पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

II. 10 II. VĀSIṢṬHA-SIDDHĀNTA 35
latitude), what is given here being for some place having a North latitude of 35° 45′. (This matter
is dealt with in the text in III.10 and IV.26).
The rules for day-time is explained thus: From the beginning of Makara to the end of Mīna
the Sun in rāśis increases from 9 to 12. The day-time also increases following it, from 12 muhūrtas
at winter solstice to 15 at Equinox. As (9 to 12) + 3 = (12 to 15), the instruction to add 3 for
the Sun in this quadrant follows. In the same way, from the beginning of Meṣa to the end of
Mithuna, the Sun in rāśis increases from 0 to 3. The day-time increases from 15 at Equinox to 18
at summer solstice. (0 to 3) + 15 = (15 to 18), and this explains the addition of 15. As there is the
maximum day of 18 muhūrtas at summer solstice, there is the minimum night there, of 12 muhūrtas.
This increases to maximum night, 18 muhūrtas for Sun at the beginning of Makara, 6 months after.
As a result, as the Sun's rāśi increases from 3 to 9, the night increases from 12 to 18. (3 to 9) + 9 =
(12 to 18) and this explains the addition of 9 (three times three).
Example 7. Give the day-time for the Sun at the beginning of: (i) Ṛṣabha, (ii) Kumbha and (iii) Kanyā.
(i) The Sun is in the quadrant 0 to 3 rāśis. The beginning of Ṛṣabha is one rāśi. Therefore 1 +
15 = 16, muhūrtas, is the day-time.
(ii) The Sun at the beginning of Kumbha is 10 rāśis. This is in the quadrant 9 to 12. Therefore
10 + 3 = 13, muhūrtas, is the day-time.
(iii) The Sun at the beginning of Kanyā is 5 rāśis and is in the 6 rāśis 3 to 9. Therefore 5 + 9 =
14, muhūrtas, is the night-time. Deducting from 30, 30 − 14 = 16, muhūrtas, is the day-time.
[शङ्कुच्छाया]
कर्कटकादिषु भुक्तं द्विगुणं माध्यन्दिनी भवेच्छाया ।
मकरादिषु चाप्येवं, (किंत्वस्मिन्) मण्डलाच्छोध्यम् ॥ ९ ॥
मध्याह्नच्छायार्धं सत्रिभमर्कोऽयने भवेद्याम्ये ।
उदगयने संशोध्यं पञ्चदशभ्यो रविर्भवति ॥ १० ॥
Gnomonic Shadow
9. When the Sun is in the six rāśis beginning with Karkaṭaka, the number of
rāśis traversed from the beginning of Karkaṭaka, multiplied by 2, is the mid-
day shadow (of the twelve-digit gnomon) in digits. When the Sun is in the six
rāśis beginning with Makara, find the distance in rāśis traversed by the Sun
from the beginning of Makara, and multiply by 2. Subtract this from 12, to
find the mid-day shadow.
10. When the Sun is in its southward-course, (i.e., in the six rāśis from
Karkaṭaka), half the mid-day shadow plus three is the longitude of the Sun in
rāśis. When in the northward course in the six rāśis from Makara, half the
noon-shadow subtracted from fifteen is the Sun in rāśis.
d. A.B.C.D.किं चास्मिन्. A. मंडलात्छोध्याम्;
9a. A1.कर्कटादिषु; B2॰दिवु. B. भक्तं
B. मदलात्सोध्या
b. A.B1.मध्यंदिनी. A. भवेछाया
10a. A1.॰ह्नछायार्द्धं
c. A1.चाप्येव; A2.वाप्येवं
d. B. पञ्चदशेभ्यो
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