सिद्धान्तशिरोमणि: गणिताध्याय (भास्कराचार्य - ग्रहगणित, मध्यमाधिकार व स्पष्टाधिकार सटीक)

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the slowest motion there. So this point A₂ is termed
Mandoccha, Manda because it is point where the planet is
slowest and Uccha because it is the highest or the farthest
point from the Earth’s centre. Corresponding to this
Mandoccha in the eccentric circle A₁ is termed the
Uccha in the mean circle. Also p the point where E₁M₂
the line joining the Earth’s centre to the actual planet
and called the Mandakarna, cuts the mean orbit is taken
to be the position where the apparent planet is situ-
ated. Thus ‘p’ is seen to be deflected from the mean
planet M₁ towards the Mandoccha on which account
the Mandoccha is considered to be attracting the planet
“ उच्चोद्याःकर्षको भवति ” as Bhāskara puts it. The angle
A₂Ê₂M₂ is spoken of as the Manda-Kendra or the mean
anomaly and it is equal to Z₂Ê₂M₂ – Z₂Ê₂A₂ = longi-
tude of the planet minus the longitude of the Mandoccha,
where E₁Z₁ and the parallel E₂Z₂ are directions towards
the Zero-Point of the Zodiac. This accounts for the
statement ‘मन्दूच्चेन हीनो ग्रहो मन्दकेन्द्रम्’ (of the verse under
elucidation) i.e. the excess of the longitude of the planet
over that of the Mandoccha is termed Mandakendra.
While M₁ is termed the Madhya-graha in the mean
orbit, M₂ is termed the prativritta-Madhyagraha, and
not spaṣṭagraha as might be deemed, while p is spoken
of as the spaṣṭagraha or the True planet or apparent
position of the planet. The word Prativritta stands for the
eccentric circle. Now M₁P the difference between the
mean and True positions is spoken of as the Mandaphala
which corresponds to