सङ्गीतरत्नाकर: प्रथम भाग (शार्ङ्गदेव - स्वरगताध्याय सविस्तार व्याख्या व अनुवाद सहित)

136 Treatment of Svara
(iii) श्रुतीनां स्वरकारणत्वम्
ननु श्रुतिश्चातुर्थ्यादिस्त्वेवं स्वरकारणम् ॥२५॥
त्र्यादीनां तत्र पूर्वासाम् श्रुतीनां हेतुता कथम् ।
ब्रूमश्चतुर्थ्यादीत्याऽऽदिः श्रुतिः पूर्वाऽभिकाङ्क्षया ॥२६॥
निर्धार्यतेऽतः श्रुतयः पूर्वा अप्यत्र हेतवः ।
(iii) Discussion regarding śruti-s causing the svara: 25c-27b
Well indeed, if such śruti-s as the fourth etc.¹, are
admitted to be the cause of the svara-s, how can the other
śruti-s such as the third etc.², be considered as their cause ?
(25c-26b).
We shall presently explain it. Such a śruti, whether
fourth or third etc.³, is determined only with reference to the
preceding śruti-s⁴; therefore, they too constitute the cause of
the svara-s. (26c-27b)
Now it has been established in principle that from out of śruti-s
arise the svara-s, and therefore, śruti-s are conceived as the antecedent
cause of the svara-s. Whatever be the difference of opinion with respect
to the actual relationship between svara and śruti, there is no denying
the fact that all the śruti-s go to bring about the svara-s. At the same
time it is also asserted that since svara is that sound which immediately
follows the śruti in the order of its resonance, it is the fourth, the third
and the second śruti respectively of the three groups of four, three and
two, that goes to produce the svara. If that be so, then the question is,
"On what basis can the other śruti-s such as the third, the second and
the first respectively of the groups of four, three and two be considered
as constituting the cause of the svara-s ?"
The answer is as obvious as the question is clear. The fourth or
third or the second śruti can be so called only if it is preceded by three
śruti-s, two śruti-s and one śruti respectively, and not otherwise. Thus
all the śruti-s of a svara are responsible for its manifestation.

1. 'Fourth etc' of the text refers to column 4 of the above chart
   while by 'etc', Nos. 2 and 3 of the same column are included.
2. 'Third etc' of the text refers to column 5 of the above chart,
   while by etc.' Nos. 2 and 3 of the same column are included.
3. As explained in note 1 above.
4. All those enumerated in columns 5 and 6 of the above chart.
   The śruti-groups as related to the different svara-s are indicated in
   the following chart :
   śruti-groups and the svara-s (notes)
   | S. No. | śruti-group | svara-s | note-position in terms of śruti (in the svara) | note-position in terms of śruti (in the scale) | immediately antecedent śruti (in the svara) | immediately antecedent śruti (in the scale) | other antecedent śruti-s (of the svara) | other antecedent śruti-s (of the svara & the scale) |
   | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
   | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
   | 1 | 4-śruti interval | ṣaḍja | 4th | 4th | 3rd | 3rd | 2nd & 1st | 2nd & 1st |
   | | | madhyama | " | 13th | " | 12th | " | 11th & 10th |
   | | | pañcama | " | 17th | " | 16th | " | 15th & 14th |
   | 2 | 3-śruti interval | ṛṣabha | 3rd | 7th | 2nd | 6th | 1st | 5th |
   | | | dhaivata | " | 20th | " | 19th | " | 18th |
   | 3 | 2-śruti interval | gāndhāra | 2nd | 9th | 1st | 8th | — | — |
   | | | niṣāda | " | 22th | " | 21th | — | — |
   (Chart 5)
   (iv) पञ्चजातिषु सप्तस्वरेषु च सनाम श्रुति-विभाजनम्
   दीप्ताऽऽयता च करुणा मृदुर्मध्येति जातयः ॥२७॥
   श्रुतीनां पञ्च तासां च स्वरेष्वेवं व्यवस्थितिः ।
   दीप्ताऽऽयता मृदुर्मध्या षड्जे स्यादृषभे पुनः ॥२८॥
   संस्थिता करुणा मध्या मृदुर्गान्धारके पुनः ।
   दीप्ताऽऽयते मध्यमे ते मृदुमध्ये च संस्थिते ॥२९॥
   मृदुर्मध्याऽऽयताऽऽख्या च करुणा पञ्चमे स्थिता ।
   करुणा चायता मध्या धैवते सप्तमे पुनः ॥३०॥
   दीप्ता मध्येति तासां च जातीनां ब्रूमहे भिदाः ।
   तीव्रा रौद्री वज्रिकोक्तेत्युक्ता दीप्ता चतुर्विधा ॥३१॥
   कुमुद्वत्यायता याऽस्याः क्रोधा चाथ प्रसारिणी ।
   संदीपनी रोहिणी च भेदाः पञ्चेति कीर्तिताः ॥३२॥
   दयावती तथाऽऽलापिन्यथ प्रोक्ता मदन्तिका ।
   त्रयस्ते करुणाभेदा मृदोर्भेदचतुष्टयम् ॥३३॥