पाटीगणित (श्रीधराचार्य - प्राचीन संस्कृत टीका एवं प्रो. कृपाशंकर शुक्ल सविस्तार व्याख्या)

2 DEFINITIONS
(23) trairâśika (rule of three),
(24) vyasta-trairâśika (inverse rule of three),
(25) pañca-râśika (rule of five),
(26) sapta-râśika (rule of seven),
(27) nava-râśika (rule of nine),
(28) bhâṇḍa-prati-bhâṇḍa (barter of commodities),
(29) jîva-vikraya (sale of living beings) ;
and the nine vyavahâras (determinations) arranged as follows :
(1) miśraka (mixtures),
(2) śreḍhî (series),
(3) kṣetra (plane figures),
(4) khâta (excavations),
(5) citi (piles of bricks),
(6) krâkaca (sawn pieces of timber),
(7) râśi (heaps or mounds of grain),
(8) châyâ (shadow), and then
(9) śûnya-tatva (the mathematics of zero).
DEFINITIONS
Names of notational places :
7-8. Eka, daśa, śata, sahasra, ayuta, lakṣa, prayuta, koṭi,
arbuda, abja, kharva, nikharva, mahâ-saroja, śaṅku, saritpati, antya,
madhya, and parârdha. are each stated to be ten times the pre-
ceding by those who have a knowledge of them.¹
That is to say, the units’ place is called eka, the tens’ place is called
daśa, the hundreds’ place is called śata, and so on.
Lists of names of notational places given by some writers extend
beyond 18 places. Of these, three are as follows :
Mahâvîra’s (850 A.D.) list : (1) eka, (2) daśa, (3) śata, (4) sahasra,
(5) daśa-sahasra, (6) lakṣa, (7) daśa-lakṣa, (8) koṭi, (9) daśa-koṭi, (10) śata-
koṭi, (11) arbuda, (12) nyarbuda, (13) kharva, (14) mahâ-kharva, (15) padma,
¹ Cf. GT, p. 1, vv. 2-3 ; L (ASS), vv. 10-11 ; GK, I, p. 1, vv. 2-3.