सङ्गीतरत्नाकर: प्रथम भाग (शार्ङ्गदेव - स्वरगताध्याय सविस्तार व्याख्या व अनुवाद सहित)

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64 Treatment of Svara
(viii) देहस्य प्रत्यङ्गानि

1. ग्रन्थकृत्प्रतिज्ञा
   अथ वक्ष्यन्ते प्रत्यङ्गान्यखिलान्यपि ॥७५॥
2. त्वचः कलाश्च (प्रत्येकं सप्तधा)
   त्वचः सप्त कलाः सप्त स्नायुश्लेष्मजरायुभिः ।
   छन्नाः कोशाग्निभिः पक्वास्ता धातूनन्तरा ऽन्तरा ॥७६॥
   (or limbs)—two feet, two hands³, the head⁴ and the trunk.
   (75a-c)
   (viii) Sub-organs of human body : 75c-119
3. Author's proposal to deal with the sub-organs : 75cd
   Now, the sub-organs will be dealt with in their entirety.
   (75cd)
4. Skins and membranes : 76-78
   There are seven skins and seven membranes, enclosed
   by fibrous tissues, mucous and membranous coverings, that
   ripen through the internal heat¹ of the tissues and act for
   the boundary lines to sustain in-between them the supportive
   The suborgans are described by the author at length, i. e., upto
   verse No. 119. For the enumeration of the suborgans Suśruta 5. 3-5
   may be consulted.
   The sevenfolds of skin from the innermost tender one to the outer-
   most rough skin, are mentioned by Suśruta (cf. 4. 3-5), though in the
5. Legs are implied in feet.
6. Arms are implied in hands.
7. Cf , Caraka, Śā. Sthā. 7.5, who includes neck also along with
   the head, giving a composite expression of śirogrīvam. In the
   text the head is mentioned first.
8. The expression internal heat of the tissues stands for koṣāgni of
   the text.

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Section 2 : The Genesis of the Human Embodiment 65
सोमभूताश्च धातूनां काष्ठसारोपमा मताः ।
आद्या मांसधरा मांसे सिरा धमनयस्तथा ॥७७॥
स्नायुस्रोतांसि रोहन्ति पङ्के पङ्कजकन्दवत् ।
असृङ्मेदः श्लेष्मशकृत्पित्तशुक्लधराः पराः ॥७८॥
tissues², conceived on the analogy of pith. The first is
māṁsa-dharā (i. e., the flesh-holding one).³ (76-77c)
The veins, arteries, muscles (or sinews) and the
channels⁴ arise from the flesh as the bulbous root of the lotus
(springs) from mire; while the other folds support the blood,
fat, mucous, excrement, bile and semen. (77c-78)
reverse order. Our author begins with the innermost fold while he
begins with the outermost one. The seven layers are as under :

1. Avabhāsinī... Horney layer
2. Lohitā... Stratum lucidum
3. Śvetā... Stratum granulosum
4. Tāmrā... Malpighian layer
5. Vedinī... Papillary layer
6. Rohiṇī... Recticular layer
7. Māṁsadharā... Subcutaneous tissue and Muscles
   However, Caraka speaks of only six layers, viz , udakadharā (that which
   holds water) and asṛgdharā (that which holds blood), etc. in the order
   of outer to the inner. Modern medicine distinguishes only two skins,
   outer and inner called epidermis and dermis, the former is perceived
   in five layers and the latter in two layers.
   For greater detail regarding the various skins and skin-diseases
   associated with them, Suśruta 4.3 may be referred to. The seven kalā-s
   are identified by Suśruta as under (cf., Sa. Sthā. 4. 4-19);
8. Māṁsadharā kalā ... Fascia
9. Raktadharā ,, ... Vascular tissue of the blood vessels, etc.
10. Medodharā ,, ... Adipose tissue
11. Supportive tissues are dhātu-s of the text that are detailed in
    the next verse.
12. The other skins are not mentioned by our author by name,
    these may be seen in the comments.
13. Srota-s are the channels or canals that open outwards in the
    body.
    5