indogermanischen Sprachen, ed. A. Kuhn
and others.
l.c. = (loco citato), at the place previously cited.
M. = edition of the Vāsavadattā in Telugu script printed at
Madras in 1862.
No. = number.
n. p. = no place of publication given.
op. cit. = (opus citatum), the work previously cited.
pp. = pages.
S. = edition of the Vāsavadattā printed at Srirangam in 1906–
1908.
sqq. = (sequentes), following.
s.v. = (sub verbo) under the word.
SWAW. = Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Tel. ed. = edition of the Vāsavadattā in Telugu script printed at
Madras in 1862.
Tel. ed. 61 = edition of the Vāsavadattā in Telugu script printed at
Madras in 1861.
v. = verse.
WZKM. = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
ZDMG. = Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
xii

ABBREVIATIONS xiii

• = when prefixed to a word or meaning in the lexicographical
  appendix, such word or meaning is cited by the
  St. Petersburg lexicons only on the authority of native
  Sanskrit lexicographers.
  ° = when prefixed to a word or meaning in the lexicographical
  appendix, such word or meaning is entirely omitted by
  the St. Petersburg lexicons ; elsewhere it denotes the
  omission of words or parts of words to be supplied
  from the context.
  ‹ › = single paronomasia.
  « » = double paronomasia.
  ⋘ ⋙ = triple paronomasia.
  ( ) = when placed around or in words of the transcribed text,
  the enclosed portions differ from the text of Hall ;
  when placed around numerals in the translation and
  transcription, these refer to the pages of the Madras
  edition of 1862.
  [ ] = when placed around or in words of the transcribed text,
  the enclosed portions, though contained in Hall’s
  edition, are entirely omitted by the Madras edition of
  1862 ; when placed around numerals in the translation
  and transcription, these refer to the pages of Hall’s
  edition.

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