१८५७ का स्वातन्त्र्य समर (वीर विनायक दामोदर सावरकर - अंग्रेजों द्वारा छपने से पूर्व प्रतिबन्धित महाग्रन्थ)

GLOSSARY
PATEL—head of a village
PÊSHWA—literally, a minister ;
the Peshwa of the Mahratta
empire soon became the head
of the Mahratta confederacy.
PÊSHWÂI—the office and posses-
sions of the Peshwa.
POWADA—a popular song.
PRASÂD—anything blessed by be-
ing first dedicated to God
PRAYÂGA—Allahabad.
PRAYÂGWÂL—Hindu priest of
Prayaga (lit. any Prayaga
man).
PRÂYASCHITTA—a purificatory
ceremony.
PUDDER—the end of ladies' cloth.
PÛJA—worship.
PUNDIT—a Hindu scholar.
PURÂN—a part of Hindu Scrip-
tures.
PURÂNIK—a Brahmin who reads
and explains the Puran in pub-
lic.
PÛRBHAYYA—a caste among the
people of Oudh.
PYJÂMA—loose trousers.
RABBI—a harvest season.
RÂJ—kingdom.
RÂJ—king.
RÂMÂYANA—a great Hindu Epic.
RÂMCHANDRA—the greatest
Hindu hero and king—the hero
of the Ramayana.
RÂN—king ; title assumed by
Rajputs.
RANALAKSHMI—the presiding
Goddess of war.
RÂNEE—queen.
RAO—a title among the Mah-
rattas.
RASALDÂR—an army officer.
RISHI—prophet or seer.
ROTI—Bread.
RUPEE—an Indian coin, original-
ly worth two shillings, now
depreciated to one shilling and
four pence.
RUSTOM—a mighty Persian war-
rior—metaphorically, a great
warrior.
RYASAT—State property.
RYOT—cultivator.
SÂHIB—Sir.
SÂHUKÂR—banker.
SALAAM—respect or salute.
SÂMA—conciliation.
SAMÂDHI—the state of perfect
beatification.
SANAD—title-deed.
SANKALPA—preliminary of a reli-
gious ceremony.
SANYÂSI—one who has renounced
the world.
SÂREE—cloth worn over the
shoulder by ladies.
SARVAHÂRA—destroyer of every-
thing.
SEPOY—Indian soldier.
SHÂBÂSH—well done !
SHAHÎD—martyr who falls fight-
ing.
SHANKAR—God Shiva (the same
as Har Dev).
SHASTRA—science, generally the-
ological.
SHATRUSAMHÂRIKÉ—destroyer of
foes.
SHÂZADA—a prince of blood.
SHILÉDAR—a Mahratta horseman.
SHIRPANA—an ornament worn on
the turban.
SHIVA—one of the Hindu Tri-
nity.
SHRΗblessed (used as part of
the titles of persons or books).
SHRÎMANT—a title of respect and
honour (lit. prosperous).
551

GLOSSARY
SIRDÂR—an army officer of the
higher grade.
SIRKÂR—Government.
SOWAR—cavalryman.
SUBAHDÂR—an army officer.
SUDDER AMIN—Sheriff.
SUDDER DEWÂNI—High Court.
SÛDRA—One of the four castes
among the Hindus.
SULTAN—king.
SÛRYAKANTA—a gem, very cold
to the touch, but which, when
exposed to the sun, absorbs
enormous heat and gives out
sparks.
SUTTEE—the act of self-immola-
tion by a Hindu wife on the
pyre of her husband (lit. a
pure spouse).
SWADÊSH—one's own country.
SWADÊSHI—belonging to one's
own country.
SWADHARMA—one's own duty or
religion.
SWARÂJ—independent self-go-
vernment.
SWARÂJYA—another form of
Swaraj.
SWÂTANTRYA—independence.
TÂSHIL—revenue-jurisdiction.
TÂSHILDÂR—revenue-collector.
TÂLUK—a revenue-district.
TÂLUKDÂR—baron of the court
of Oudh having almost sove-
reign authority.
TÂLUKDÂRI—the principality of
a Talukdar.
TAMÂMEE—a kind of cloth.
TAMÂSH—fun, a show.
TAMÂSHGAR—a showman.
TASMÂT YUDDHÂYA YUJYASVA—
Therefore, get ready for bat-
tle ! (the trumpet-like words
of Shri Krishna in the Gita).
THÂKUR—lord.
THÂNA—police station.
TILAKA—a mark on the forehead
used by Hindus—a sign of
purity and prosperity.
TÎRTHA—Sacred water.
TOP-KHÂNA—stand for mount-
ing guns.
TULSI—a plant sacred to God
Vishnu.
VAISYA—the merchant caste
among the Hindus.
VAKIL—attorney.
VÂRANÂSI—Benares.
VATAN—land almost tax-free, be-
stowed for service rendered.
VATANDÂR—holder of a vatan.
VÊDA—the Scripture of the
Hindus.
VIZIER—minister.
WÂGHNAHH—a weapon made of
or like tiger's claws.
YAJNA—a Vedic sacrifice.
YAMADVITÎYA—a Hindu feast.
YÔGI—a saint who has realised
God.
ZEMINDÂR—land-owner.
ZENÂN—ladies' apartments.
552

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