द ब्यूटीफुल ट्री: १८वीं सदी में भारत की स्वदेशी गुरुकुल शिक्षा (धर्मपाल)

STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF NATIVE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES IN EACH DISTRICT
OF THE NORTHERN DIVISION OF ARCOT AND OF THE NUMBER OF SCHOLARS

Name of the Schools & Colleges Bramin Scholars Vysea Scholars Soodra Scholars
District S C T M F T M F T M F T

Chittoor Talook (Audayanum — 1 1 8 — 8 — — — — — —
(Hindoovee 3 — 3 28 — 28 1 — 1 3 — 3
(Teloogoo 18 — 18 15 — 15 33 — 33 135 2 137
(Tamul 7 — 7 — — — — — — 72 — 72
(Persian 1 — 1 — — — — — — — — —
(English 1 — 1 2 — 2 — — — 3 — 3

30 1 31 53 — 53 34 — 34 213 2 215

Tiruputty Talook (Audayanum — 2 2 57 — 57 — — — — — —
(Hindoovee 1 — 1 5 — 5 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 16 — 16 48 — 48 51 — 51 160 — 160

17 2 19 110 — 110 51 — 51 160 — 160

Cauvarepauk (Audayanum — 9 9 69 — 69 — — — — — —
Talook (Sausrapautum — 3 3 34 — 34 — — — — — —
(Hindoovee 1 — 1 3 — 3 — — — 10 — 10
(Teloogoo 23 — 23 43 — 43 36 — 36 191 11 202
(Tamul 40 — 40 30 — 30 39 — 39 426 3 429
(Persian 6 — 6 — — — — — — 2 — 2
(English 1 — 1 — — — — — — 5 — 5

71 12 83 179 — 179 75 — 75 634 14 648

133

134

Name of the All other Castes Grand Total Musulman Total Hindoos &
District Scholars Musalman
M F T M F T M F T M F T

Chittoor Talook (Audayanum — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8
(Hindoovee — — — 32 — 32 — — — 32 — 32
(Teloogoo — — — 183 2 185 4 — 4 187 2 189
(Tamul — — — 72 — 72 — — — 72 — 72
(Persian — — — — — — 5 — 5 5 — 5
(English — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5

— — — 300 2 302 9 — 9 309 2 311

Tiruputty Talook (Audayanum — — — 57 — 57 — — — 57 — 57
(Hindoovee — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5
(Teloogoo 19 — 19 278 — 278 10 — 10 288 — 288

19 — 19 340 — 340 10 — 10 350 — 350

Cauverepauk (Audayanum — — — 69 — 69 — — — 69 — 69
Talook (Sausrapautum — — — 34 — 34 — — — 34 — 34
(Hindoovee — — — 13 — 13 — — — 13 — 13
(Teloogoo 91 1 92 361 12 373 1 — 1 362 12 374
(Tamul 46 — 46 541 3 544 4 — 4 545 3 548
(Persian — — — 2 — 2 66 — 66 68 — 68
(English — — — 5 — 5 — — — 5 — 5

137 1 138 1025 15 1040 71 — 71 1096 15 1111

(Other talooks follow)

135
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Sholungeer Talook (Audayanum – 5 5 34 – 34 – – – – – –
(Saustrapautum – 7 7 23 – 23 – – – – – –
(Ganetesaaustrum – 2 2 3 – 3 – – – – – –
(Hindoovee 1 – 1 6 – 6 – – – – – –
(Teloogoo 16 – 16 29 – 29 8 – 8 83 – 83
(Tamul 19 – 19 19 – 19 7 – 7 183 – 183
(Persian 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – –
38 14 52 114 – 114 15 – 15 266 – 266
Tiruvullum Talook (Audayanum – 6 6 20 – 20 – – – – – –
(Hindoovee 1 – 1 2 – 2 – – – – – –
(Teloogoo 4 – 4 12 – 12 9 – 9 10 – 10
(Tamul 18 – 18 16 – 16 16 – 16 110 – 110
23 6 29 50 – 50 25 – 25 120 – 120
Sautgud Talook (Audayanum – 1 1 9 – 9 – – – – – –
(Pautasalah – 4 4 13 – 13 – – – – – –
(Grenthum 1 – 1 8 – 8 – – – – – –
(Teloogoo 6 – 6 7 – 7 6 – 6 20 – 20
(Tamul 14 – 14 12 1 13 7 – 7 88 – 88
(Persian 10 – 10 – – – – – – – – –
31 5 36 49 1 50 13 – 13 108 – 108
Cuddapattum (Teloogoo 16 – 16 16 – 16 36 – 36 43 – 43
Talook

136

(1) (2) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)

Sholungeer Talook (Audayanum — — — 34 — 34 — — — 34 — 34
(Saustrapautum — — — 23 — 23 — — — 23 — 23
(Ganetesasutrum — — — 6 — 6 — — — 3 — 3
(Hindoovee — — — 3 — 3 — — — 6 — 6
(Teloogoo — — — 120 — 120 — — — 120 — 120
(Tamul 3 — 3 212 — 212 1 — 1 213 — 213
(Persian — — — — — — 9 — 9 9 — 9

3 — 3 398 — 398 10 — 10 408 — 408

Tiruvullum Talook (Audayanum — — — 20 — 20 — — — 20 — 20
(Hindoovee — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2
(Teloogoo 9 — 9 40 — 40 — — — 40 — 40
(Tamul 19 — 19 161 — 161 15 — 15 176 — 176

28 — 28 223 — 223 15 — 15 238 — 238

Sautgud Talook (Audayanum — — — 9 — 9 — — — 9 — 9
(Pautasalah — — — 13 — 13 — — — 13 — 13
(Grenthum — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8
(Teloogoo 14 3 17 47 3 50 — — — 47 3 50
(Tamul 1 — 1 108 1 109 29 — 29 137 1 138
(Persian — — — — — — 110 5 115 110 5 115

15 3 18 185 4 189 139 5 144 324 9 333

Cuddapattum Talook (Teloogoo 33 — 33 128 — 128 — — — 128 — 128
(Other talooks follow)

137

(Cols. 15-26 on next page)

(1) (2) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)
Arcot Talook (Audayanum — — — 16 — 16 — — — 16 — 16
(Saustrapautum — — — 28 — 28 — — — 28 — 28
(Hindoovee 17 — 17 29 — 29 — — — 29 — 29
(Teloogoo 8 1 9 169 1 170 — — — 169 1 170
(Tamul 63 — 63 773 — 773 8 — 8 781 — 781
(Persian — — — — — — 96 — 96 96 — 96
(English — — — 17 — 17 — — — 17 — 17
88 1 89 1032 1 1033 104 — 104 1136 1 1137
Pullecondah (Audayanum — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2
Talook (Hindoovee — — — 25 — 25 — — — 25 — 25
(Teloogoo 11 — 11 208 11 219 12 — 12 220 11 231
(Tamul 17 1 18 848 2 850 64 — 64 912 2 914
(Persian — — — — — — 81 4 85 81 4 85
(English — — — 32 — 32 2 — 2 34 — 34
28 1 29 1115 13 1128 159 4 163 1274 17 1291
Terwvttoor Talook (Audayanum — — — 16 — 16 — — — 16 — 16
(Pautasalah — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2
(Hindoovee — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8
(Teloogoo — — — 76 4 80 — — — 76 4 80
(Tamul 1 — 1 600 — 600 — — — 600 — 600
1 — 1 702 4 706 — — — 702 4 706
(Other talooks follow)
138

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Poloor Talook (Audayanum — 1 1 9 — 9 — — — — — —
(Saustrapautum — — — 4 — 4 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 1 — 1 11 — 11 5 — 5 4 — 4
(Tamul 48 — 48 29 — 29 42 — 42 414 — 14
(English 2 — 2 — — — — — — — — —
51 1 52 53 — 53 47 — 47 418 — 418
Wundawash (Audayanum — 6 6 38 — 38 — — — — — —
Talook (Saustrapautam — 2 2 6 — 6 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 9 — 9 29 — 29 5 — 5 33 — 33
(Tamul 47 — 47 31 — 31 8 — 8 404 — 404
56 8 64 104 — 104 13 — 13 437 — 437
Sutawaid Talook (Audayanum — 3 3 6 — 6 — — — — — —
(Saustrapautum — — — 2 — 2 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 15 — 15 25 — 25 45 — 45 25 — 25
(Tamul 10 — 10 — — — 39 — 39 12 — 12
25 3 28 33 — 33 84 — 84 37 — 37
Bungauree Talook (Audayanum — 2 2 8 — 8 — — — — — —
(Caveapautum — 1 1 1 — 1 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 9 — 9 19 — 19 25 — 25 25 — 25
(Tamul 1 — 1 — — — — — — 4 — 4
10 3 13 28 — 28 25 — 25 29 — 29
(Cols. 15-26 on next page)
139

(1) (2) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)
Poloor Talook (Audayanum — — — 9 — 9 — — — 9 — 9
(Saustrapautum — — — 4 — 4 — — — 4 — 4
(Teloogoo — — — 20 — 20 — — — 20 — 20
(Tamul 25 — 25 510 — 510 11 — 11 521 — 521
(English — — — — — — 18 2 20 18 2 20
25 — 25 543 — 543 29 2 31 572 2 574
Wundawash (Audayanum — — — 38 — 38 — — — 38 — 38
Talook (Saustrapautam — — — 6 — 6 — — — 6 — 6
(Teloogoo — — — 67 — 67 — — — 67 — 67
(Tamul 4 — 4 447 — 447 — — — 447 — 447
4 — 4 558 — 558 — — — 558 — 558
Sutawaid Talook (Audayanum — — — 6 — 6 — — — 6 — 6
(Saustrapautum — — — 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2
(Teloogoo 83 1 84 178 1 179 1 — 1 179 1 180
(Tamul 40 — 40 91 — 91 1 — 1 92 — 92
123 1 124 227 1 228 2 — 2 279 1 280
Bungauree Talook (Audayanum — — — 8 — 8 — — — 8 — 8
(Caveapautum — — — 1 — 1 — — — 1 — 1
(Teloogoo — — — 75 — 75 — — — 75 — 75
(Tamul — — — 4 — 4 — — — 4 — 4
— — — 88 — 88 — — — 88 — 88
(Other talocks follow)
140

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Mogaraul Talook (Audayanum — 1 1 6 — 6 — — — — — —
(Saustrapautum — 1 1 4 — 4 — — — — — —
(Hindoovee 2 — 2 15 — 15 — — — — — —
(Teloogoo 30 — 30 15 — 15 64 — 64 86 — 86
32 2 34 40 — 40 64 — 64 86 — 86
Venkatagery Coteh (Teloogoo 2 — 2 — — — 2 — 2 6 — 6
Talook
Abstract (Audayanum — 43 43 298 — 298 — — — — — —
(Saustrapautum — 24 24 117 — 117 — — — — — —
(Ganatesaustrum — 2 2 3 — 3 — — — — — —
(Grenthem 1 — 1 8 — 8 — — — — — —
(Hindoovee 16 — 16 92 — 92 1 — 1 25 — 25
(Teloogoo 201 — 201 312 — 312 395 — 395 1142 28 1170
(Tamul 365 — 365 280 1 281 234 — 234 3634 4 3638
(Persian 40 — 40 — — — — — — 5 — 5
(English 7 — 7 6 — 6 — — — 53 — 53
Grand Total 630 69 699 1116 1 1117 630 — 630 4856 32 4888
Total Population Male Female Total Total Population Male Female Total

1. Chittoor Talook 2835 2618 5453 5. Tiruvallam Talook 2732 2314 5096
2. Tiruputty Talook 1814 1536 3350 6. Sautgud Talook 2172 1682 3854
3. Cauverepauk Talook 5580 4578 10758 7. Cuddapanuttum Talook 1001 780 1781
4. Sholunger Talook 2575 1791 4366 8. Arcot Talook 6254 5915 12169
   141

142

(1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
2 Rajasambapoorama Venkobahchary — 1 — — 1
Annachetterum Soobahbutt — 2 — — 2
5 Sakoovarumbapporam Jeagnadavadiar — 5 — — 5
Jyahsastry — 17 — — 17
Narayanasastry — 5 — — 5
Rajasastry — 2 — — 2
Town & Villages Rajasambahpettah Appausastryvadiar — 1 — — 1
belonging to His Mulliamanachatram Punchanadyvudiar — 2 — — 2
Highness the Rajah 2 Dropdambapooram Soobramenysasstry — 8 — — 8
2 Soolachnamcapooram Yeganarainsastry — 4 — — 4
Lingyah — 4 — — 4
Sydambayeepooram Ramasashasastry — 15 — — 15
Vedarinyavadiar — 10 — — 10
Yemoonam— Soobaditchetar — 2 — — 2
4 Cahpettah Vengoosastry — 3 — — 3
Mohanam Ragoonadiengar — 3 — — 3
4 Cahpooram
Rajakomarambah- Ragoonadachary — 3 — — 3
pooram Annahvedauny — 2 — — 2
Auyaloowadiar — 4 — — 4
Sashavadiar — 2 — — 2
Umbaviyas — 3 — — 3
Jyahavadiar — 5 — — 5
Jyahovingar — 5 — — 5
Jyahviengar — 8 — — 8
Total 71 71 — 407 — — 407
Grand Total 109 769 — — 769

Tanjore Nagapatam 28th June 1823 J. Cotton, Principal Collector

ABSTRACT SHOWING THE DIFFERENT DESCRIPTIONS OF
Schools | Col- | To- | No. of | The time which | Col-
| leges | tal | Schol- | scholars usually | leges
| | | ars | continue at school |
Audayanum | - | 43 | 43 | 298 | 10 or 12 years | 7
or Theologi- | | | | | | 1
cal Studies | | | | | | 7
| | | | | | 28
| 43 | 43 | 298 | | 43
Sastrapottom | - | 24 | 24 | 117 | 8 or 9 years | 18
(a) | | | | | | 2
Hindoo law | | | | | | 1
etc.) | | | | | | 3
| - | 24 | 24 | 117 | | 24
Ganeeta | - | 2 | 2 | 3 | 10 or 12 years | 2
Sastrum | | | | | |
or Astronomy) | | | | | |
Grundum | 1 | - | 1 | 8 | 5 or 6 years | 3
Hindvee | 16 | - | 16 | 135) | | 580
Teloogoo | 201 | - | 201 | 2218) | |
Tamil | 365 | - | 365 | 4506) | |
143

INSTITUTIONS AND THE MEANS BY WHICH THEY ARE SUPPORTED
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Schl-        Remarks               Amount
ars                          Rs. A. P.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
84 Free of charge                   —  —  —
12 Ditto - the teacher being their own relatives      —  —  —
39 The monthly charge to each scholar being from
1 Annah and 2 pice the lowest rate and 2 Rs
the highest rate making the yearly charge to
each scholar of the lower class 14 Annas and
24 Rs as the higher Class
Total monthly receipts of the 7 colleges
Rs.2.9.6 or yearly charge of -ditto-         331  2  —
163 Public Colleges Csw. Annas Teerwa
Maniem Poorjee 12  4 ¾ 36.12.6}
Nunjee     26  4 ¾ 342.13.8}
38  8 ¾ 379.10.2}
Mairah    —   —  137.01.7}
━━━━
Rupees 516.11.9}         516 11  9
The Annual Allowance to each teacher in the Col-
leges is from Rs.3.8 the lower class and 36 Rs.
and 12 as. the higher class.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
298 Yearly charge                   847 13  9
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
81 Free of Charge                   —  —  —
14 Ditto - the teachers being their own relatives     —  —  —
4 Public Colleges Mairah in Umbee Village
amounts to                     5  8  4
18 The monthly charge to each Scholar is from 2
Annas and 6 pice the lower rate and 1 Rs the
higher rate making the yearly charge to each
scholar of the lower class 1 Rs. and 14 Annas, and
12 Rs. as the higher rate-Total monthly Rs.8-11-6
or yearly charge of Ditto             104 10  —
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
117                           110  2  4
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
3 Free of Charge                   —  —  —
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
131 Free of Charge                   —  —  —
6736 The Monthly charge to each Scholar being from 1 a.
and 3 pice the lower rate and 1 Rs 12 as. the higher
rate making the yearly charge to each scholar of the (Continued)
144

Schools Col- Total No. of The time which Col-
leges Schol- scholars usually leges
ars continue at school

[...contd.]

583 — 583 6867 583

Persian 40 — 40 398 1
1
7 or 8 years 6
1
31
40

40 40 398

English 7 — 7 61 6 or 7 years 3
4

7 — 7 61 7

Collectors Cutcherry, 3rd March 1823
145

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Schol- Remarks Amount
ars Rs. A. P.
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
lower class 15 annas and 21 Rs as the higher rate-
Total monthly receipts of the 580 Schools is
Rs. 1795-0-5 ¼ or yearly charge of -ditto- 21540 5 4
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
6867 21540 5 4
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
13 Free of Charge — — —
2 -do- teachers being their own relatives — — —
68 Public schools-1 School consists of 8 scholars
established at Paranambut in Sautgud talook-
Mahomed Ghouse is the teacher who receives
a Yeomiah-¼ Rupee per diem-7½ Rupees per
month-or yearly allowance is Rs..90 90 — —
Cusba Arcot
Schools consist of 60 scholars
@12 per each School-5 Tutors
@4 Rupees each per month-Rs.20 20 — —

1. Darogah Gholum Mahuddeen
   @20 Rs. per month-Expence 20 — —
   Keechudu or boiled rice allowed once per day is 63 7 8
2. Cook 2 8 —
   Monthly 105 15 8
   or yearly charge 1271 12 —
   1361 12 —
   7 Nabobs-1. Tutor named Moollah Saheb at
   Mailcoopum Village Yearly allowance granted to
   him is Rupees 28 7 11
   308 The monthly charge-to each scholar being from
   2 annas and 6 pice the lower rate and 2 Rs. the
   higher rate making the yearly charge to each
   scholar of the lower class. 1 Rupee and 14 annas
   and 24 Rs. as the higher rate-Total monthly
   398 receipts of the 31 Schools Rs. 119-4-2 or 1431 2 —
   ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   Yearly charges 2822 5 —
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
   17 Free of charge — — —
   44 The monthly charge to each scholar being from 10
   annas the lower rate and 3 Rupees 8 Annas the
   higher rate-Making the yearly charge to each
   Scholar of the lower Classes 7½ Rs., and 42 Rs. as
   the higher rate-Total monthly receipts of the 4
   schools is Rupees 45 — —
   ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   61 Yearly charge is 540 — —
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
   146

XIII
COLLECTOR OF CHINGLEPUT TO
BOARD OF REVENUE:
3.4.1823
(TNSA: BRP: Vol. 946, Pro. 7.4.1823 pp.3493-96 No.25)

1. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
   Secretary’s letter of the 25th of July last, and to transmit a state-
   ment in the prescribed Form, respecting the places of tuition and
   number of scholars in the this district.
2. There are no colleges properly so called but there are a
   few places in which the higher branches of learning are taught to
   a small number of pupils which I have classed separately.
3. A village school master earns from 3½ to 12 rupees per
   month. I think the average is no more than 7 rupees. The
   scholars are subsisted in their own houses and only attend the
   school during a part of the day. For the most part their
   attendance is very irregular. Few of the school masters are
   acquainted with the grammar of the language which they profess
   to teach, and neither the master nor scholars understand the
   meaning of the sentences which they repeat.
4. I do not find that any allowance has been made by the
   Native Governments for education in this district, but in some
   villages there are trifling Mauneoms, from a quarter of a Cawny
   to two Cawnies of land, for Vaidavartyars or Theological
   teachers.
5. I have published in the district that there is no intention
   to interfere with the people in the mode of education, and that
   no change is contemplated except it be to aid existing
   institutions.
6. Education cannot well, in a civilized state, be on a lower
   scale than it is and I much fear there does not exist the same
   desire for improvement as is reported of the natives of Bengal.
   Zillah Chingleput,
   Poodooputnum, S. Smalley,
   3rd April 1823. Collector.
   (Statement on next page)
   147

148

XIV
PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR OF SOUTH ARCOT TO BOARD OF
REVENUE:
29.6.1823 Cuddalore
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.954, Pro.7.7.1823, pp.5622-24 No.59-60)

1. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
   Deputy Secretary’s letter under date the 25th of July 1822 with
   its enclosures, in conformity to which I herewith submit a
   statement of the number of native schools and colleges in this
   Collectorate drawn out according to the Form received from your
   Board.
2. The number of schools which this statement exhibits
   have each one teacher where reading and writing in the Malabar
   and Gentoo languages, are taught. The payment made for each
   scholar is from 1 fanam to 1 Pagoda per month according to the
   condition and circumstances of their parents. The scholars
   generally attend the school from 6 to 10 o’clock in the morning
   then from 12 to 2 and lastly from 3 to 7 and 8 o’clock in the
   evening.
3. There are no private or public schools for teaching
   Technology, Law, Astronomy, etc., in this Collectorate, and no
   allowance of any sort has ever been granted by the Native
   Governments to schools the masters of which are entirely
   supported by the parents of the scholars.
   Principal Collector’s
   Cutcherry, Cuddalore, C. Hyde,
   29th June, 1823. Principal Collector.
   (Statement on following pages)
   149

150

151

152