द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

INTRODUCTION 31
a Mohammedan. At that moment it looked as if the English
would be thrown out of the country. But through sheer
luck they won by the skin of their teeth. The failure of the
revolution was due among other causes to lack of support
from some quarters, viz., the Sikhs of the Punjab and to
hostility on the part of the Gurkhas of Nepal. When the
revolution was crushed, a reign of terror followed and the
country was disarmed from end to end. The reaction lasted
for a long time and no one dared to raise his head during that
period. By the eighties of the last century a change set in.
People began to recover their courage and armed with the
knowledge of the modern world, they began to devise new
means of coping with the foreigners. Thus in 1885 was born
the Indian National Congress, the object of which was not to
organise another revolution but to fight for Home Rule along
constitutional lines.
The renaissance in Western India, unlike that in Northern
India, appeared more in the form of a movement for educa-
tional and social reform than as a religious movement. The
father of this awakening was Justice M. G. Ranade who,
later on, found a worthy disciple in Mr. G. K. Gokhale.
In 1884, Mr. B. G. Tilak, Mr. G. G. Agarkar and Mr. V.
S. Apte founded the Deccan Education Society. Soon
after, Mr. Gokhale joined the Society. Later on there
arose differences between Lokamanya Tilak and Mr. Gokhale.
The former was not interested in social reform like the latter
and he belonged to the 'extremist' school of politics, while
the latter was one of the outstanding 'moderate' leaders. In
1905, Mr. Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society,
the object of which was to train 'national missionaries for the
service of India and to promote by all constitutional means
the true interests of the India people.' Among the different
measures adopted by Lokamanya Tilak to rouse the people
was the revival of the Ganapati festival—which was a religious
festival given a national interpretation by him—and the
Shivaji festival held every year on the birthday anniversary
of Shivaji, the great hero of Maharashtra.
In South India the Theosophical Society founded at
Adyar near Madras in 1886 by Madame Blavatsky and Col.