पञ्चसिद्धान्तिका (आचार्य वराहमिहिर - सूर्य, रोमक, पौलिश, वासिष्ठ एवं पितामह सिद्धान्त)

16 PAÑCASIDDHĀNTIKĀ I.16
Yuga of the Sun and the Moon (Romaka and Saura)
14. In the Saura Siddhānta, a period (actually the minor yuga) of 1,80,000
solar years contains 66,389 intercalary months and 10,45,095 elided days.
15. The luni-solar yuga of the Romaka Siddhānta consists of 2850 solar years.
In this period, there are 1050 intercalary months and 16,547 elided days.
16. The solar years in the yuga multiplied by 12 gives the solar months in the
yuga. The solar months plus the intercalary months are the synodic months in
the yuga. The tithis got by multiplying the synodic months by 30 reduced by
the elided days, are the civil days, (i.e. days) in the yuga. The civil days plus the
solar years are the sidereal days in the yuga (or the synodic months plus the
solar years are the Moon's revolutions in the yuga).
Example 3. Give the revolutions of the Sun and the Moon, the civil days etc. in a yuga (minor) of the Saura
Siddhānta.
There are 1,80,000 solar years in the Saura minor yuga, and as a solar year is the period of revolu-
tion of the Sun, there are 1,80,000 solar revolutions in the yuga. Multiplying the solar years by 12,
the solar months in a yuga are 12 × 1,80,000 = 21,60,000. The synodic months are solar months
plus intercalary months = 21,60,000 + 66,389 = 22,26,389. The tithis are 30 × 22,26,389 =
6,67,91,670. The (civil) days are, tithis − elided days = 6,67,91,670 − 10,45,095 = 6,57,46,575. The
sidereal days are, civil days plus solar years = 6,57,46,575 + 1,80,000 = 6,59,26,575. The lunar
revolutions are, synodic months + solar years = 22,26,389 + 1,80,000 = 24,06,389.
Example 4. Give the revolutions of the Sun and the Moon, the civil days etc. in the Romaka yuga and the
time of revolution of each, etc.
Sun's revolutions = solar years = 2850. The solar months are, 12 × 2850 = 34,200. The synodic
months are, 34,200 + 1050 = 35,250. The tithis are, 30 × 35,250 = 10,57,500. The civil days are,
10,57,500 − 16,547 = 10,40,953. The lunar revolutions are, 35,250 + 2850 = 38,100. Dividing the
days in the yuga by the solar revolution, the time taken for the one revolution, i.e. the solar year is,
in days etc. 10,40,953 ÷ 2850 = 365-14-48. Dividing the days by the synodic months, the period
of synodic revolution (month) got is in days, etc. 10,40,953 ÷ 35,250 = 29-31-50-5-37. Dividing the
days by the lunar revolutions, the time for one revolution got is, in days etc. 10,40,953 ÷ 38,100 =
27-19-17-46.
The following points should be noted. The Romaka Siddhānta, now extant, agrees with the Modern
Sūrya Siddhānta in its constants like the period of the yuga, the number of revolutions of the planets
in the Yuga etc. But the Romaka Siddhānta condensed by our author is quite different and seems to
14a. B1. धृतिपे; B2. धृतिधे
b. A2. ॰गुणा॰ d. A1.2. स्वकृत; B1. स्यात्कृत; B2. स्वकृत
c. A1. ॰न्द्रिर्णवाशाः; D. [नवकेन्द्रिया॰] B1.2. क्रियाष्ट्यः A1. ष्ट्यप्र; A2. ष्ट्या प्र
c-d. B1.2. खेन्द्रिया-gap शास्तिथि 16. Quoted by Ulpata on BS 2, p.29
15a. B2. युग्मे for युगे a. B1.2. युगवर्षं सपिण्डं
B1.2. मकैन्दो; b. A1.2. साधिभासकं
b. B1.2. पक्षयेस्तु (B2. वस्तु) पक्षाः d. A1.2. C.D. चार्क्षम्; B1.2. तार्क्षम्