सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

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ie. if rR (U - V) > Rr (V - U). U - V is + ve and
equal to V - U.
So the positive velocity at S' of the planet will be
equal to its negative or retrograde velocity at C. A quan-
tity assuming values K, O, - K,O,K must have a value
numerically less than K in between. Thus the velocity
direct or retrograde at any point of the orbit is less than
the numerical value of the velocity at S' and C.
Verse 41. Retrograde motion.
The planets Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn
will be retrograde when the Sīghra anomaly assumes values
163, 145, 125, 165 and 113 respectively and the direct
motion again ensues at (360 - 163), (360 - 145), (360 - 125),
360 - (165) and (360 - 113) respectively.
Comm. Since we have had the formula VI
cos m = - ( (rU + Rv) / (rV + RU) ) for stationary points,
noting that cos (180 - θ) = - cos θ = cos (180 + θ) the
stationary points are symmetrically situated with respect
to S' of figures 11 and 12. As mentioned before substitut-
ing the values of U, V, r, R for all the planets we can
prove the veracity of Bhāskara's statement.
Verse 42. Heliacal rising and setting of planets.
Mars rises heliacally in the East by 28°, Jupiter by
14°, Saturn by 17° of Sīghra anomaly and set heliacally in
the west by degrees which are the differences of the above
and 360° respectively.
Comm. The Sun's velocity being greater than that of
the Superior planets, the Sun overtakes them so that they
set in west and rise in the East. When these planets are