द ब्यूटीफुल ट्री: १८वीं सदी में भारत की स्वदेशी गुरुकुल शिक्षा (धर्मपाल)

IX
COLLECTOR OF MADURA TO BOARD OF REVENUE: 5.2.1823
(TNSA: BRP—Vol.942, Pro.13.2.1823, pp.2402-406 No.21)

1. I had previous to the receipt of the instructions of
   government made some little inquiry into the state of the schools
   in this district and have endeavoured to ascertain, should their
   number be increased, if the poorer classes would be induced to
   bring their children to them, to be educated amongst the lower
   class; I see little hope of such an improvement. They say as they
   are poor, their children are better employed in attending bul-
   locks, etc., by which they gain a livelihood, than being at school.
   In the Fort of Madura and the different Cusbah villages some
   schools might be established with advantage. Many people of
   caste would, I have no doubt, send their children to such
   schools, and as the benefit derivable from education began
   gradually to develop itself, the numbers would increase. Five or 6
   schools in the Fort of Madura, and 2 or 3 in each of the
   Cusbahs, granting the masters a small monthly salary of 30 to
   40 fanams* would be sufficient, and I have no doubt the Heads
   of Villages would be induced to send their children there, which
   would render such establishments most desirable as very few
   Nattawkars throughout the district can either read or write, and
   are consequently totally dependent on the Curnams.
2. From the statement it would seem, that in a population
   of nearly 800,000, there are stated to be only 844 schools, and
   in them 13,781 children educated. That the number should be
   increased must be wished for.
3. From the several statements received from the different
   divisions, it does not appear that any Mauneom lands are
   enjoyed for the purpose of schools; but that the teachers are
   paid by the poorer classes of people from ½ to 1 fanam for each
   scholar per month, and from 2 to 3 and 5 fanams by those in
   better circumstances, and that a teacher derives from 30 to 60
   cully fanams** per month in large villages, and from 10 to 30
   fanams in small villages—scholars usually first attend school at
   the age of 5 and leave it from 12 to 15.
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4. In Agrahrom villages inhabited by Bramins, it has been
   usual from time immemorial to allot for the enjoyment of those
   who study the Vaidoms (Religion), and Pooraunoms (Historical
   traditions), an extent of Mauneom land yielding from 20 to 50
   fanams per annum, and in a few but rare instances to the extent
   of 100 fanams, and they gratuitously and generally instruct
   such pupils as may voluntarily be brought to them.
5. Female children devoted for the profession of dancing
   girls at the Hindoo temples are only instructed at schools.
   Teroomungalom, R. Peter,
   5th February, 1823. Collector.
   (Statement on following page)
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X
PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR, TANJORE TO
BOARD OF REVENUE:
28.6.1823
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.953, Pro.3.7.1823 pp.5345-5347 No.61)
With reference to your Secretary’s letter of the 25th of July
last, and its enclosures, I have the honor now to transmit a
statement in the prescribed Form, prepared from the Returns
received from the Tasildars of the number of schools and
colleges in this District accompanied by two other statements
Nos.1 and 2, more in detail, which will I expect, afford every
information, that your Board and government desire to receive
on the subject, being necessary for me only to add that it does
not appear, any funds granted for these institutions, have been
either resumed or diverted from their original purpose.
Tanjore Negapatam, J. Cotton,
28th June, 1823. Principal Collector.
(Statement on following pages)
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XI
COLLECTOR, MADRAS TO BOARD OF REVENUE: 13.11.1822
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.931, Pro.14.11.1822 pp.10, 512-13 No.57-8)

1. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
   under date the 25th July last, with one from government and to
   forward the statement therein called for.
2. Adverting to the Orders of Government above referred to
   I beg leave to submit the information I have been able to obtain
   on the several questions connected with the system of education
   adopted in this Collectorate.
3. The schools enumerated in the statement comprise only
   those in which the various descriptions of the Hindoo and
   Mussulman children are educated.
4. These children are sent to school when they are above
   five years old and their continuance in it depends in a great
   measure on their mental faculties, but it is generally admitted
   that before they attain their thirteenth year of age, their acquire-
   ment in the various branches of learning are uncommonly great,
   a circumstance very justly ascribed to an emulation and perse-
   verance peculiar only to the Hindoo castes.
5. Astronomy, Astrology, etc., are in some instances taught
   to the children of the poorer class of Bramins gratis, and in
   certain few cases an allowance is given proportionate to the
   circumstances of the parents or guardians.
6. In this Collectorate there are no schools endowed by the
   public. Those denominated ‘Charity schools’ include a few insti-
   tutions of that description under the immediate control of the
   missionary society. The scholars in them are therefore of various
   sects and persuasions.
7. These Charity schools are abolished at the pleasure of
   their supporters.
8. The allowances paid to each of the teachers in a school
   seldom exceed 12 pagodas per annum for every scholar.
   Madras Cutcherry, L.G.K. Murray,
   13th November 1822. Collector.
   (Statement on next page)
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XII
PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR, NORTH ARCOT DISTRICT TO BOARD
OF REVENUE:
3.3.1823
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.944, Pro.10.3.1823, pp.2806-16 No.20-1)

1. Accompanying I have the honor to forward a statement
   of the colleges and other institutions in this District for the
   education of pupils.
2. In addition to the Form received with your Secretary’s
   letter I have prepared an abstract, showing the different
   descriptions of these institutions, and the means by which they
   are supported.
3. Those receiving endowments from the government are as
   follows. The Persian schools at Arcot, mention of which was
   made in Mr Chamier’s letter, transmitted by me to your Board
   under date 10th December 1822.
4. Some colleges (28) are established in different parts of
   the district, the expenses of which are defrayed from Mauneoms
   and Mairas, which have been granted by former governments on
   this account, and which are still appropriated to these purposes,
   the total of their amount is Rs.516-11-9.
5. A Persian School in the Sautgud talook is also supported
   on the grant of a Yeomiah of ¼ rupee per diem, where about 8
   scholars are instructed in the Persian language, and a trifling
   Maira of rupees 5-8-4 is received for one of the colleges in the
   talook of Cauvareepauk. These form the whole of the expense
   defrayed by government on this account.
6. Certain of the institutions from different branches of
   learning will be seen entered as free of charge, these are
   conducted by persons of some acquirements and who voluntarily
   give up a part of their time for this purpose, but the greater
   portion of the seminaries are instituted by those gaining their
   livelihood by this means, and rates of charge are very variable,
   being according to the nature of the studies, or the means of the
   parties.
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