सङ्गीतरत्नाकर: प्रथम भाग (शार्ङ्गदेव - स्वरगताध्याय सविस्तार व्याख्या व अनुवाद सहित)

268 Treatment of Svara
common to a certain class or type of melodic structures called grāma-
rāga-s and such other derived or associated forms. Jāti-s may therefore
be understood as melodic types on the basis of which were developed
the other later melodic structures.
Jāti-s as melodic types are recognized to be eighteen, out of which
seven are called śuddha and eleven are known as saṁsargajā vikṛta. The
jāti-s that are named after the seven śuddha svara-s (standard notes) and
have one of these notes as their final note (nyāsa) after which they are
named, apart from a few other factors to be described shortly, are consi-
dered to be śuddha (pure) in the sense of being the primary and original
types from which the rest were thought to have been derived by modi-
fication, and were on this account called vikṛta (modified). (1-2a)
It may be observed that three important considerations determine
the śuddhatā of jāti-s (i. e. purity, originality or in other words, the r
being primary or otherwise), viz.
(i) that the note which determines their name (such as ṣaḍjī,
ārṣabhī, gāndhārī etc., being named after ṣaḍja, ṛṣabha, gāndhāra
etc. respectively) should function as their final, semifinal,
fundamental and the initial note.
(ii) that they have their final note in the low or the middle heptad
(saptaka), and
(iii) that they are complete, i. e. employing all the seven notes.
Kallinātha points out that since the use of the final note in the high
register is specifically prohibited it is to be inferred that it is ordained in
the low and the middle register despite the fact that Bharata has expli-
citly laid down that the rule that the final note in the śuddha jāti-s should
be in the low register. He argues that if Bharata's rule is taken literally,
the use of the middle ṣaḍja in case of ṣaḍjī ordained by Mataṅga would
be contradictory in practice. That is why, he seems to suggest, Śārṅga-
deva has prescribed a negative rule. (2b-3b)
(ii) विकृता जातयः
विकृता न्यासवर्जंतल्लक्ष्महीना भवन्त्वमॄः ॥३॥
सम्पूर्णत्वग्रहांशापन्यासेष्वेकाकवर्जनात् ।
भवन्ति भेदाश्चत्वारो द्वयोस्त्यागे तु षण्णताः ॥४॥
त्यागे त्रयाणां चत्वार एकस्यक्तं चतुष्टये ।
भेदाः पञ्चदशैवेते षाड्ज्याः सद्भिनिरूपिताः ॥५॥
Section 7 : Jāti-s (Melodic types) 269
तत्राष्टौ पूर्णताहीनाः सप्त त्वितरवजिताः ।
द्विधा स्युः पूर्णताहीनाः षाडवौडुवभेदतः ॥६॥
अतो ऽष्टावधिका आर्षभ्यादिष्वौडुवजातिषु ।
अतस्त्रयोविंशतिधा षट्सु प्रत्येकमीरिताः ॥७॥
(ii) Vikṛta (modified) jāti-s : (3c-7)
These (śuddha jāti-s) when devoid of their (above)
characteristics¹, excepting the rule for the final note, become
modified (vikṛtā).² (3cd)
By the omission of completeness, the initial note, the
fundamental note and the semi-final note, one by one, four
varieties³ are obtained⁴ ; and by dropping two (of them),
they⁵ are considered to be six. (4)
'These very primary jāti-s that have been characterised as having
their denominative note for the final, the semi-final, the fundamental
and the initial note, having all the seven notes and having their final
note in the low or the middle register, become modified (vikṛta jāti-s)
when they are deprived of these characteristics with the provision that
they retain their limitations with regard to the final note.
This is interpreted by the two commentators in two different
ways. 'K' seems to restrict the application of the exception with regard
to the final note, to the rule pertaining to the denominative note being
the final note. He is silent with respect to its employment in the middle
or the low register only. However, 'S' applies the exception to the latter
and not the former in which case he is silent. The two versions are
presented here in their own words as under :
Kallīnātha states that, of the five characteristics of the śuddhatā
of jāti-s (viz. that the denominative note is their final, semi-final,
fundamental and initial note and their completeness) leaving aside the
specification with regard to the final note the modified jāti-s are relieved

1. The characteristics of śuddhatā as already described.
2. Now, by what principle they are modified, is to be inferred
   from the description of the different varieties of modified
   forms of the śuddha-jāti-s that follows.
3. Of modified jāti-s
4. Lit. become.
5. That is, the varieties obtained.