द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

INTRODUCTION 33
institutions were started where national education could be
imparted and young men could be trained as scientists and
engineers for organising new industries. The Government
naturally did not like the new movement and steps were
taken to put it down. As a reply to official repression, young
men took to the bomb and revolver and the first explosion
took-place in 1907. This was the beginning of the revolu-
tionary movement of the twentieth century and in order to
suppress it, the Government issued a notification in 1909,
declaring as illegal many of the institutions for imparting
physical training to the youths in Bengal. Simultaneously
with the appearance of the revolutionary movement, there
was a split within the ranks of the Indian National Congress.
The Left-Wing leaders, Lokamanya Tilak of Poona and Sri
Aurobindo Ghosh and Mr. B. C. Pal of Bengal, wanted to
adopt the boycott of British goods as a part of the Congress
plan, and they were not content with the goal of self-govern-
ment within the British Empire. The Right-Wing leaders,
Sir Pherozhah Mehta of Bombay, Mr. G. K. Gokhale of
Poona and Mr. (later on Sir) Surendranath Bannerji of
Bengal, stood for a more moderate policy. Lala Lajpat Rai
of the Punjab occupied a middle position in this fight. An
open rupture took place in the Surat Congress in 1907 when
the Left Wing (also called 'Nationalists' or 'Extremists')
were defeated and the Congress organisation passed into the
hands of the Right Wing (also called 'Moderates' or
'Liberals'). Not long after this, Lokamanya Tilak was
sentenced to six years' imprisonment for sedition, Sri Auro-
bindo Ghosh was forced into exile, while Mr. B. C. Pal gave
up extremist politics. Driven out of the Congress, persecuted
by the Government and deprived of their leaders, the Left
Wingers (or the Extremists) had a bad time up to 1915 and
the Moderates were the masters of the show. The Morley-
Minto Reforms of 1909 which were welcomed by the
Moderates and condemned by the Extremists, served as a
temporary sop to the political agitators. With the outbreak
of the Great War and the return of Lokamanya Tilak from
imprisonment, there was a decided improvement in the
political situation from the Indian point of view. In 1916
C