द इण्डियन स्ट्रगल / भारतीय स्वाधीनता संग्राम (नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस - ऐतिहासिक विश्लेषण)

INTRODUCTION 29'
some places it was known by a different name—for instance,
in Bombay Presidency it was known as the Prarthana Samaj.
The Brahmo Samaj had considerable influence on the new
generation of English-educated Indians and even those who
did not become converts to the Brahmo Samaj accepted the
spirit of reform and progress for which it stood. But the
ultra-modern, ideas of the Samaj caused a revulsion of
feeling among the old-fashioned Pandits, who attempted to.
justify all that there was in Hindu religion and in Hindu
society. But this reactionary movement could not make any
appeal to the new generation of youths. About this time, in
the eighties of the last century, two prominent religious
personalities appeared before the public who were destined
to have a great influence on the future course of the new
awakening. They were Ramkrishna Paramahansa, the saint,
and his disciple Swami Vivekananada. Ramkrishna, the
master, was brought up in the orthodox Hindu fashion, but
his disciple was a young man educated at the university
who was an agnostic before he met the former. Ramkrishna
preached the gospel of the unity of all religions and urged
the cessation of inter-religious strife. He emphasised the
necessity of renunciation, celibacy and asceticism in order to
live a truly spiritual life. As against the Brāhmo Samaj, he
advocated the necessity of symbolism in religious worship
and condemned the ultra-modern imitative tendency of the
Samaj. Before he died, he charged his disciple with the task
of propagating his religious teachings in India and abroad
and of bringing about an awakening among his countrymen.
Swami Vivekananda therefore founded the Ramkrishna
Mission, an order of monks, to live and preach the Hindu
religion in its purest form in India and abroad, especially in
America and he took an active part in inspiring every form
of healthy national activity. With him religion was the
inspirer of nationalism. He tried to infuse into the new
generation a sense of pride in India's past, of faith in India's
future and a spirit of self-confidence and self-respect. Though
the Swami never gave any political message, everyone who
came into contact with him or his writings developed a spirit
of patriotism and a political mentality. So far at least as