सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

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That the positions of the planets while setting or rising
heliacally will be situated symmetrically with respect to
the Sun, goes without saying.
But one thing. In the chapter called Udayāstamayā-
dhyāya, the degrees known as Kālāṁśas which are given
as the arcs between the planets and the Sun for heliacal
rising or setting, are different from the numbers given
above, for, the latter are the values of the Śīghra anomaly.
In the case of Mars when the Śīghra anomaly is 28°, the
Śīghraphala will be 11°, so that the apparent distance of
the planet will be 28° - 11° = 17° which are the Kālāṁśas
for Mars. Similarly in the case of Jupiter, when the
Śīghra anomaly is 14°, the Śīghraphala will be 3°, so that
the distance between the planet and the Sun as seen from
the earth will be 11°, which are given as Jupiter's Kālā-
ṁśas. Also in the case of Saturn, the Śīghraphala for 17°
of anomaly will be 2°, so that the Kālāṁśas would be 15°.
Verse 43. Mercury and Venus rise in the West by
50° and 24° of Śīghra anomaly respectively, and set in
the West by 155°, and 177° respectively. They rise in the
East by 205° and 183° of Śīghra anomaly and set there by
310° and 336° respectively.
Comm. Regarding the Inferior planets, they rise
heliacally in the East after Inferior conjunction and then
they are retrograde. They attain gradually the maximum
elongation in the East and after they revert to direct
motion, their elongation gradually decreases. They then
set in the East and heliacally rise thereafter in the West.
There again their elongation attains a maximum value;
then they begin to retrograde and gradually set in the
West only to rise in the East. This is all clear from the
heliocentric figure 11. When the Śīghra anomalies of
Mercury and Venus happen to be respectively 50° and 24°,
their Śīghraphalas would be 13° and 11° respectively, so
that they are themselves the Kālāṁśas, in as much as in
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