द ब्यूटीफुल ट्री: १८वीं सदी में भारत की स्वदेशी गुरुकुल शिक्षा (धर्मपाल)

98

VI
ASSISTANT COLLECTOR, SERINGAPATAM TO BOARD OF
REVENUE:
29.10.1822
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.929 Pro.4.11.1822 pp.10260-2 Nos.33&4)

1. I have the honor to transmit in conformity to the
   instructions conveyed in your letter of the 25th July last, a
   statement exhibiting the number of seminaries within this zillah.
2. The extent of information acquired under the present
   prevailing system of education is extremely limited—nothing
   more is professed to be taught in these day-schools than
   reading, writing, and arithmetic, just competent for the
   discharge of the common daily transactions of society.
3. There are no traces on record, as far as I can ascertain,
   of endowments in land towards the support of colleges and
   schools having at a former period been granted either by the
   then existing government or any patriotic private individuals.
   The superintendents of the different seminaries were left for
   remuneration, entirely to the parents of the respective students
   frequenting them, and which system obtains to the present day.
4. It appears that for each pupil the preceptor receives 5
   annas monthly which makes the total annual expenditure for
   the purposes of education within the Island of Seringapatam
   amount to rupees 2,351 and annas 4. This sum, divided
   amongst 41 superintendents, gives each on an average the very
   inadequate and trifling income of rupees 57 annas 5 and pice 5.
   Seringapatam H. Vibart
   29th October 1822. Assistant Collector in charge.
   (Statement on following page)
   99

100

VII
COLLECTOR, TINNEVELLY TO BOARD OF REVENUE:
7.11.1822
(TNSA: BRP Vol.931, Pro.18.11.1822 No.37, pp. 10545-6)
I have now the honor of forwarding a complete account of
schools in this district according to the prescribed Form. The
accounts from the talook of Punjamahl not having been received
at the time of my sending those of the other talooks.
The total under the head of population appears to have
been erroneous, and is correctly given in the statement, now
sent:
Tinnevelly, J.B. Hudleston,
7th November 1822. Collector.
(Statement on following page)
101

102

VIII
PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR, COIMBATORE TO
BOARD OF REVENUE:
23.11.1822
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.932, Pro.2.12.1822, pp.10939-943, No.43)
To,
The President and Members of the Board of Revenue
Gentlemen,

1. I have the honor to forward the information called for in
   Mr Clarke’s letter of the 25th July 1882 regarding the schools in
   the district.
2. The statement No.1 is drawn up after the Form which
   accompanied Mr Clarke’s letter.
   The statement No.2 shows the particular language taught
   in each school, the number of pupils, the average amount of
   stipends paid by parents, to the teachers, the average annual
   charge to pupils for the purchase of cadjans.
   The statement No.3 shows the number of institutions in
   which Theology, Law and Astronomy are taught, the number of
   pupils educated in them, and the amount of maximum land
   granted by the Hindu Government, for their support, and
   assumed either by the Mussulman, or by the British
   Government.
3. The earliest age at which boys attend school is 5 years,
   they continue there until they are 13 or 14. Those who study
   Theology, Law, etc., begin at about 15 and continue to frequent
   the colleges until they have attained a competent knowledge in
   the Science, or until they obtain employment.
4. Besides their regular stipends, school masters generally
   receive presents, from the parents of their pupils, at the Das-
   sarah and other great feasts; a fee is also given when the pupil
   begins a new book. The annual stipend from one pupil varies
   from Rs.14 to Rs.3 per annum, according to the circumstances
   of the parents. The school hours are from 6 a.m. to 10, and from
   1 to 2 p.m. until 8 at night. Besides the several festivals they
   have regular holidays, 4 days in each month on the full moon,
   the new moon, and a day after each.
   103

5. The education of females is almost entirely confined in
   this district to the dancing women, who are generally of the
   Kykeler caste, a class of weavers. There are exceptions to this
   rule, but the numbers are too insignificant to require notice.
6. There is a school for teaching English in the town of
   Coimbatore, which is superintended by an English writer
   belonging to this Cutcheree.
   Coimbatore, (Signed) J. SULLIVAN,
   23rd November 1822. Principal Collector.
   (Statements on following pages)
   104

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IX
COLLECTOR OF MADURA TO BOARD OF REVENUE: 5.2.1823
(TNSA: BRP—Vol.942, Pro.13.2.1823, pp.2402-406 No.21)

1. I had previous to the receipt of the instructions of
   government made some little inquiry into the state of the schools
   in this district and have endeavoured to ascertain, should their
   number be increased, if the poorer classes would be induced to
   bring their children to them, to be educated amongst the lower
   class; I see little hope of such an improvement. They say as they
   are poor, their children are better employed in attending bul-
   locks, etc., by which they gain a livelihood, than being at school.
   In the Fort of Madura and the different Cusbah villages some
   schools might be established with advantage. Many people of
   caste would, I have no doubt, send their children to such
   schools, and as the benefit derivable from education began
   gradually to develop itself, the numbers would increase. Five or 6
   schools in the Fort of Madura, and 2 or 3 in each of the
   Cusbahs, granting the masters a small monthly salary of 30 to
   40 fanams* would be sufficient, and I have no doubt the Heads
   of Villages would be induced to send their children there, which
   would render such establishments most desirable as very few
   Nattawkars throughout the district can either read or write, and
   are consequently totally dependent on the Curnams.
2. From the statement it would seem, that in a population
   of nearly 800,000, there are stated to be only 844 schools, and
   in them 13,781 children educated. That the number should be
   increased must be wished for.
3. From the several statements received from the different
   divisions, it does not appear that any Mauneom lands are
   enjoyed for the purpose of schools; but that the teachers are
   paid by the poorer classes of people from ½ to 1 fanam for each
   scholar per month, and from 2 to 3 and 5 fanams by those in
   better circumstances, and that a teacher derives from 30 to 60
   cully fanams** per month in large villages, and from 10 to 30
   fanams in small villages—scholars usually first attend school at
   the age of 5 and leave it from 12 to 15.
   112

4. In Agrahrom villages inhabited by Bramins, it has been
   usual from time immemorial to allot for the enjoyment of those
   who study the Vaidoms (Religion), and Pooraunoms (Historical
   traditions), an extent of Mauneom land yielding from 20 to 50
   fanams per annum, and in a few but rare instances to the extent
   of 100 fanams, and they gratuitously and generally instruct
   such pupils as may voluntarily be brought to them.
5. Female children devoted for the profession of dancing
   girls at the Hindoo temples are only instructed at schools.
   Teroomungalom, R. Peter,
   5th February, 1823. Collector.
   (Statement on following page)
   113

114

X
PRINCIPAL COLLECTOR, TANJORE TO
BOARD OF REVENUE:
28.6.1823
(TNSA: BRP: Vol.953, Pro.3.7.1823 pp.5345-5347 No.61)
With reference to your Secretary’s letter of the 25th of July
last, and its enclosures, I have the honor now to transmit a
statement in the prescribed Form, prepared from the Returns
received from the Tasildars of the number of schools and
colleges in this District accompanied by two other statements
Nos.1 and 2, more in detail, which will I expect, afford every
information, that your Board and government desire to receive
on the subject, being necessary for me only to add that it does
not appear, any funds granted for these institutions, have been
either resumed or diverted from their original purpose.
Tanjore Negapatam, J. Cotton,
28th June, 1823. Principal Collector.
(Statement on following pages)
115

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