सङ्गीतरत्नाकर: प्रथम भाग (शार्ङ्गदेव - स्वरगताध्याय सविस्तार व्याख्या व अनुवाद सहित)

( xxiv )

By Śārṅgadeva's time kampa and its varietes had acquired
the name gamaka.
(vii) Jāti-prakaraṇa : Śuddha-jāti-s; vikṛtā-jāti-s; vikṛtā-
saṁsargajā-jāti-s; characteristics (lakṣaṇa) of jāti-s; treatment
of individual jāti-s and their respective prastāra-s.
One may ask why jāti-s should have been treated in
the chapter on svara while treatment of rāga has been taken
up in a separate chapter. This is because rāga had become
fully developed by the time of Śārṅgadeva and its large
number demanded a separate chapter.
(viii) Gīti-prakaraṇa : Kapāla-s and kambala; gīti-s.
CHAPTER II : RĀGAVIVEKĀDHYĀYA
This chapter is divided into two prakaraṇa-s.
(i) Grāmarāga - uparāga - rāga-bhāṣā - vibhāṣā -antarabhāṣā-
viveka-prakaraṇa.
(ii) Rāgāṅgādinirṇaya-prakaraṇa.
CHAPTER III : PRAKĪRṆAKĀDHYĀYA
Lakṣaṇa-s of vāggeyakāra-s, gāyana-bheda: śabda-bheda etc.;
śārīra-lakṣaṇa etc.; gamaka; sthāya; ālapti.
Most of the material included in this chapter represents
developments of the post-Bharata period.
CHAPTER IV : PRABANDHĀDHYĀYA
Definition of gīta and its division into gāndharva and
gāna; constituents of prabandha; description of individual
prabandha-s, guṇa and doṣa of gīta.
Prabandha-s definitely represented music independent of
drama.
CHAPTER V : TĀLĀDHYĀYA
Mārga tāla-s; gītaka-s; deśī tāla-s; pratyaya of deśī tāla-s.

---

( xxv )

CHAPTER VI : VĀDYĀDHYĀYA
Structure, modes of playing and the compositions
pertaining to tata, śuṣira, avanaddha, and ghana vādya-s.
S. R.'s treatment of all the vādya-s in one single chapter
is a distinct departure from Bharata's scheme where the
tata and śuṣira are taken along with the chapters pertaining
to svara and the others treated separately.
CHAPTER VII : NARTANĀDHYĀYA
Elements of nṛtta; dance forms; treatment of nine rasa-s
(c) Style : Śārṅgadeva presents the subject in a concise
and precise manner. His treatment is devoid of any ‘śāstrārtha’
style, i. e., there is no argumentative approach. Very rarely
do we come across some sort of discussion. For instance,
after describing śruti and svara, the author himself raises a
doubt—"if svara-s are effected only on the 4th. (7th, 9th.....)
and other śruti-s, then how could the previous śruti-s, i. e.,
3rd. (2nd., 1st. or 6th., 5th.) etc. be said to contribute to it
(svara) ?"¹ The author then answers the question himself.
Similarly, while pointing out the exceptional case of pañcamī
jāti with regard to the observance of the rule relating to the
weak notes and the ṣāḍava-auḍuva formations, he brings in the
concepts of parisaṅkhyā and vidhi of the Mīmāṁsā school of
Philosophy.²
In conciseness of expression and as regards consolida-
tion of earlier lakṣaṇa, Śārṅgadeva can be compared with
Mammaṭa, the author of Kāvyaprakāśa.
7. Consolidation and Supplementation of lakṣaṇa from
earlier and contemporary sources
Śārṅgadeva in the introductory section of the first
chapter of S. R. lists a number of earlier authorities, the
essence of whose views, he states, he is presenting in his
work.³ A detailed and a comparative study of S. R. and the

Footnotes:

1. S. R. 1. 3, 25c-27ab.
2. ibid. 1. 7. 57 cd 59ab.
3. ibid. 1. 1. 15-21ab